Transcript Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS)
Assoc. Prof. Wantanee
Trakulrungsi
Department of Anatomy, Faculty
of Science,
Mahidol University.
Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS)


Sympathetic Nervous
System (Thoracolumbar
division Or
Adrenergic division)
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
(Craniosacral division
Or Cholinergic
division)
Comparision of the somatic and autonomic
Sympathetic pathways
(a) Synapse in a sympathetic chain ganglion at the same
level.(b) Synapse in a sympathetic chain ganglion at a different
level. (c)Synapse in a collateral ganglion anterior to the
vertebral column.
Terms
-Preganglionic sympathetic
neurons: In intermediolateral cell
column of T1-L2 spinal cord
segments
-Preganglionic sympathetic fibers
-Postganglionic sympathetic
neurons: In the
sympathetic ganglion.
-Postganglionic sympathetic
fibers.
-White ramus communicans.
Sympathetic ganglion
1. Paravertebral ganglion : Locate beside the vertebral column (In sympathetic
chain)
Superior Cervical Ganglion (SCG)
- Cervical ganglion
3 pair
Middle Cervical Ganglion (MCG)
Inferior Cervical Ganglion (ICG)
- Thoracic ganglion
12 pair
- Lumbar ganglion
4 (5) pair
- Sacral ganglion
4 (5) pair
- Coccygeal ganglion 1 ganglion (single) called ganglion impar
Stellate ganglion (ICG + T1 ganglion)
Sympathetic ganglion
2. Prevertebral ganglion
- Celiac ganglion
- Superior mesenteric ganglion
- Inferior mesenteric ganglion
- Superior hypogastric ganglion
- Inferior hypogastric ganglion
Sympathetic ganglion
Paravertebra
l ganglion
Prevertebral
ganglion
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
1. Travel along the spinal nerves.
2. Travel along the blood vessel, e.g. internal
carotid artery.
3. Travel straight to the target organ.e.g. fibers to
the heart.
Perivascular plexus
- Sympathetic : postganglionic
sympathetic fibers
-Parasympathetic : preganglionic
parasympathetic fibers
- Sensory fibers
Pain
- visceral pain or real
pain
- Referred pain
Splanchnic nerve (=
preganglionic
sympathetic fibers)
- Thoracic splanchnic
nerve
- Lumbar splanchnic
nerve
- Sacral splanchnic
nerve
Thoracic splanchnic nerve
1. Greater sp.n. : Preganglionic sympathetic
fibers that pass through the T5- T9 ganglia
without synapse
synapse at celiac ganglion
2. Lesser sp.n. : pass through T10,T11
ganglion without synapse
synapse at Aorticorenal ganglion
3. Lowest sp.n.: pass through T12ganglion
without synapse
synapse at renal plexus
Lumbar splanchnic nerve
L1 ganglion
intermesenteric ganglion
L2 ganglion
L3 ganglion
L4 gangion
superior hypogastric
ganglion at the bifurcation of
Aorta
Sacral splanchnic nerve
S1 ganglion
S2 ganglion
S3 ganglion
S4 ganglion
synapse at Inferior
hypogastric ganglion in
pelvic cavity
Lumbar and Sacral
Splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic Nervous
System
(Craniosacral Outflow or
Cholinergic
Outflow)
Cranial part:
From
parasympath
etic nucleus
of CN III, VII,
IX, X
Spinal part:
Nucleus
Parasympathetic nervous system
of the Head and Neck
Preganglionic
fibers travel
alongwhich
cranial nerve?
Edinger-Westphal CN.III
nucleus in
midbrain
Preganglionic Synapse at Postganglionic
fibers accompany which fibers hitcha ride
whichnerve? ganglion? withwhichnerve?
Targetorgans
Whathappens tothatorgan?
-oculomotornerve -Ciliary -shortciliarynerve-Pupillaryconstrictorofiris -pupil constrict
toinferioroblique ganglion
andciliarymuscle ofciliary -contractionofciliarym.-->
m.
body
increase bulgingoflens for
close vision
Superior
CN.VII
-greatersuperficial -pterygopal -maxillaryn.
-Lacrimal gland
-secretionoftear
salivatorynucleus
petrosal nerve
atine
-Oral, palaline glands and -secretionofmucous glands in
relate to
(Nervous
ganglion
Nasal glands
thatarea
medullopontine intermediate)
vidiannerve
junction
-chorda tympani -subman -lingual n.
-submandibularand
-secretionofsalva fromsub
nerve
dibular
sublingual salivaryglands mandibularandsublingual
ganglion
salivaryglands
Inferiorsalivatory CN.IX
-tympanic nerve -Otic
-auriculotemporal -parotidsalivarygland
-secretionofsaliva fromparotid
nucleus in
ganglion n.
gland
medulla
lessersuperficial
petrosal nerve
at the Edinger-Westphal
nucleus.
* Preganglionic
parasympathetic fibers pass
along CNIII
CNIII to the
inferior oblique muscle
* Synapse at Ciliary
ganglion.
* Postganglionic
parasympathetic fibers go to
at the Superior salivatory
nucleus
* Preganglionic
parasympathetic fibers pass
along tympani CNVII
(Nervous intermediate)
Chorda tympani nerve
* Synapse at
Submandibular ganglion.
* Postganglionic
II. * Preganglionic parasympathetic
neurons locate
at the Superior salivatory nucleus
* Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
pass along CNVII (Nervous
intermediate)
Greater superficial
petrosal nerve
Nerve of
pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve)
* Synapse at Pterygopalatine
ganglion.
* Postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers go to
1.Lacrimal gland and
2.Mucous glands of Nose, palate
-Superior salivatory
nucleus
-Submandibular
ganglion
-Pterygopalatine
ganglion
Parasympathetic of CNIX
* Preganglionic parasympathetic
neurons locate
at the Inferior salivatory nucleus
* Preganglionic parasympathetic
fibers pass along CNIX
tympanic nerve
tympanic
plexus lesser superficial petrosal
nerve
* Synapse at Otic ganglion.
* Postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers go to Parotid salivary gland
-Inferior salivatory
nucleus
-Otic ganglion
-Parotid salivary
gland
parasympathetic fibers travel
along the vagus nerve.
-Postganglionic
parasympathetic neurons
locate
near or within the wall of the
effector organs
e.g. Myenteric ganglia of GI
tract
-Postganglionic
1. What is the name of the nucleu
2. Preganglionic parasympathetic
which cranial nerve?
3. What is the name of the parasy
Where is it located?
4.Postganglionic parasympathetic
with which branch of which nerve
5.What is the effector organ?
6.What happens to that organ?
Effects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Autonomic innervation
1. opposite effect = dual, antagonistic auto
sti.parasym (from vagus nerve)car
bradycardia
* slowing of the beat
* reduction in the force of contraction
* reduction in the ventricular output (blo
sti.symp. (cardiac nerve from the cervical g
acceleration or tachycardia
* in contractile force
* in volume of blood pumped per beat
2. Dual but different effect
e.g. salivary gland
sti. Symp.
produces a thick muc
sti. Parasymp.
Produces copious
secretion
3 Receive innervation from only o
e.g. sweat gland and erector pili musc
No antagonistic or different effect is n
References
1) Marieb,E.N.: Essentials of Human Anato
& Physiology, Sixth Edition, Addison Wesley L
2000.
2)Moore, K.L. and Anne M.R. Agur. Essent
Second Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
3) Burt, A.M. Textbook of Neuroanatomy,
W.B. Saunders Company, 1993.