Transcript Ship Thermal Management and Optimisation

IEA Annex 37:
Demonstration of field measurements of heat pump systems in buildings –
Good examples with modern technology
Jenny Love
8th March 2013
What is Annex 37?
“Demonstration of field measurements of heat pump systems in buildings Good examples with modern technology”
UK field trials:
EST phase 2
Swedish field trials
Swiss field trials
Outputs: report, website, recommendations
Introduction to the heat pumps
Site
A
B
C
D
Heat pump type
5 kW GSHP
7.5 kW ASHP
& 3.4 kW
Exhaust-ASHP
8 kW GHSP
6 kW ASHP
Purpose
Space heating and DHW
Heat source
Ground Slinky
Air and
exhaust air
Ground Borehole
Air
Heat sink
Underfloor
heating &
DHW
Underfloor
heating &
DHW
Radiators &
DHW
Radiators &
DHW
Refrigerant
R407C
(except the Exhaust ASHP: R290)
What data do we have: temperature
Measured
variables:
Site
TEMPERATURE:
External air temperature
Ground temperature
Living room temperature
Bedroom temperature
Central heating flow
temperature
Central heating return
temperature
Ground loop flow
temperature
Ground loop return
temperature
A
B
C
D
What data do we have: heat and electricity
Measured
variables:
Site
A
B
C
D
HEAT
Heat to space heating
Heat to DHW
No, but we can
work it out from
other variables
Total heat out of heat pump
ELECTRICITY
Electricity supply to heat pump
Electricity to immersion heater in
the domestic hot water cylinder
Electricity for auxiliary space
heating
Auxiliary heating
was disabled
No auxiliary
heating separate
to any provided
by the heat pump
itself
No auxiliary
heating separate
to any provided
by the heat pump
itself
Electricity to compressor
Electricity to pump on ground loop
side
Electricity to pump on house side
No, so we take the difference between electricity to heat pump and
electricity to compressor and assume a 90% : 10% attribution between the
ground loop and central heating pumps respectively.
What heat was being used for
4
2.5
x 10
Heat to central heating and DHW for each site over the monitoring period
Space heating
DHW
Heat output, kWh
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Site 416
A
Site 418
B
Site 421
C
Site 422
D
Performance metrics
- Seasonal Performance Factors (SPFs)
- Energy, CO2 and running cost savings
compared to other heating technologies
SPF3
Performance metric 1: Seasonal performance factor (e.g. SPF3)
SEPEMO definition:
SPF3 =
heat to central heating + heat to DHW + auxiliary elec
compressor elec + groundloop elec or fan elec + auxiliary elec
Site
A
B
C
D
SPF3
3.91
3.67
3.44
3.30
Monthly average SPF3
3
2
1
Monthly average SPF3
4
0
Fe
b2
0
M 11
ar
20
11
A
pr
20
11
M
ay
20
1
Ju 1
n2
01
Ju 1
l2
01
1
A
ug
20
11
Se
p2
01
1
O
ct
20
11
N
ov
20
11
D
ec
20
1
Ja 1
n2
01
2
Fe
b2
01
2
M
ar
20
12
Ja
n2
01
2
Fe
b2
01
2
M
ar
20
12
Ju
n2
01
1
Ju
l2
01
1
A
ug
20
11
Se
p2
01
1
O
ct
20
11
N
ov
20
11
D
ec
20
11
6
Site
B site 418
Monthly
SPF3,
6
5
5
M
ar
20
12
0
Fe
b2
01
2
1
Ja
n2
01
2
Site A
De
c2
01
1
Monthly SPF3, site 416
No
v2
01
1
2
O
ct
20
11
3
01
1
4
Monthly average SPF3
5
p2
Monthly average SPF3
6
Se
Au
g2
01
1
Ja
n2
01
2
Fe
b2
01
2
M
ar
20
12
Ju
l2
01
1
A
ug
20
11
Se
p2
01
1
O
ct
20
11
N
ov
20
11
D
ec
20
11
Ju
n2
01
1
SPF3: Monthly timeseries
6
Monthly SPF3, site 421
Site C
5
4
3
2
1
0
GSHPs
ASHPs
Monthly SPF3, site 422
Site D
4
3
2
1
0
Central heating flow (blue) and return (green) temperatures, site A
Daily central heating flow and return temperature against external temperature, filtered, site 416
50
Central heating flow and return temperatures, degrees C
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
0
5
10
External Temperature, degrees C
15
20
Monthly external temperature
Monthly external temperatures with standard deviations, site 416
20
18
16
External Temperature, degrees C
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
M
ar
20
12
Fe
b2
01
2
Ja
n2
01
2
D
ec
20
11
Month
N
ov
20
11
01
1
ct
2
O
S
ep
20
11
A
ug
20
11
Ju
l2
01
1
Ju
n2
01
1
0
SPF3: Daily against external temperature
SPF3 – daily averages against external temperature
Site A
Siteexternal
C
Daily average SPF3 against
temperature , site 421
Daily average SPF3 against external temperature , site 416
6
6
5
4
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3
5
3
2
1
0
-5
0
5
10
15
2
20
0
-5
0
GSHPs
Site B
Daily average SPF3 against external temperature , site 418
ASHPs
6
6
5
5
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3
3
1
Daily average external T, degrees C
4
3
2
1
0
-5
4
5
10
15
20
Daily average external T, degrees C
Site D
Daily average SPF3 against external temperature , site 422
4
3
2
1
0
5
10
Daily average external T, degrees C
15
20
0
-5
0
5
10
Daily average external T, degrees C
15
20
SPF3 - Daily against external T – split into space heating and DHW
Site A
Site C separated from DHW, site 421
Daily average SPF3 for space heating
6
6
Daily average SPF3
7
5
4
3
2
0
-5
0
5
10
15
Daily average external T, degrees C
B temperature , site 418
Daily average SPF3 against Site
external
6
20
4
3
2
0
-5
GSHPs
0
5
10
15
20
Daily average external T, degrees C
Site D separated from DHW, site 422
Daily average SPF3 for space heating
ASHPs
6
5
5
4
3
2
4
3
2
1
1
0
-5
5
1
1
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3 for space heating separated from DHW, site 416
7
0
5
10
Daily average external T, degrees C
15
20
0
-5
0
5
10
Daily average external T, degrees C
15
20
So far…
2 observations
1. DHW production has a lower SPF3 than space heating
2. The ASHPs’ performance drops off at T(ext) > 10°C
DO THESE THINGS MATTER?
