Transcript Catalogue of Plants of Magdagascar

A Catalogue of the Plants of
Madagascar
A 5-year collaborative project
to catalogue the vascular
plants of Madagascar
Peter B. Phillipson
George E. Schatz
Porter P. Lowry II
Missouri Botanical Garden
Madagascar: Global Hotspot
• Centre of diversity (12,000? species)
• Centre of endemism (80, 90, 90+? species endemism)
• Critical human pressure on ecosystems/biodiversity
From: Myers et al. 2000
Why a Catalogue?
• Provide set of “names in current use”
• Provide statistics – the “numbers game”
– How many endemics?
– Where are they located?
– Prioritise areas for conservation.
• Collate dispersed literature, and other information
• Stimulate research
– highlight gaps
– encourage more detailed studies as necessary (Systematics,
Ecology, etc.)
• Framework for present and future efforts to document the
flora
• Address targets of the Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation (GSPC)
• Why now?
– many new treatments
– many new collections
– Urgently needed by end-users in Madagascar
What will the Catalogue cover?
•
•
•
•
•
Vascular Plants
Madagascar only (not Comoros)
Native species
Naturalized species
Modern Family alignments
What will the Catalogue contain?
•
•
•
•
•
Nomenclature and Types
Synonymy
Habit
Habitat
Distribution (Bioclimatic, Provincial,
Protected Areas)
• Conservation Status and Rarity
What will the Catalogue look
like?
• Printed version
• Web-based database
–
–
–
–
–
text
maps
images (Types, vouchers)
link to TROPICOS data
phylogeny
• Images on CD?
+ Associated series of published articles
The
Printed
Version
FAMILY:
Asteropeiaceae
1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species.
GENUS:
Asteropeiaceae
1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species.
Asteropeia Thouars
Syn.: Rhodoclada Baker
8 endemic species.
Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Dry, Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOLI
PA: Andohahela, Andringitra,
Ankarafantsika
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BERNIER 281 (HT: P; IT: P)
Voucher: C. BIRKINSHAW ET AL. 725
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. =
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
matrambody Capuron = Asteropeia
matrambody (Capuron) G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot =
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Asteropeia Thouars
Syn.: Rhodoclada Baker
8 endemic species.
Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999.
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
Syn.: Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Montane, Forest and Woodland. 10002000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, FIAN
PA: Andringitra
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: BARON 40 (HT: K; IT: P)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3965
(MO, P, TEF).
Asteropeia labatii G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia micraster H.
Hallier var. angustifolia H. Perrier,
nomen inval.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid
and Dry, Forest and Woodland.
500-2000 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOLI
PA: Andringitra, Isalo
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: LABAT, DU PUY, &
ANDRIANTIANA 2411 (HT: P; IT:
K, MO, TAN, TEF, WAG).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3971
(MO, P, TEF).
Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron)
G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E.
Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
var. matrambody Capuron
Endemic. Tree. Humid, Forest. 0500 m.
Prov.: ANTS, TOAM
PA: Ambatovaky, Betampona,
Masoala
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: SERVICE FORESTIER 8304
(HT: P; IT: K, MO, P, TEF).
Voucher: N.M. ANDRIANJAFY ET
AL. 78 (MO, P, TAN, TEF).
Asteropeia mcphersonii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid
and Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500
m.
Prov.: TOAM
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: EN
Type: MCPHERSON 17528 (HT:
MO; IT: K, P, TAN, WAG).
Voucher: J. RABENANTOANDRO ET
AL. 136 (MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid,
Forest. 0-500 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOAM, TOLI
PA: none
Cons. Stat.: VU
Asteropeiaceae: Asteropeia, 1
Type: SCOTT-ELLIOT 2514 (HT: P;
IT: K)
Voucher: J.L. ZARUCCHI ET AL.
7610 (K, MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier var.
angustifolia H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia labatii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Syn.: Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 0-1000 m.
Prov.: ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOAM, TOLI
PA: Mananara, Manombo,
Masoala, Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: DU PETIT-THOUARS S.N.
