Transcript Document

NAME REACTIONS
PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P
KV GANESHKHIND PUNE
ALDOL CONDENSATION
When two molecules of aldehydes of ketones containing
α-hydrogen on reaction with dil NaOH undergo condensation
To form β-hydroxyaldehydes of ketones.
CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION
Aldol condensation of a mixture of two different aldehydes
Or ketones ,each containing an α-hydrogen gives a mixture of
Four products.
CARBYLAMINE REACTION
When a primary amine(aliphatic or aromatic ) is heated with
Chloroform and alcoholic KOH ,it forms an isocyanide or
Carbylamine having offensive smell.
CANNIZZARO REACTION
Aldehydes not containing an α-hydrogen atom,when treated
With conc. Alkali ,then one molecule gives an alcohol and
Another molecule gives corresponding carboxylic acid salt.
COUPLING REACTION
When diazonium salt react with phenol or aromatic amine
To give azo compounds.The coupling with phenol takes place
In mild alkaline medium.while in case of amines it occurs in
Acidic medium.
CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION
When aldehyde of ketone reduce with amalgamated zinc
And conc. HCl gives corresponding alkane.
DIAZOTISATION REACTION
When a cold solution of primary aromatic amine is treated
With cold solution of nitrous acid in the presence of
Dil.mineral acid at 273-278 K arene diazonium salts are
Formed.
ETARD REACTION
When toluene react with chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2)
In CCl4 or CS2 to give benzaldehyde is called Etards reaction
FINKELSTEIN REACTION
Alkyl iodide is prepared by the reaction of alkyl chloride/
Bromide with NaI in dry acetone.
FITTIG REACTION
When aryl halide treated with sodium in dry ether then
Aryl halide give biphenyl or diphenyl.
FRIEDAL-CRAFTS REACTION
Aromatic compounds like benzene,chorobenzene,
Toluene etc react with alkyl halide,acid chloride and
Anhydride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to form
Electrophilic substitution products.
GABRIEL PHTHALIMIDE SYNTHESIS
Phthalilmide is converted into patassium salt by treating with
Alc KOH,then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkyl
Phthalimide which is hydrolysed to phthalic acid and a primary
Amine by heating with HCl or KOH.
GATTERMANN-KOCH SYNTHESIS
When a mixture of CO and HCl gas is passed through
Benzene at 323 K in presence of a catalyst consisting of
Anhydrous AlCl3 and a small amount of CuCl,benzaldehyde
Is formed.
GATTERMANN REACTION
In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with
Copper powder and a hologen acid to form aryl halide.
HELL VOLHARD ZELINSKY REACTION
Aliphatic carboxylic acids containing α-hydrogen when reacts
With Cl2 of Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus gives α-halo
Acids .this reaction is called H V Z reaction.
HOFFMANN BROMAMIDE
OR HOFFMANN DEGRADATION OFAMIDES
The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing
One carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of
Br2 in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffmann
Bromamide reaction.
IODOFORM REACTION
All compounds containing the group CH3CH2OH,
CH3COCH3 when treated with halogen and excess of alkali
Forms haloform.
KOLBE’S REACTION
Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure(4-7 atm)
At 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification
With HCl gives salicylic acid.
MENDIUS REACTION
The reduction of alkyl and aryl cyanides to primary amines
With nascent hydrogen is known as Mendius reaction.
RIEMER-TIEMANN REACTION
Phenol when reacts with chloroform in the presence of
Aq.sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis
Produces 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde.(salicylaldehyde)
ROSENMUND REACTION
Catalytic reduction of acid chloride to the corresponding
Aldehydes is called Rosenmund reduction.
SANDMEYER REACTION
Benzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl
CuBr/HBr,CuCN/KCN produce chlorobenzene,bromo
Benzene,benzonitrile respectively.
STEPHEN REACTION OR STEPHEN REDUCTION
Alkyl or aryl cyanides reduce to the corresponding aldehydes
With a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether,
Saturated with HCl at room temperature followed
By hydrolysis.
SWARTS REACTION
The synthesis of alkyl flouride is best accompanied by
Heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a
Metallic Flouride such as AgF,Hg2F2,CoF2 or SbF3.
WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS
Alkyl halides react with sodium alkoxide of sodium
Phenoxide to form ether.
WOLFF KISHNER REDUCTION
Aldehydes and ketones reduces to their corresponding
Hydrocarbons on heating them with hydrazine and KOH
WURTZ REACTION
Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give
Hydrocarbon containing double the number of carbon
Atoms present in the halide.
WURTZ-FITTIG REACTION
A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide given an
Alkyl arene when treated with sodium in presence of
Dry ether.
THE END
PREPARED BY PRASHANTH C P
KV GANESHKHIND PUNE