1. SPF3 of DHW lower than that of space heating
4
2.5
x 10
Heat to central heating and DHW for each site over the monitoring period
Space heating
DHW
Heat output, kWh
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Site 416
A
Site 418
B
Site 421
C
Site 422
D
2. SPF3 of space heating dropping after 10 degrees outside
Site D
Daily average SPF3 for space heating separated from DHW, site 422
6
5
5
Daily average SPF3
Daily average SPF3
Site B temperature , site 418
Daily average SPF3 against external
6
4
3
2
1
0
-5
4
3
2
1
0
5
10
15
Daily average external T, degrees C
20
0
-5
0
5
10
15
Daily average external T, degrees C
15%
25%
20
Savings:
- Energy
- CO2
- Running costs
Performance metric 2: Savings – energy use
Energy use, site A
4
2
x 10
Space heating
DHW
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Space heating
DHW
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
x 10
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Energy use, site D
18000
Space heating
DHW
16000
CO2consumption,
emissions, kgCO2
Kwh
Energy
2.5
Gas combi boiler
x 10
Energy use, site B
4
3
CO2
emissions, kgCO2
Kwh
consumption,
Energy
1.8
CO2consumption,
emissions, kgCO2
Kwh
Energy
Kwh
Energy
CO2 consumption,
emissions, kgCO2
1.8
Energy use, site C
4
2
Space heating
DHW
14000
2
12000
10000
1.5
1
0.5
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Performance metric 2: Savings – CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions, site A
CO2 emissions, site C
10000
Space heating
DHW
9000
8000
CO2 emissions, kgCO2
CO2 emissions, kgCO2
9000
10000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
0
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Space heating
DHW
CO2 emissions, kgCO2
8000
10000
8000
6000
4000
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
9000
14000
CO2 emissions, kgCO2
Heat pump
CO2 emissions, site D
CO2 emissions, site B
12000
Space heating
DHW
Space heating
DHW
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
2000
1000
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Performance metric 2: Savings - running cost
Site A
Site C
Overall (hot water and space heating) running costs over the monitoring
period by different heating technologies, site 416
Overall (space heating and hot water) running costs over the monitoring
period by different heating technologies, site 421
1200
Space heating
DHW
1000
Cost, £/monitoring period
Cost, £/monitoring period
1000
1200
800
600
400
200
0
Space heating
DHW
800
600
400
200
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
0
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Heat pump
Overall running costs over the monitoring
period by different heating technologies, site 418
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Overall (space heating and hot water) running costs over the monitoring
period by different heating technologies, site 422
Site B
Site D
1800
1600
Gas condensing boiler
1200
Space heating
1000
Space heating
DHW
Cost, £/monitoring period
Cost, £/monitoring period
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
600
400
200
200
0
800
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler
Electric storage heater
0
Heat pump
Gas condensing boiler
Gas combi boiler
Oil condensing boiler Electric storage heater
Conclusions from UK contribution to IEA Annex 37
About performance: SPF3
About space heating
About water heating
About performance: Savings
About unknowns…
What was found in the other countries in Annex 37?
SPF3 against external temperature
Weekly SPF 3
Weekly SPF 3
SPF3 against external temperature
Mean external temperature, °C
Mean external temperature, °C
Nicolas Piezel,
Fabrice Rognon,
Stephanie Perret
How was a SPF3 of 4.7 achieved?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brine/water HP
Year of installation: 2003
Heating and hot water
Heat source: 2 boreholes
Floor heating system
Floor heating temperature settings:
30/25°C (for outside temperature of 8°C)
• Hot water temperature settings:
57/52°C
• Refrigerant: R407c
• Heating system 100% HP
How was a SPF3 of 4.7 achieved?
From a vertical borehole, off-the-shelf heat pump, but
supply temperature = 30 degrees only. Therefore you
need a very well-insulated building.
- Very good performance (SPF3 > 4.5) not impossible in
Britain…
Thank you
Any questions?
[email protected]
Other information
Site
A
B
C
D
Monitoring period
15/06/2011 –
31/03/2012
01/03/2011 –
31/03/2012
09/02/2011 –
31/03/2012
22/02/2011 –
31/03/2012
Site A
Site B
Site C
Site D
Estimate of
heat demand
(from degree
day
calculation),
kWh
10,378
13,191
19,983
8,816
Heat delivered
to space
heating, kWh
10,444
20,788
12,784
9,146
Space heating
SPF3
4.54
3.67
3.55
3.55
Heat delivered
to DHW, kWh
3,877
-
1,864
3,902
DHW SPF3
2.76
-
2.53
2.20
Total heat
delivered,
kWh
14,253
20,788
14,648
13,318
SPF3
3.91
3.67
3.44
3.30
Backup heating, site D
Daily electric immersion use, Wh
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-5
0
5
10
15
External Temperature, degrees C
20