Transcript Sylvie Saab - Copyright Presentation 2

Sensible Solutions:
Open Education Resources,
Free for Education and
Creative Commons
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Compliance and Cost Problems

New technologies facilitate access to
and storage and sharing of copyright
materials.

This makes copyright a serious issue for
the education sector as it must:
• Ensure systems, teachers and students
comply with copyright law
• Manage increasing cost implications
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Copyright Challenges

Current copyright laws:
• Are complex
• Not well adapted to the digital world
• Limit and restrict the use of content by
teachers and students for educational
purposes.
• Create a heavy cost and administrative
burden on the education sector.
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Cost Burden…

In many cases, schools place free and publicly
available internet material on their intranet or LMS to
minimise costs arising from heavy internet traffic and
bandwidth requirements.

Under the Part VB, schools are required to pay for
the non commercial educational use of free and
publicly available internet material where it is saved
to the school intranet or LMS. This frustrates the
above cost-saving objective.
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Problem…


Material copied and communicated under the
Statutory Licences and free use exceptions
cannot be made available to the wider
community.
Part VB copying limits do not allow for the
simultaneous storage of content online.
•
This poses tricky compliance issues for schools in using
intranets, LMS and other content repositories.
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Problem…




Website terms and conditions can be
confusing and difficult to understand.
This is because many are unclear.
In some cases, there are no terms and
conditions at all.
As a result, the intention of the publisher
is unknown.
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Problem…


In most cases, website terms and
conditions are intended to prevent
‘commercial use’, rather than
‘educational use’ which is a noncommercial use.
Often, ‘educational use’ may not have
been specifically considered when
website terms and conditions were
drafted.
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Problem…


Even websites which permit copying for
educational use inadvertently do not cover
common educational practices.
Common examples of this are websites which:
• Permit copying but ‘only in an unaltered form’.
•
Arguably, this means that a teacher cannot cut
and paste parts the material to include in a
teaching resource for students.
Does not specifically allow for the material to be
saved onto a hard drive or USB or placed on a
LMS or school intranet.
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Website terms and conditions

A good example from the Smartcopying
website:
“You may copy, distribute, display, download and
otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose
provided that you attribute the Copyright Advisory Group,
MCEETYA. However, you must obtain permission from
the National Copyright Director if you wish to:
•
•
•
charge others for access to the work (other than at cost),
include the work in advertising or a product for sale, or
modify the work.”
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Solution: Open Educational
Resources (OER)


Open Education Resources (OER) can
help overcome copyright hurdles in the
digital age and maximise the success
of the DER.
OER is important because it makes
resources easily and readily available
for teachers and students to access,
copy, modify and share for free!
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OER: A global movement

OER is a growing trend towards openness of
teaching and learning materials.

Significant drivers include:
•
•
•
Creative Commons Licences removed barriers
around ownership, attribution and reuse
Rise of social network tools such as Facebook,
Flickr, blogs and wikis
Ease of tagging and sharing content via
delicious and RSS feeds
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OER - Definition

OER are teaching and learning materials that
are freely available online for everyone to use,
whether you are a teacher, student or self
learner.

OER include: worksheets, curriculum
materials, lectures, homework assignments,
quizzes, class activities, pedagogical
materials, games and many more resources
from around the world.
See: www.oercommons.org
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OER: Fundamental Values

