Transcript Skills needed in a bioeconomy in the European Union

SKILLS AND THE
BIOECONOMY
Ken Guy
Head of the Science and Technology Policy
Division, OECD
New Skills for a European Bioeconomy
Brussels, 20-21 November, 2012
[email protected]
What is the Bioeconomy?
OECD 2009
• The application of biotechnology to primary
production, health and industry in order to contribute
to economic output
• This involves
– The generation of the biotechnical knowledge needed to
develop new processes for producing a range of products
– The use of renewable biomass and efficient bioprocesses to
achieve sustainable production
– The integrated application of biotechnical knowledge
across a range of application areas
OECD (2009), The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda
Integration across Biotechnology Applications
OECD (2009)
Primary production:
food, feed, fibre,
and cellulosic crops
Animal and plant
therapeutics
and diagnostics
Biomass
feedstock
Nutraceuticals
and
pharmaceutical
production
Research on
genomes, cell
processes, and
bioinformatics
Health:
new therapies
and diagnostics
Industry:
enzymes, biofuels,
and bioplastics
Fine chemical
production
What is the Bioeconomy?
USA 2012
• Economic activity that is fuelled by research and
innovation in the biological sciences
• Sectors affected include:
–
–
–
–
–
Agriculture
Energy production
Manufacturing
Environmental clean-up
Health
The White House (2012), National Bioeconomy Blueprint
What is the Bioeconomy?
UK 2012
• The share of economic output derived from
the use of biotechnology in areas such as
healthcare, agriculture, new methods of
producing plastics, fibres, food, personal care
products, fuels and speciality chemicals is
known as the bioeconomy
www.bis.gov.uk/policies/innovation/busines-support/ols/areas-of-work/bio-economy
What is the Bioeconomy?
EU 2012
• The bioeconomy encompasses the production
of renewable biological resources and their
conversion into food, feed, bio-based
products and bio-energy. It includes
agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and pulp
and paper production, as well as parts of the
chemical, biotechnological and energy
industries
EU (2012), Innovation for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe
Bioeconomy Sectors
Bioeconomy
Health
Industrial
Primary
Production
Pharmaceuticals
Chemicals
Agriculture
Medical
biotechnology
Energy
Marine
Medical technology
Materials
Livestock
Food & drink
(processed)
The Size of the Bioeconomy
• It is estimated that the European bioeconomy has an
annual turnover of about €2 trillion and employs
more than 22 million people and approximately 9%
of the total EU workforce.
EU (2012), Innovation for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe
• High-value ec0-innovations account for roughly half
of the bioeconomy’s contribution to GDP and
account for approximately a quarter of the
bioeconomy labour force.
https://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/gradschool/applicants/course_information/taught_courses_az/foundations_of_the_bioeconomy
Bioeconomy Jobs in the EU
Sector
Annual turnover Bn€ Employment 000s
Data source
Food
Agriculture
965
381
4400
12000
Paper/Pulp
Forestry/Wood Ind.
Fisheries and Aquaculture
375
269
32
1800
3000
500
CIAA
COPA-COGECA
Eurostat
CEPI
CEI-BOIS
EC
Bio-chemicals and
plastics
50 (estimation)
150 (estimation)
Enzymes
0.8 (estimation)
5 (estimation)
Biofuels
6
150
Total
2046
21505
Bio-based industries
USDA
Arthur D Little
Festel
McKinsey
CEFI
Amfep
Novozymes,
Danisco/Genencor,
DSM
EBB
eBio
The Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe: Achievements and Challenges, 2010
Employment in Current Bio-based
Industries
• The Brazilian bio-ethanol programme provided nearly
1 million jobs in 2007 (Wonglimpiyarat, 2010)
• By 2010, the US bio-based products industry was
responsible for more than 40,000 American jobs (BIO,
2010)
• US federal policy in support of biofuels resulted in an
additional 240,000 jobs and contributed $65 Bn to
GDP in 2008 (Carr et al, 2010)
• It has also been estimated that every new job in the US
chemicals industry can lead to 5.5 additional jobs
elsewhere in the economy (Bang et al, 2009)
OECD (2011). Future prospects for industrial biotechnology. ISBN 978-92-64-11956-
Growth of the Bioeconomy
Creating jobs and maintaining European competitiveness
• In order to remain competitive and maintain jobs in the light
of major societal challenges and rising markets in the
developing world, the. European bioeconomy sectors need to
innovate and further diversify Significant growth is expected
to arise from sustainable primary production, food processing
and industrial biotechnology and biorefineries, which lead to
new bio-based industries, transform existing ones, and open
new markets for bio-based products. New high skilled jobs
and training options need to be developed to meet labour
demands in these industries, as well as in agriculture, forestry,
fisheries and aquaculture.