(HT: P; IT: P).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 1960
(MO, TAN, WAG).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker)
Baill.
Syn.: Rhodoclada rhopaloides
Baker
Endemic. Tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, TOAM,
TOLI
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Manongarivo, Masoala
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BARON 3096 (LT, Schatz et
al., 1999: K; ILT: K)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3513
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia densiflora
Baker, pro parte; Asteropeia
amblyocarpa Tul., pro parte.
Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker =
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
The
Printed
Version
ACCEPTED SPECIES:
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill. var.
angustata H. Perrier, nomen inval., pro
parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and Dry,
Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA, TOLI
PA: Andohahela, Andringitra,
Ankarafantsika
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: Bernier 281 (HT: P; IT: P)
Voucher: C. Birkinshaw et al. 725 (MO, P,
TAN).
Asteropeiaceae
1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species.
Asteropeia Thouars
Syn.: Rhodoclada Baker
8 endemic species.
Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Dry, Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOLI
PA: Andohahela, Andringitra,
Ankarafantsika
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BERNIER 281 (HT: P; IT: P)
Voucher: C. BIRKINSHAW ET AL. 725
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. =
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
matrambody Capuron = Asteropeia
matrambody (Capuron) G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot =
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Asteropeia labatii G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia micraster H.
Hallier var. angustifolia H. Perrier,
nomen inval.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid
and Dry, Forest and Woodland.
500-2000 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOLI
PA: Andringitra, Isalo
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: LABAT, DU PUY, &
ANDRIANTIANA 2411 (HT: P; IT:
K, MO, TAN, TEF, WAG).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3971
(MO, P, TEF).
Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron)
G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E.
Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
var. matrambody Capuron
Endemic. Tree. Humid, Forest. 0500 m.
Prov.: ANTS, TOAM
PA: Ambatovaky, Betampona,
Masoala
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: SERVICE FORESTIER 8304
(HT: P; IT: K, MO, P, TEF).
Voucher: N.M. ANDRIANJAFY ET
AL. 78 (MO, P, TAN, TEF).
Asteropeia mcphersonii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid
and Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500
m.
Prov.: TOAM
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: EN
Type: MCPHERSON 17528 (HT:
MO; IT: K, P, TAN, WAG).
Voucher: J. RABENANTOANDRO ET
AL. 136 (MO, P, TAN).
SYNONYMS:
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
Syn.: Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Montane, Forest and Woodland. 10002000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, FIAN
PA: Andringitra
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: BARON 40 (HT: K; IT: P)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3965
(MO, P, TEF).
Type: SCOTT-ELLIOT 2514 (HT: P;
IT: K)
Voucher: J.L. ZARUCCHI ET AL.
7610 (K, MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier var.
angustifolia H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia labatii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Syn.: Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 0-1000 m.
Prov.: ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOAM, TOLI
PA: Mananara, Manombo,
Masoala, Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: DU PETIT-THOUARS S.N.
(HT: P; IT: P).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 1960
(MO, TAN, WAG).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker)
Baill.
Syn.: Rhodoclada rhopaloides
Baker
Endemic. Tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, TOAM,
TOLI
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Manongarivo, Masoala
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BARON 3096 (LT, Schatz et
al., 1999: K; ILT: K)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3513
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia densiflora
Baker, pro parte; Asteropeia
amblyocarpa Tul., pro parte.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. =
sphaerocarpa Baker =
Asteropeia Asteropeia
amblyocarpa
Tul.Asteropeia
micraster H. Hallier
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid,
Forest. 0-500 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOAM, TOLI
PA: none
Cons. Stat.: VU
Asteropeiaceae: Asteropeia, 1
The
Printed
Version
PRESENTATION:
File Bound to enable easy replacement of
out-of-date pages – available through website
Asteropeiaceae
1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species.
Asteropeia Thouars
Syn.: Rhodoclada Baker
8 endemic species.
Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Dry, Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOLI
PA: Andohahela, Andringitra,
Ankarafantsika
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BERNIER 281 (HT: P; IT: P)
Voucher: C. BIRKINSHAW ET AL. 725
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. =
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.
matrambody Capuron = Asteropeia
matrambody (Capuron) G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot =
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
Syn.: Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker;
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval., pro parte.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and
Montane, Forest and Woodland. 10002000 m.
Prov.: ANTA, FIAN
PA: Andringitra
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: BARON 40 (HT: K; IT: P)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3965
(MO, P, TEF).
Asteropeia labatii G.E. Schatz,
Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia micraster H.
Hallier var. angustifolia H. Perrier,
nomen inval.
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid
and Dry, Forest and Woodland.
500-2000 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOLI
PA: Andringitra, Isalo
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: LABAT, DU PUY, &
ANDRIANTIANA 2411 (HT: P; IT:
K, MO, TAN, TEF, WAG).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3971
(MO, P, TEF).
Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron)
G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E.
Wolf
Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.
var. matrambody Capuron
Endemic. Tree. Humid, Forest. 0500 m.
Prov.: ANTS, TOAM
PA: Ambatovaky, Betampona,
Masoala
Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)
Type: SERVICE FORESTIER 8304
(HT: P; IT: K, MO, P, TEF).
Voucher: N.M. ANDRIANJAFY ET
AL. 78 (MO, P, TAN, TEF).
Asteropeia mcphersonii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid
and Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500
m.
Prov.: TOAM
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: EN
Type: MCPHERSON 17528 (HT:
MO; IT: K, P, TAN, WAG).
Voucher: J. RABENANTOANDRO ET
AL. 136 (MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid,
Forest. 0-500 m.
Prov.: FIAN, TOAM, TOLI
PA: none
Cons. Stat.: VU
Asteropeiaceae: Asteropeia, 1
Type: SCOTT-ELLIOT 2514 (HT: P;
IT: K)
Voucher: J.L. ZARUCCHI ET AL.
7610 (K, MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier var.
angustifolia H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia labatii G.E.
Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf
Asteropeia multiflora Thouars
Syn.: Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot
Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 0-1000 m.
Prov.: ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,
TOAM, TOLI
PA: Mananara, Manombo,
Masoala, Zahamena
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: DU PETIT-THOUARS S.N.
(HT: P; IT: P).
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 1960
(MO, TAN, WAG).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker)
Baill.
Syn.: Rhodoclada rhopaloides
Baker
Endemic. Tree. Humid and
Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500 m.
Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, TOAM,
TOLI
PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,
Manongarivo, Masoala
Cons. Stat.: LC
Type: BARON 3096 (LT, Schatz et
al., 1999: K; ILT: K)
Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3513
(MO, P, TAN).
Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.
var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen
inval. = Asteropeia densiflora
Baker, pro parte; Asteropeia
amblyocarpa Tul., pro parte.
Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker =
Asteropeia densiflora Baker
The Web Version …….
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specific data
in database
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specific data
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Select
(ASTEROPEIACEAE)
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bold
Synonym
not bold
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more details
Generate
replacement text
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Full information
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Voucher
Type
Fianarantsoa
Toliara
Subhumid
Dry
Andringitra
Isalo
Links to
TROPICOS –
specimen basedmap etc.
Maps clickable for
area-based
information
Click
here
Peter Steven’s Angiosperm Phylogeny Web-site:
Ordinal level: Malagasy Clades and Orders in red
Click on Clade or
Order for next
level detail here
Family level: Malagasy
clades and orders in red
Caryophyllales
Click on clade to get
further expansion (if
available)
Click family
name to get
Catalogue record
Click here for data subset
(species list) for selected
Bioclimatic Region
Click here for data subset
(species list) for selected
Province
Click here for data subset
(species list) for selected
Protected Area
Click here for data subset
(species list) for selected
Conservation Status category
How will we produce the
catalogue?
