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7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
INTRODUCTION TO
RENEWABLE HEATING
AND COOLING
Werner Weiss
AEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC)
A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19
AUSTRIA
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Current Situation: Heating and Cooling
The majority of heat is
currently produced in
the EU from imported
and polluting fossil
fuels or from electricity
largely generated by
fossil fuels or nuclear
power.
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING
Solar thermal
Biomass
Geothermal
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC - The sleeping Giant
Heat is the largest energy market in Europe,
larger than electricity and transport.
Over 40% of the EU’s primary energy
consumption is used for heating or cooling
• in buildings
• for domestic hot water supply
• for industrial process heat and
• for heat in the service sector
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC - The sleeping Giant
Final Energy Demand in EU
Transport
31%
Electricity
20%
Heating and
Cooling
49%
Source: EREC, 2006
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies – Solar Heating and Cooling
Solar Thermal Applications
Hot water preparation
Space Heating
Air conditioning and cooling
Industrial process heat
Sea water desalination
Temperature provided: 30 – 80 °C (-250°C)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Development - European Solar Thermal Market
2200
Annually installed capacity in European Countries
1800
1600
Market Data 2006 (est)
1400
Newly installed:
1200
Totally installed: 13 300 MWth = 19.0 Mio m²
2006
1.460
1.110
2004
2005
991
2003
814
2002
680
1999
2001
672
1998
868
641
1997
2000
586
413
1994
491
390
1993
1995
380
1992
286
1990
379
232
1989
0
1991
223
1988
200
240
400
1996
600
1.070
800
Data: ESTIF, 2006: preliminary
2.100
2 100 MWth = 3.0 Mio m²
1000
1987
Solar Thermal Heat Power in MWth
2000
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Achievements – Worldwide 2006
Total capacity in operation [GWel], [GWth] and produced energy [TWh el], [TWh th] 2006
160
144
Total capacity in operation [GW] 2006
140
118
120
heat
Produced Energy [TWh] 2006
power
100
72
80
60
40
20
0
5.5
Solar Thermal Heat
Wind
Geothermal
5.5
Photovoltaic
0.6
1.6
Solar Thermal Power
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Targets – Solar Thermal
Status now:
2020 (ESTIF)
2030 ambitious
13 GW
322 GW
966 GW
19 Mill m²
460 Mill m²
1,380 Mill m²
Long term
2576 GW
3,680 Mill m²
0.04 m²/person
1 m²/person
3 m²/person
8 m²/person
6.8 TWh
184 TWh
552 TWh
1472 TWh
Solar Share of the Total Heating and Cooling Demand (based on 2004):
2020 (ESTIF)
2030 ambitious
Long term
3%
8 – 19%
23 - 50%
(energy conservation measures: 0 – 10%)
(energy conservation measures: 0 – 40%)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Converting Biomass into Heat, Electricity or Fuels
Source: IEA RETD
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Targets - Biomass
Total Biomass
Biomass for heat
Biomass for electricity
Transport fuels
Bioelectricity
Unit
Mtoe
Mtoe
Mtoe
Mtoe
TWh
2000
53
39
13
1
40
2004
72
48
22
2
68
Target 2020
220
120
60
40
180
Source: ACBION, 2007
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Deep Geothermal
Concentrated along active
tectonic plate boundaries where
volcanic activity transports high
temp. material near to the
surface
Heat can be used for electricity
generation as well as for direct
heat use applications.
In Iceland 88% of all households use
geothermal energy directly
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Deep Geothermal
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Shallow Geothermal
Source: IEA RETD
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Technologies - Geothermal
Number of Geothermal heat pumps sold in Germany (units sold)
Source: (EGEC, 2006)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Merit order of REHC options
Temperature is an indication of the
‘value’ of heat as classified by:
-
high (over 250°C)
-
medium (80°C - 250°C)
-
low (below 80°C)
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Merit order of preference
1. Energy efficiency and conservation options in buildings
2. Passive solar heating and cooling building designs
3. Solar thermal (space heating, DHW, cooling…)
4. Geothermal where sufficient resources exist
5. Geothermal heat pumps where possible, preferably powered by
renewable electricity.
6. Biomass in integrated bioenergy systems for cogeneration of
electricity and heat (CHP) where there is a heat demand (and also
the tri-generation of cold).
7. Biomass combustion for heat only production.
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Renewable Obligations and Subsidies
• Obligations for new buildings
• Incentives for the building stock
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
REHC for a Sustainable Energy Future
Renewable heating and cooling can significantly
contribute to:
• Security of energy supply in the EU
• Reducing CO2 emissions
• Reducing emissions that cause urban pollution
• Creating employment/wealth at a decentralised level
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
Further Information
IEA Report: Renewables for Heating and
Cooling
www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/index.asp
Joint Declaration: Renewable Heating and
Cooling
www.estif.org
7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting, Berlin
RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING
To reach the REHC targets, a quick reaction
and adjustment to the situation is needed
Thank you for your
attention