Transcript 21 renewable energies for the XXI century

21 renewable energies
for the XXI century
by
Claude Turmes
MEP, Vice President of EUFORES
21 different renewable technologies
•
•
•
•
Electricity production
Heating and Cooling
Fuel production
Green Hydrogen
…for the XXIst Century!
21 different renewable technologies
• Electricity production
hydro power, biomass, wind,
geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar
thermal electricity, energy from waves,
energy from sea currents, energy from
osmoses, upwind power stations, and
others…
21 different renewable technologies
• Heating and Cooling
passive solar architecture, surplus low
temperature energy from biomass cogeneration, solar collectors for heating and
cooling, geothermal (low temperature),
wood pellets, dried biomass from energy
crops
21 different renewable technologies
• Fuel production
plant oil, bio diesel RME, ethanol,
synthetic fuels from biomass
• Green Hydrogen?
Falling costs for wind energy
0,12
0,11
$1500/kW
offshore
0,1
0,09
$/kWh
0,08
0,07
$1000/kW
0,06
$700/kW
0,05
0,04
0,03
Gas
Coal
Nucl
ear
0,02
6
6,5
7
7,5
8
8,5
9
site mean wind speed at hub hight m/s
Wind energy
Source: EREC, 2005 - European Renewable Energy Council
(http://www.erec-renewables.org/)
Falling costs for PV
70
300
60
250
50
40
150
30
100
20
50
10
20 00
19 96
19 92
19 88
19 84
19 80
0
19 76
0
Source: Solar Generation (Greenpeace – EPIA)
MW shipped
cost ($/Wp)
200
Job creation in the renewable
energy sector is substantial
• Investment replaces payments of
oil, gas and coal imports
• 250.000 jobs already today
Proportion of labour force in the
renewable energy sector by 2010
EU15
United Kingdom
Sweden
Finland
Portugal
Austria
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Italy
Ireland
Advanced Renewable Strategy
France
Current Policies
Spain
Greece
Germany
Denmark
Belgium
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Source: EC Mitre study, (http://mitre.energyprojects.net/)
6%
EU has strong wind energy
potential – onshore and offshore
Source: Shell Renewables, EP 09/05
Source: AquaEnergy Development UK, EP 09/05
Global wave power distribution
Annual average wave energy flux per unit width of wave crest (kilowatts per m)
The share of renewables can grow from
8% in 2005 ►►►20-25% until 2020
• As illustrated in different studies ( European
Commission Forres 2020; Greenpeace
Energy revolution, 2005)
• As called for by a large majority vote in the
EP on 28th September 2005
Multiple benefits of renewables
• Reduce environmental stress (CO2, air
pollution, no nuclear risk)
• Enhance security of supply (ease import
dependency, reduce volatility of energy prices
like oil)
• Create jobs (250.000 today, big potential for
rural areas)
• Increase competitiveness of EU economy
(commercial balance, EU world leader in
renewables)
Systemic approach to energy policies
• Promote Energy Intelligent end uses
demand policies are as important as supply policies
• Appropriate energy densities for heating & cooling
low density energies like exceeding energy from electricity
production or low temperature uses from low temperature
to be preferred before electricity and gas
• As local renewables as possible
local energy production reduces losses in transmission
and transportation and strengthens local economies
Heating and Cooling: a major market
for renewable energies
• Intelligent buildings as a precondition – 40 % of EU energy use is
heating and cooling
• Biomass/geothermal based cogeneration as a tool for large scale
penetration of renewables
• Wood pellets: oil from EU forests
• Solar thermal: the next success story
. Solar cooling: a must for Southern Europe
Intelligent buildings as a precondition:
– 40 % of EU energy use in heating and
cooling
Source: O.Ö. Energiesparverband (http://www.esv.or.at)
Solar-supported, integrated eco-efficient renovation
of large residential buildings and heat-supplysystems
300
250
kWh/m2a
200
-84%
150
100
50
Renewable Energy
Fossile Energy
0
Before
SOLANOVA
Source: Project Solanova, presentation EP 2005
Heating and cooling:
new political initiatives
• Broaden existing EU building directive
• Introduce gradually raising building codes for new
buildings
• New heating and cooling directive with a 2020 target
• R&D technology platform on integrating decentralised
renewables and insulation of buildings
• 2020 targets for CHP (under existing directive)
• Stop subsidies for coal and gas heating and phase out
electricity based heating and cooling
• EU energy Marshall plan for building sector (EIB,
structural funds)
Green electricity: 30% and more
are possible until 2020
• Energy intelligent appliances and electronics as
a precondition for high shares of renewables
• Wind: a European success story
• Ocean energy: the next European success story
• Solar Thermal electricity: a brake-through soon!
