Transcript GM Diesel Technology

GM Diesel
Technology
Charles E. Freese V
Executive Director, Diesel Engineering
General Motors Corporation
GM’s Long Term Vision
Remove the automobile
from the energy and
environmental equation
Advanced Propulsion Technology
Strategy
Reduced
Vehicle
Emissions
and
Increased
Vehicle Fuel
Economy
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell
Hybrid Electric
Vehicles
Incremental
Internal Combustion
Engine and Transmission
Improvements
Near-Term
Hydrogen Infrastructure
Mid-Term
Long-Term
The Propulsion Application Map
(High Load)
Cycle
Stop-and-Go
Duty
Commercial
Drive Cycle
(City)
Consumer
(Light load)
Continuous
(Highway)
The Propulsion Application Map
Commercial
Drive Cycle
(City)
City Car
(Gas Hybrid)
Cycle
Stop-and-Go
Heavy Duty
Pickup Truck
Duty
Diesel Hybrid
Bus
(High Load)
Commuter
Car
Consumer
(Light load)
Over the Road
Truck
Continuous
(Highway)
Non-towing Highway
Gas Car & SUV
Diesel Powertrain Market Today
• Globally
– Medium and heavy duty vehicles (Class 4-8 vehicles)
• European
– Penetration rates in light-duty cars approaching 50 percent
• Asia-Pacific (Korea, India and potentially China are
growing markets)
– Strong diesel bias in Korean SUV market (over 90% diesel)
• North America
– Heavy duty pick-up trucks for towing and hauling
Why Use Diesels?
• Heavy duty towing and hauling
• Fuel economy improvement objectives
– Positive influence on CO2 and fuel economy
• Improve vehicle performance with lower
displacement engine
– Fun to drive
• Achieve benefit of tax incentives in European
markets
Challenges to North American
Light-Duty Diesel Market
Economic Model – Diesel Break-Even
Point
Vehicle Mileage, miles
Comparison
U.S. & to
Europe
Vehicle between
Mileage Required
Recover Diesel Engine Cost
500,000
35 MPG
30 MPG
North America
Gas=Diesel=$1.50/Gal
25 MPG
400,000
20 MPG
300,000
Gas=15 MPG
200,000
Gas=35 MPG
30
25
20
15
100,000
0
Europe
Gas=$3.50/Gal
Diesel=$2.75/Gal
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Initial Purchase Price, U.S. $
5000
Chart Assumptions: 20,000 Annual vehicle miles
Diesel Fuel Economy Advantage: Europe 30%, Bin 5 North America
25%
6% Annual Financing Rate Available
Europe and U.S. Tier 2 FTP-75 Emissions
Standard
Bin 10
Bin 8
Bin 5
Bin 4
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
(TBD)
PM (g/mile)
PM (g/km)
Light-Duty
0.06 0.10
0.09
PM
0.080 g/mile
0.020 g/mile
0.010 g/mile
0.010 g/mile
0.050 g/km
0.025 g/km
0.0025-0.010 g/km
Euro 3
Bin 10
0.05 0.08
0.04
NOx
0.60 g/mile
0.20 g/mile
0.07 g/mile
0.04 g/mile
0.50 g/km
0.25 g/km
0.08-0.20 g/km
0.07
0.06
0.03 0.05
Euro 4
0.04
0.02 0.03
Bin 8
0.01Bin 5 0.2
Euro 5 (TBD)
0.01 0.02
0
0.3
0.1
Emission
(g/mile)
0.2
=
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.3
Emission Index
(g/kg fuel)
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.5
X
0.9
1.0
NOx (g/mile)
0.6
NOx (g/km)
Fuel Consumption
(kg fuel/mile)
Offsetting Diesel NOx Emissions – Tier
2
Bin 4 offset
1 - Bin 8
Diesel
0.20g NOx/mile
0.04 NOx 0.04 NOx
0.04 NOx 0.04 NOx
Diesel penetration
4.33 - Bin 4 Gas
to Offset
0.07 NOx Fleet
2008 MY +
Moving to a lower bin adds
incremental cost to gasoline off-set
vehicles
Aftertreatment Systems
Balancing the requirements of FTP with US06
Typical Thermal
Operating “Windows”
100
Light Duty
Diesel US06
Catalyst Temps
Light Duty
Diesel FTP
Catalyst Temps
80
60
SCR Effective
Range
40
LNT Effective Range
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Catalyst Operating Temperature (degrees C)
600
Diesel Engine
Enabling Technology Development
Advanced
Controls
Enhanced
EGR Cooling
Advanced
Boost
Configuration
s
Advanced
EGR Systems
Reduced
Compression
Ratio
VVT / VVA
PCCI
Pre-Mixed
Charge
Comb.
HCCI
Homogeneou
s
Combustion
Low Temp /
Low Soot
Combustion
DPF, SCR & LNT
Aftertreatment
Summary
• Portfolio approach is required for advanced
•
•
•
powertrain strategies
To compete globally, diesels will be a critical
component of the powertrain portfolio
Emission regulations, fuel price, taxation based
on engine displacement and fuel consumption
largely dictate markets where diesels are
popular today
Diesel technology advancements over past 15
years have radically changed public perception
of diesels
Summary
Market Factors in North America
• GM continues to apply North American diesel
engines where they maximize customer benefits:
– Larger vehicles
– Towing and hauling utility applications
• U.S. market has benefited from diesel technology
• Growing market share of diesel vehicles in the fullsize truck segment implies improved U.S. consumer
acceptance of diesel powered vehicles
• Must address North American NOx standards (one
sixth that of Europe) at an acceptable cost
GM Diesel
Technology
Charles E. Freese V
Executive Director, Diesel
Engineering
General Motors Corporation