Transcript The Windmill Development Group, Ltd.

Considerations for Implementing Combined Heat
and Power in Highrise Residential Buildings:
Lessons Learned
February 4th 2010
Accelerating the adoption of green building
technologies and contributing to the transformation
of the built environment.
Objectives:
• Evaluate new green building technologies & equipment through in-situ testing
and monitoring in new and existing high rise buildings;
• Leverage knowledge and experience of leading developer and building
owner(s) to strengthen the cleantech product development and
commercialization value chain.
What is Combined Heat & Power
Sewage Treatment
• CHP, or Cogeneration, utilitizes the waste heat from
electricity generation to produce simultaneous hot water
(thermal energy)
Primary types of equipment:
• Microturbines
• Reciprocating Engines
Fuel Choices:
• Natural Gas (common)
• Biofuels (eventually)
Source: www.powerecosystems.com
Equipment Choices
Advantages
Reciprocating Engines •High power efficiency
•Lower $/kw
•Wide range of sizes
•Part load operation
•Fast start-up time
•Multi-fuel capability
•Maintenance well understood
•Can operate with low
pressure gas
Micro Turbines
•High reliability due to small
number of moving parts
•Simplified installation
•Low maintenance required
•Compact size & Light weight
•Acceptable noise levels
•Some fuel flexibility
•Low emissions
•High temperature heat
exhaust for heat recovery
•Acceptable power quality
Disadvantages
Sewage Treatment
•Must be cooled
•Low power:weight ratio
•Out-of-balance forces require substantial
foundations and anti-vibration isolation
•High levels of low frequency noise
•High maintenance costs
• Higher Cost/kwh
• More specialized expert/qualified service
personnel
•Extended downtime potential
Potential Benefits: CHP + DG
•
•
•
•
Sewage Treatment
Energy Efficiency and Potential Emissions Reductions
Reduction in building electricity demand
Uninterrupted emergency power generation
Distributed generation:
• Enables self reliance & fuel switching flexibility
• Reduces efficiency losses from distribution networks
• Reduces investment requirements in upstream capacity
(smaller centralized power plants)
Tridel’s Combined Heat & Power Feasibility Studies
Sewage Treatment
1.
Single Condominium Building
•
Tridel, TAF, TRCA, OPA, Enbridge, Provident Energy Management
2.
Tandem Towers in New Development Complex
•
Tridel, Enbridge, Private 3rd Party Utility
Grand Triomphe II
Solaris I & II @ Metrogate
540 KW CHP
1.2 MW CHP
Design Considerations
Building kWh provided by Go-Gen
90%
Size system to
deliver less
than base
Power load
80%
70%
60%
7X24
Mid + On Peak
On Peak
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Jan
• To optimize
system
performance,
thermal storage is
necessary on
larger systems
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
% of CoGen MMBTU Utilized
120%
But you will still
have too much
heat in
summer
100%
80%
7X24
Mid + On Peak
On Peak
60%
40%
20%
0%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
• To optimize
system
20%
Peak
performance,
thermal
Off-Peak
on
Typical Time of Use forstorage is necessary
Total
power in MURBs larger
systems54%
Mid-Peak
26%
• Then
• THen
% of Building MMBTU provided by CoGen
120%
• Then
• THen
100%
80%
7X24
Mid + On Peak
On Peak
60%
40%
20%
0%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Key Factors in Designing a System
1.
Scale
•
•
•
•
2.
Sewage Treatment
Do not exceed the building’s base load. Stay behind the meter. Too
complicated to grid connect.
Do not exceed the summer thermal (DHW) load. You’ll be dumping hot
water and eroding the environmental benefits.
Size for emergency back-up generator
(Check economics on smaller systems)
Operating Schedule
•
•
•
3.
Plan to run the equipment during Peak Periods mainly - and maybe MidPeak.
Do not operate during off-peak, or you’ll erode environmental benefits.
System will mostly likely not be thermal load following for economic
reasons.
Thermal Storage
•
•
Probably required on residential installations
Adds cost but preserves environmental benefit and system efficiency
Key Factors in Designing a System
4.
Location
•
•
5.
Sewage Treatment
Installing near the ground may require special exhaust venting
Installing on the roof may require additional sound and vibration
attenuation
Cost
•
•
6.
Approximately $1000/kw for equipment
$2500/kw installed
Maintenance
•
7.
Use a reliable operator. These systems can be too complex for a condo
board.
Design-Build/Own-Operate
•
A third party can design-build-own-operate, but be mindful of above
considerations
Illustrative Economics of a 540 KW CHP in a New Building
Assuming Time of Use Rates apply
Sewage Treatment
Operating Schedule: 8 hrs/day @ Peak + 6 hrs/day @ Mid (7 months) = 3,036 hrs/year
Avoided Costs from Operation: $277,000/yr
Operating Costs (at $0.38/m3):
$186,000/yr
Operating Margin (before interest): $91,000
Install Costs:
$1,361,000
- $250,000 (Generator)
- $86,400 (Incentive*)
- $X (boiler reduction)
= $1,024,600
Sensitivity
•
$/kwh + 20% improves Operating Margin to $131,500
•
+ $/m3 + 20% drops Operating Margin to $80,500
Enabling Conditions
Constraints
1.
CSA-282 rule change for
emergency back-up systems
1.
Equipment start-up
must
Sewagetimes
Treatment
meet other code requirements
2.
Retiring old appliances
2.
Install costs higher for retrofit
3.
Low input fuel prices
3.
NG price volatility risk
4.
Time of Use Rates
4.
Existing regulated price plan
5.
Coincident Power/Thermal
demand
5.
Non-alignment in summer
6.
Provincial price support
mechanism
6.
No viable Clean Energy
Standard Offer for NG
7.
FIT for Biogas ($ $.16/kwh)
7.
Availability & Price
THANK YOU
Jamie James
[email protected]