• Decentralised Green electricity: more than PV
Electricity: fair market conditions
for renewables
• Choose stable support schemes
• Garantie fair access to grid
• Garantie that integration of renewables into the
grid is a priority for grid operators and that costs
are socialised to all consumers (see historical
precedent)
• Stop market distorsions in favour of coal (C02
allocations) and nuclear (EURATOM,
decommissioning funds)
• Stop market dominance of big and dirty
operators
Ownership-Market Concentration
Renewable electricity:
new political initiatives
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•
•
•
•
Commission has to enforce the existing directive
Fix new targets for Green electricity in 2020
Combine labelling of electricity with public procurement
get new state aid rules right
Re-Regulate electricity market by a third set of directives
(ownership unbundling, segregated decommissioning
funds, diminution of market power)
• Insure a comprehensive gas policy (reducing gas from
building sector, combine gas and wind over next 20
years)
• Coordinate North Sea offshore project between the
relevant countries
Administrative and grid barriers
Administrat DK, FI, DE, AT, BE, UK, FR, GR,
ive
IE, ES, SE, NL, EE
PT, CZ,
LT
PL, SK,
HU, LV, SI
Grid
DK, FI, DE, AT, BE, UK, FR, GR, IE,
ES, SE,
HU
PT, PL, EE,
NL,
SI
LT, CZ, SK,
LV
Source: European Commission - DG TREN, 2005
Comparison of Energy and Nuclear
Research and Development Budgets
100%
90%
80%
890
1076
2951
1042
70%
60%
Other Energy
Nuclear
50%
40%
30%
1336
1352
4753
6th FP
7th FP (proposed)
978
20%
10%
0%
4th FP
5th FP
Source: Cordis and European Commission
Transport: No easy solutions out of
the actual crises
• Stands for 70% of EU oil use & is the fastest
growing emittor of climate related gases
• Efficiency is far lower than in other sectors
– Heating sector: 90%
– Electricity sector: 40%
– Transport sector: 10-12%
• There are no magic solutions (hydrogen, biofuels) but only a fundamental change in transport
structure and behaviour
Raising the transport efficiency
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•
•
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Aviation: the impossible equation
Goods transport: the Swiss model
Urban spurl and transportation needs
Efficiency standards for cars (60gr
CO2/km)
Impact of urban densities on
transport energy demand
Source: Prof. Dr. Hermann Knoflacher –
Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrstechnik, Technische Universität Wien
Source: Pew Center on Global Climate Change
Biomass: the sleeping giant
• Huge potential for biomass use in Europe
• Window of opportunity because of CAP
reform
• Priority should be electricity sector not
transport sector
• Bio-fuel strategy has to be assessed on a
well to wheel bases
• Second generation of bio fuels more
promising!
New initiatives in the transport
sector
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•
•
•
Full pricing of air transport
Swiss model for EU goods transport
Fuel standards for new cars (60 g/km in 2020)
Marshall plan on urban transport (EIB, structural
funds)
• Reshape existing bio fuel directive
• Tax relief for bio fuels until 2020
• R&D on second generation of bio fuel
The XXI century:
the Renewables century
• We have the technologies
• We have the organisational skills
• We have the financial resources
We are in need of a stable investment
climate – responsible politicians should
ACT NOW!