EC (2012). Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe.
COM(2012) 60, final. Brussels, 13.2.2012.
“The $3.8 billion spent on the HGP may well represent the best
single investment ever made in science”
Battelle, 2011
Every $1 of HGP investment has helped to generate $141 in the US economy
US revenues (2010) from industrial biotechnology — fuels, materials, chemicals,
and industrial enzymes derived from genetically modified systems — were
approximately $100 billion1
1The
White House, April 2012. National Bioeconomy Blueprint
Global Markets for Chemical Products
USD 1,500 bn
USD 1,200 bn
650
450
USD 310 bn
2.5%
170
20.7%
USD 30 bn
16
2001
2010
Chemical products
Fine and specialty chemicals
2001
2010
Chemical products using
biotechnology processes
Polymers
Basic chemicals and intermediates
http://www.cib-frankfurt.de/mm/CIB-Image-RZe-online.pdf
Global Production Capacity of Bioplastics
1800
1600
Biodegradable (incl.
non-biobased)
Durable (biobased)
1400
1,000 1200
Metric
1000
Tons
714
800
600
428
400
200
0
174
6
2008
23
295
296
2009
2010
996
2015
European Bioplastics, May 2011
European Bioplastics latest update: levels expected to rise from 1.2 million to 5.8 million
tonnes over next 5 years
Market Projections for US Chemical
Products (Total and Biobased) ($US bn)
2005
2010
2025
Sector
Total
Biobased
Total
Biobased
Total
Biobased
Commodity
475
0.9
550
5-11
857
50-86
Speciality
375
5
435
87-110
679
300-340
Fine
100
15
125
25-32
195
88-98
Polymer
250
0.3
290
15-30
452
45-90
Total
1,200
21.2
1,400
132-183
2,183
483-614
0.2%
US bio-based products market potential and projections through 2025
USDA, OCE-2008-01, February 2008
16-28%
Addressable Markets for SynBio Products
Diesel
$809 b
Production
efficiency
Industrial
lubricants
$24b
Jet fuel
$309 b
Cosmetics, flavours,
fragrances
$32b
Plastics
Additives
$37b
Artemisinin
Bulk
polymers
$309 b
Automotive
lubricants
$24b
Surfactants
$22 b
Synthetic and
natural rubber
$13b
2013 and beyond
Amyris estimates
A Different Way to Produce Light Olefins
Synthetic biology
Petrochemistry
Yesterday :
Fossil resources
1
Ethylene
Tomorrow :
Renewable
resources
Olefins: a group of 6 molecules
that are the main building
blocks in chemistry
2
Propylene
3
N-Butenes
4
Butadiene
5
Isoprene
Courtesy of Global Bioenergies, Evry, France
6
Isobutene
17
Addressable Markets for Light Olefins
Existing
market (b$)
Potential
market (b$)
Main applications
Ethylene
144
Polyethylene (60%)
Propylene
88
Polypropylene (65%)
37-74
Co-monomers in various
plastics
Linear butenes
Isobutene
29
Butadiene
14.6
Isoprene
2
>400
Tyres, organic glass, PET, fuels
Tyres, nylon, coating polymers
10
Tyres, adhesives
Courtesy of Global Bioenergies, Evry, France
Different Industrial Dynamics and Skill
Needs across Value Chains
Johnson R (2012), Presentation to the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology
Long, complex value chains
Fertilizer
Pesticide
Feedstock
Tech transfer
Staff
-
Jobs
Biorefinery
Platform
technologies
University/
institute
Tech transfer
Jobs
Contract R&D,
clusters, JV’s,
Knowledge
spinouts
Manufacturing
Customers
OECD (2005). Supply and demand chain inhibitors in industrial biotechnology. DSTI/STP/BIO(2005)44.