OER share some fundamental
values:
• Resources are free for any individual to
•
•
use
Are licensed for unrestricted distribution
Possibility of adaptation, translation, remix, and improvement.
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OER in a nutshell
OER is about creating repositories of
material which are free to:
Access
Use
Modify
Share
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Open Education Resources
Some good OER sites include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Curriki: http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main/WebHome
OER Commons: www.oercommons.org/
Encyclopaedia of Life: www.eol.org/
Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network:
www.ckan.net/
5. Connexions: www.cnx.org/
6. Teaching Ideas: www.teachingideas.co.uk/
The Smartcopying website lists Open Education Resources:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
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OER and FFE
•
•
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‘Free for education’ (FFE) material is similar to OER
material in that the copyright owner has given permission
for the material to be used for educational purposes.
However, FFE material may not permit a teacher to
communicate, modify or share the material. This will
depend on the terms and conditions of use of the
material.
Many websites are FFE because their terms and
conditions allow copying for educational purposes.
The Smartcopying website lists FFE:
www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
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Example
‘You may download, display, print and copy any material at this website, in
unaltered form only, for you personal use, educational use or for noncommercial use within your organisation’
www.reconciliation.org.au
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Other Free for Education Initiatives
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A number of organisations have agreed to make
their online material free for education:
• Enhance TV Website http://www.enhancetv.com.au
• Museum Victoria http://museumvictoria.com.au
• Cancer Council http://www.cancer.org.au/Home.htm
• World Vision http://www.worldvision.com.au
Material available on these websites can be copied
for ‘educational purposes’.
The Smartcopying website lists FFE websites:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
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Free for Education: NEALS
• NEALS is a licence between the education
departments of the various states and
territories, DEEWR and the Catholic and
Independent school sectors.
• It allows Australian schools to copy and
communicate print and digital material for
educational use free of charge from each
other’s websites and publications.
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OER and Creative Commons

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Most OER resources use Creative Commons (CC)
licences.
This is because CC are well known, free, easy to use and
no lawyers are needed.
CC licences come expressed in three different formats:
•
•
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
Commons Deed (human-readable code),
Legal Code (lawyer-readable code);
Metadata (machine-readable code).
A creator needs only to do one thing - select the type of
licence they want from the CC website!
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OER sites and Creative Commons…
OER SITE
CC LICENCE
OER Commons
http://www.oercommons.org
Curriki
http://www.curriki.org
Openlearn
http://www.open.ac.uk/openlearn/home.php
Teaching Ideas
http://www.teachingideas.co.uk
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CC makes copyright easy..

Using Creative Commons (CC) material enables the
education sector to overcome copyright barriers.

CC material is freely available for teachers and students to
copy, modify and reuse.

This is important in the digital era where content can be
created, accessed and shared in new and exciting ways
globally.

The National Copyright Unit and CC Australia have
developed an information pack for teachers and students on
finding, using and attributing CC material. This pack can be
found on the Smartcopying website at:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/956
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CC makes copyright easy

Students also benefit from the use of CC material
in their classroom work and/or homework projects.

Students are often prohibited from entering their
work into competitions and/or exhibitions due to
third party copyright material (ie an image or music
they have taken from the internet).

Using CC material will remove these barriers.
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What is CC?

CC creates a “some rights reserved” model.
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This means that the copyright owner retains
copyright ownership in their work while inviting
certain uses of their work by the public.
CC licences create choice and options for the
copyright owner.

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CC Primary Licence Elements
There are 4 primary licence elements which are mixed
to create a licence:
Attribution – attribute the author
Non-commercial – no commercial use
No Derivative Works – no remixing
ShareAlike – remix only if you let others remix
See the CC information pack at:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/956
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Six Standard CC Licences
Attribution
Attribution – share alike
Attribution - non-commercial
Attribution – non-commercial –
share alike
Attribution - no derivatives
Attribution – non-commercial –
no derivatives
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CC licences are well suited to
the digital landscape

CC licences make content more
active and dynamic.

CC promotes a more liberal culture of
creating, distributing, sharing and
remixing content for the purposes of
creativity and innovation.

CC is well suited for the new digital
and virtual content landscape.
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CC and the National Library of
Australia
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In January 2006, the NLA embarked on a
collaboration with Flickr to facilitate the collection
of public contributions to the PictureAustralia
archive.
The NLA established two Flickr groups:
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‘Picture Australia: People, Places and Events’,
a place where people can post images social,
political, contemporary or historical events of
national significance.
‘Picture Australia: Australia Day’ (now
encompassed into the ‘People, Places and
Events’ group)
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Australian Cultural Institutes
and Flickr

