Transcript Fuel Economy and NOx in the Field

Improving Heavy Truck Fuel
Consumption
International Workshop of the Use of Wide Base Tires
October 25, 2007
Cheryl L. Bynum
U.S.EPA
SmartWay Transport Partnership
SmartWay Transport Partnership
Background
• The SmartWay™ Transport Partnership is a collaboration
between EPA, industry and other stakeholders, to
accelerate deployment of cleaner, more efficient
transportation options
– Market-based incentives & recognition
– Technical tools and information
• Launched in February, 2004
• By 2012 the program aims to save between 3.3 and 6.6
billion gallons of diesel fuel per year which translates to
eliminating between 33 - 66 million metric tons of CO2
emissions and up to 200,000 tons of NOx emissions per
year
Elements of SmartWay Program
1. Reduce unnecessary long-duration truck and rail idling
2. Establish business-to-business incentives for fuel-efficient
transportation through corporate partnerships
3. Identify and promote the most fuel-efficient trucks and
equipment
4. Provide access to capital for smaller fleets & owner-operators
5. Disseminate information through events, web site,
newsletters, and marketing in mass and trade media
6. Encourage the use of renewable fuels (E85, biodiesel) by
providing information, quantifying benefits, and promoting
quality-assurance efforts
7. Extend collaboration geographically and throughout the
supply chain
SmartWay Program Results
After just 3 years, the SmartWay Program with its
many effective strategies for overcoming deployment
challenges has achieved the following
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631 partners
671M fewer gallons fuel
7M tons less CO2
30K tons less NOx
824 tons less PM
Technology Program Goals
• Demonstrate fuel-saving potential of
various heavy-duty truck designs and
equipment
• Explore whether there is an associated
reduction in pollutants
• Designate the cleanest, most fuel-efficient
heavy-duty trucks as “SmartWay”
• Develop test methods, as needed
Our Goal: Reduce emissions while
increasing fuel economy
EPA SmartWay tests
• Phase I (2004-2005)
– ROVER PEMS
– Mack cooled EGR engine & 2004 emission standards
– Single wide tires (2 types), aluminum wheels, trailer
aerodynamic fairings (front, side (2 types), rear)
• Phase II (2005-2006)
– SEMTECH-D PEMS and portable fuel tank
– Kenworth T600 with 2004 CAT ACERT engine and
Freightliner FLD120 with 2000 DDC-60 engine
– Single wide tires (2 types), aluminum wheels, trailer
aerodynamic fairings (front, side (2 types), rear (2
types))
Test Method
• SAE J1321 (Joint TMC/SAE Fuel Consumption Test
Procedure Type II)
– Tests Control (C) and Test (T) truck
• Compares T:C ratio at baseline and under test conditions
• Obtains percent change due to component being tested.
• Both sets of trucks were paired were identical in MY, engine model,
drive train components, emission controls, rated HP, engine
displacement & manufacturer
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Fuel Consumption (gravimetric, J1321)
Fuel Consumption (from carbon balance, J1094a)
NOx Emissions from exhaust gas analyzers
Tested single wide tires with aluminum wheels and aerodynamic
fairings (side, front, rear) on trailer
– Four different drive cycles
– 115 total test runs
Drive cycles used in test program
TEST TRACK: 8-mile oval
Conducted by SwRI at the Continental General
Proving Grounds in Uvalde, TX
Technologies Tested
Single wide tires
Trailer fairings
(composite belly fairing
shown)
More fairing types tested:
Gap Reducer
Inflatable Boat-tail
Aluminum belly fairing
Folding Boat Tail
Results
• Results confirmed significant (10% or higher) per-mile reductions in fuel
consumption and NOx emissions during highway-type operation
– Trailer retrofits account for about 6-7% fuel savings
– Single wide tires account for about 3-4% fuel savings
– Higher savings from tires may be possible – baseline test tires were lower
rr than the most popular brands of line haul drive and trailer truck tires
• EPA and co-authors (SwRI, Sensors) wrote three SAE papers
– Available on EPA SmartWay web site for technical publications:
– http://epa.gov/smartway/swresources.htm
• EPA drafted SIP guidance for States to use fuel-saving truck retrofits to
meet air quality standards
– Available on EPA web site for SIP and Conformity guidance:
– http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/transconf/policy/420b07004.pdf
• EPA developed a design specification for a “SmartWay” designation for
OTR tractor-trailers
– Used results of testing, other data and research
– To date, all class 8 truck OEs have at least one SmartWay model and 3
major trailer OEs have SmartWay trailers
– Tire options include single wides and other low rr tires
Looking Toward Future –
Test Method for SmartWay
• EPA is collaborating with wide range of
stakeholders to develop a test method to test
medium- and heavy-duty truck fuel consumption
– Plan is to offer both a test track and a chassis
dynamometer option
• When test method is finalized, it would be used
to designate next generation of SmartWay trucks
• Plan to have a draft document for external
review late this year/early 2008
Looking Toward Future, con’t.
• EPA would like to be able to offer a modeling option to
augment testing
– For changing components like tires to a tested truck
• EPA is closely following the ISO 28580 tire rolling
resistance standard development
– Test could provide a benchmark for determining the tire
performance requirement for future SmartWay truck
designations and as an input for dynamic vehicle modeling
• EPA is also closely following current state of research
on tire-pavement interaction
• EPA SmartWay is collaborating with its “sister”
programs in Canada and Mexico, to encourage them
to consider single wide (and other low rolling
resistance) tires in their truck fuel efficiency efforts
Questions?
Thank You!
Cheryl L. Bynum
US EPA SmartWay
[email protected]
734-214-4844