Agro-Industrial Clusters:
e.g. IAR cluster
Schematic Model Identifying Main Areas of
Activity where Skills are Required
Research
Initiation
Biotechnology:
a set of enabling
technologies
Development
Pre-trial
Production
Bulk production
Product finishing
Clinical trials
Main Requirements for Development
Research
funding,
Research
Stars,
PhD, IP law
Legislation (IP
Protection)
Regulation, Scientific,
Technical and
Management Skills,
Commercialization
Skills, Venture Capital
Infrastructure
Scientific,
Management and
General Skills,
Quality Control,
Private Funding
Bulk product
Scientific,
Management
and
General Skills,
Quality control
Forfas Expert Group on Future Skills Needs (2003). The supply and demand for skills in the biotechnology sector
Need for a Strategic, Integrated Approach to
Skills Development
Narasimharao (2010). Social Responsibility Journal 6, 72 – 90.
Often Involving Paradigm Shifts
The transition from petro-chemicals to biobased chemicals
is a paradigm shift for the chemical industry which
requires a new emphasis on interdisciplinary research
and education for the integration of biocatalytic and
chemical catalytic systems
Three basic characteristics:
• creativity, the ability to think up new solutions to
existing problems,
• innovation, the ability to successfully implement new
ideas in research programs or industry
• adaptability, the ability to cope with continuously
changing technological infrastructures.
Haen et al. (2012). Education for Chemical Engineers, In Press, 11 pp
Switching Jobs - Average Annual Percentage Gains in
Jobs Categories, 2006-2010
Biotechnology
Renewables and environment
Percentage gains in job category* (2006-2010) Source : Wire Magazine (2011) http://sbio.vt.edu/careers/
*Average percentage change per year. Survey of one million US Linkedin members changing jobs
The Overall Implications for Skills
See, for example, Narasimharao (2010). Social Responsibility Journal 6, 72 – 90
• Overall demand for skilled personnel is set to rise
• Skill gaps are almost inevitable given expected rates of
change
• Biotechnology and environment-related employment
opportunities are becoming attractive, but more needs
to be done to make bioeconomy-related employment
opportunities more attractive
• In many instances, paradigm shifts are involved
• In all instances, the skill sets needed are becoming
increasingly diverse
• Implying a corresponding need to identify the skill sets
needed across value chains and the implications for
education and training regimes
The Overall Implications for Skills
• Increasingly, the concepts of multidisciplinarity and
interdisciplinarity will drive the development of both
individual and team skills
• Necessitating a strategic and integrated approach to
skills development
• Involving the alignment of skill sets with both industry
needs and the need to tackle key societal challenges
• Key foci include:
– The development of translational skills allowing links to
develop across the academic-industrial and researchinnovation interfaces
– Making entrepreneurship attractive to life science students
– The development of broad knowledge management skills
– An emphasis on retraining as well as education and
training
The Overall Implications for Skills
• Policymakers will also need to develop new skills
• As strategic thinking and policy rhetoric improve, the
need for effective policy implementation intensifies
• The development of acceptable definitions, new
indicators and adequate measurement frameworks for
the bioeconomy and related skill developments are
desperately needed
• Crucially, enhanced communication and engagement
skills are an imperative if the public at large are to play
an important part in determining socially acceptable
development paths for the bioeconomy in both the EU
and globally
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