1. Review existing taxonomic treatments – assess
Taxon
• Recent Flora or Monograph
• Old Flora or Revision – new material available
– substantial revision required
– minor amendments required
• No revision available
–
–
–
–
Revision currently in progress
Worldwide Monograph
African / Mascarene revision(s) available
literature of individual species descriptions.
How will we produce the
catalogue?
2. Capture existing “good” treatments
3. Undertake minor revisionary work
• Produce synoptic revisions (see examples of
Mimusops and Desmostachys)
• Describe individual new species
• Nomenclature, (Nomenclatural Notes)
4. “Find” contributors currently working on groups
5. Mentor students
Flore de Madagascar – a basis
What has been done?
• 178 families out of 222 (80%) treated in full
• Some treatments over 50 years old
• Some older flora volumes replaced by new revisions, e.g.
– most endemic families
– Arecaceae
– Iridaceae
• of the remaining 44 non-treated families, some modern
treatments are available, notably Fabaceae
• other non-treated families, some flora treatment /revisions are
in advanced stages of preparation/publication, including parts
of some large families e.g.
– Apiaceae
– Euphorbiaceae (in part)
– Araliaceae
– Rubiaceae (in part)
– Asclepiadaceae
Flore de Madagascar
What remains largely “untouched”?
• small families, e.g.
– Rosaceae
– Geraniaceae
• large/medium-sized families, e.g.
– Ericaceae
– Poaceae
• parts of some large families, notably
– Euphorbiaceae
– Rubiaceae
– Acanthaceae
What have we done so far?
1.
2.
Review of: LAMIACEAE (Fl Mad 1998)
CONVOLVULACEAE (Fl Mad 2002)
 minor changes
Synoptic Revisions completed
•
•
3.
Endemic families, e.g. SARCOLAENACEAE
Other out-dated flora treatments, e.g. Buxus
Synoptic Revisions in progress
•
Endemic families, e.g. DIDYMELACEAE
•
Other out-dated flora treatments, e.g. Brexia, Desmostachys,
Mimusops, Tacca, Xerophyta,
4. Revision / Flora treatment of small families in progress
•
•
GERANIACEAE
ROSACEAE
Progress since Flore de Madagascar
Flore
Genus
Family
Mad.
Asteropeia
Asteropeiac.
5
Buxus
Buxac
1
Dialyceras
Sphaerosepalac.
1
Eremolaena
Sarcolaenac.
2
Leptolaena (s.s.) Sarcolaenac.
3
Melanophylla
Torricelliac.
9
Pentachlaena
Sarcolaenac.
1
Perrierodendron
Sarcolaenac.
1
Prock iopsis
Sapindac.
1
Rhodolaena
Sarcolaenac.
4
Rhopalocarpus
Sphaerosepalac.
13
figure representative?
Sarcolaena Is this Sarcolaenac.
7
Schizolaena
Sarcolaenac.
8
Tacca
Dioscoreac.
2
Xylolaena
Sarcolaenac.
3
Totals
61
New spp.
in recent
revis.
2
7
0
0
5
1
1
4
2
3
0
1
8
4
2
40
Total
8
9
3
2
7
6
3
5
3
7
15
8
18
7
5
106
Addit.
sp. after
% inc.
revis.
60%
800%
1
200%
0%
133%
-33%
200%
400%
Net
200%
decrease
75%
15%
14%
1
125%
1
250%
67%
74%
Reflections
• 12,000 spp. may still be an underestimate for the total vascular plant
flora of Madagascar
• In 1959 the number of species recorded from Madagascar was
estimated at 7,900 (Humbert)
• By 1992 the increase was estimated at 1445 (18%), giving a total of
9345 (Phillipson)
• The rate of adding species seems to have increased, are we now
adding 74% to 1959 levels across the board?
• If so, available figures suggests a total flora of 13,700 species!
• Species endemism still looks to be over 90% in many taxa
• Hopefully we will have a more reliable estimate in 5 years time!
• The first edition of the Catalogue will be a starting point
• Later editions may include other data: what?
Thilachium pouponii
The End