Other Australian institutes which are
releasing material under a CC licence in
Flickr include:
• State Library NSW
• Powerhouse Museum
• Australian War Memorial
http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryofnsw/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/australian-war-memorial/
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CC and ABC Pool
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•
•
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The ABC has just launched a new CC-friendly social media
space titled Pool.
Users create profiles and upload and download material
which they can share with other profile owners and the
public.
Pool contains music, text, images and animations available
under Creative Commons licences.
ABC is also releasing material from its archives onto Pool
under Creative Commons licences.
Check out ABC Pool:
http://www.pool.org.au
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CC and the Australian Bureau of
Statistics

ABS website material is licensed under a
CC Attribution Licence:
“Unless otherwise noted, all material on this website – except the
ABS logo, the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, and any material
protected by a trade mark – is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia licence”
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CC and Australian Culture
The following contain resources licensed
under CC:
1.
Artabase:
www.artabase.net
2.
Powerhouse Museum:
www.play.powerhousemuseum.com
3.
Australian Creative Resources
Online:
www.acro.edu.au
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‘Dynamic Calculus’:
New NSW DET CC Resource
‘Dynamic Calculus’ is a collection of interactive learning objects for teaching calculus
developed by the Centre of Learning Innovation.
The resource is available under a CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share-Alike Licence.
http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Cli/Download.aspx?resID=8083&v=1&preview=true
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‘Tensile Testing’:
New NSW DET CC Resource
‘Tensile Testing’ is a video based resource developed by CLI which takes students on a
virtual excursion to investigate materials testing. A resource for senior school students of
Engineering Studies and Industrial Technology, and for vocational education students in
areas of Design, Building services, Manufacturing and Mechanical.
The resource is available under a CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share-Alike Licence.
http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/Web/tensile_testing/index.htm?Signature=(68c5e892-686740ca-98f8-8e3d9e9ed09c)
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‘Forces and Fields’:
New NSW DET CC Resource
‘Forces and Fields’ is an audio visual resource developed by CLI for senior Physics
students. It contains in-depth and varied interactive activities in the areas of electric,
magnetic and gravitational forces and fields, across 10 individual sections. The resource
is available under a CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share-Alike Licence.
http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Cli/Download.aspx?resID=8459&v=1&preview=true
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Smithsonian Institute

The Smithsonian Institute (http://www.si.edu) is the
world’s largest museum and research complex
composed of 19 museums and 9 research centres
including the:
•
•
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•
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National Museum of Natural History
National Portrait Gallery
National Air and Space Museum
National Museum of American History
National Design Museum
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Smithsonian Institute

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Smithsonian Institute website hosts an array of copyright
cleared content from these museums and affiliates free
for use by education.
‘Picturing the 1930’s’ is a new education website by the
Smithsonian Institute which allows teachers and students
to explore paintings, artist memorabilia, historical
documents, newsreels, period photographs and create
videos from this material.
http://americanart.si.edu/education/picturing_the_1930s/index.html
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Further, the institute has a photostream of CC licensed
images on Flickr:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonian/
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Flickr and International
Institutes

The following museums and institutes have
photostreams of CC licensed images on
Flickr:
• Imperial War Museum
• Library of Congress
• National Maritime Museum
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmaritimemuseum/
• George Eastman House
http://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house/
• National Media Museum
http://www.flickr.com/photos/imperialwarmuseum/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmediamuseum/
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OER – A Way Forward

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Digital technology will surpass
current teaching and learning
structures.
OER are free and easier to manage:
• No complex copying limits
• No restrictions on audience ie.
community members and lifelong
learners.
• Allow teachers and students to
modify and share resources.
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OER – A Way Forward
Sharing and reusing material will:

Help manage the cost implications on continuing to
rely on the Statutory Licence schemes.

Reduce the costs of content and resource
development.
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Enhance the quality of resources through collaboration
and sharing.
If it can be of value to other people, might as
well share it for free!
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For More Information
Sylvie Saab
[email protected]
(02) 9561 8730
Delia Browne
[email protected]
(02) 9561 8876
Smartcopying Website
www.smartcopying.edu.au
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