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Overview of EMCDDA’s Scientific Work Paul Griffiths, Roland Simon – Scientific committee Meeting, February 2008 Objective of this presentation • Provide you with a overview of the scientific work at the EMCDDA so that we share a common understanding of how we have got to this particular point in our development, and why our current work programme looks like it does • Apologies to those who know us well already… More concretely • Historical, structural & external factors that shape our work • Organisation & working practices • Overview of current areas of work • Show how these are manifest in the current 3 year and 2008 Work programmes • Overview a few of the forthcoming outputs that may be of interest First… a few things to remember that are obvious but easy to forget… • We work at the European level • We are not a research institute • We work at the interface between policy, practice, and science which can be a difficult place to be! • As an information centre our credibility is dependent on produce independent, methodologically sound and scientifically rigorous analysis • Scientific Committee is likely to play an increasingly important role in ensuring this Historical, structural & external factors shaping our work – the context Historical • Information collection ongoing for around 12 years during this period emphasis has been on capacity building, instrument development and standardisation • Developed based at first on existing areas of work & reflected concerns of the day • Move from externalised to internalised activities • Move from epidemiology to interventions • Move from demand to supply Structural & external factors • Founding regulation basis for work • Commitment to annual reporting • Recast to regulation in 2007 gave more emphasis • New trends • Identification and dissemination of best practice • Poly-drug use including combined use licit & illicit substances • Supply information has always been collected but need to scaleup activities • EU – drug strategy and action plan(s) have become increasingly important • EU Enlargement remains an important factor EMCDDA’s contribution to current Action Plan (2005-2008) • Ongoing work of EMCDDA informs assessment drug situation • Drafting of thematic papers (coordination, drug demand reduction and information/research/evaluation) • Preparation of a snapshot on the drug situation in the EU 2004-2008 • Helped to define the assessment tools/indicators for the Action Plan Challenges of working in a growing family • Currently reporting • All EU member states • Norway by special arrangement • Candidate countries - Croatia & Turkey • The Russian Federation and Ukraine have growing interest in EMCDDA work • The needs of countries and reporting ability varies considerably • Quality control and the analysis of data can raise political as well as scientific issues Organisation of the work In-house structure Director Reitox and international cooperation Scientific Coordination Epidemiology, crime and markets Interventions, law and policies Scientific partners and documentation Communication ICT Administration In-house structure Director Reitox and international cooperation Scientific Coordination Epidemiology, crime and markets Interventions, law and policies Scientific partners and documentation Communication ICT Administration In-house structure Director Reitox and international cooperation Scientific Coordination EPI RES Scientific partners and documentation Communication ICT Administration Resources - scientific staff – EPI / RES • Two Head of Units • 24 Scientific analysts coming from sociology, psychology, medicine, law, economics, biology … • 6 Data managers / project assistance • 4 Secretaries • Occasional stagiaires etc... Data Collection • Annual reporting exercise • Main data provider is the network of national focal points (Reitox) • Common methods and reporting tools (in online interface) • National reports (contextual & text based) • Standard tables (quantitative data – reporting cycle annual) • Structured questionnaires (more qualitative / reporting cycle more flexible) • Supported by standing technical working groups, ad hoc meetings and studies The Units • EPI • RES Current areas of interest • Drug situation • Patterns and scale of use • Public health impact • Crime and Interdiction statistics • Drug Market information • Price • Purity • Identification new trends & threats • Policies developments • Legal developments • Responses • Prevention • Treatment • Harm reduction • Supply reduction • Interdiction practice • Economic modelling Challenges • • • • • More heterogeneous drug situation Improved classification of drug use patterns More integrated approach to treatment Integration of supply and demand data Improving the timeliness of our data Monitoring tools - Epidemiology • 5 key indicators (politically endorsed in EUAP) • • • • • Prevalence & patterns of drug use Prevalence & patterns of problem drug use Drug-related infectious diseases (HIV, HCV, HBV) Drug-related deaths and mortality of drug users Demand for drug treatment • Core data • Drug law offences and market information • Youth prevalence and patterns of drug use + ESPAD • Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs EWS ES (2005/06) IT (2005) UK (E&W) (2005/06) FR (2005) CZ (2004) LU (1998) AT (2004) DE (2003) NL (2005) BE (2004) IE (2002/03) DK (2005) PT (2001) NO (2004) LV (2003) SK (2004) FI (2004) CY (2006) HU (2003) EE (2003) PL (2002) EL (2004) 16% BG (2005) 18% LT (2004) SE (2006) LMP of cannabis among 15-64, 15-34, 15-24 20% All adults Young adults (15-34 y.) Younger adults (15 to 24 y.) 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% % Estimated number of new clients entering treatment by primary drug used 90000 80000 number 70000 60000 Heroin 50000 Cocaine Cannabis 40000 Other Stimulants 30000 Other drugs 20000 10000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Indexed trends in reports for drug law offences in EU MS 2000-2005 180 162 147 140 136 All reports 100 Cannabis 85 Heroin Cocaine 60 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Monitoring tools – Strategies, laws and responses • Support for EU strategy and Action plan on drugs and cooperation at the European level • Monitoring laws, policies and strategies • Relevant to transversal analyse: cost studies, policy evaluation… • Responses • Prevention • Treatment • Harm Reduction • Identification and dissemination of best practice Year of introduction of MMT and HDB treatment in 26 EU MS and Norway Cumulative number of countries providing MMT and HDBT 30 25 20 Methadone maintenance high dosage buprenorphine 15 10 5 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Estimated number of clients receiving opioid substitution treatment in EU-15, 1993-2005 700000 45% of problem opiate user in EU Clients in substitution 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 1993 1995 1997/1998 2001/2002 2003 2005 EMCDDA – best practices - the portal • The EMCDDA is developing a best practices portal • will provide an overview on the latest evidence on the effectiveness of interventions (prevention, treatment, social reintegration, harm reduction) • present tools and standards aimed at improving the quality of interventions • highlight best-practice examples from the field • Primarily aimed at professionals, policy-makers and researchers • Collaboration: Cochrane, SANCO, UNODC The Work Programme Triennial and annual work plans • Three year work-plan and strategy (2006-2009) is implemented through three annual work plans • The Scientific Committee provides the MB with an opinion on triennial and annual work- plans The 3 Year Work programme - priorities • Consolidate monitoring and reporting activities • Enhancing analysis of data • Communicate effectively with target audiences • rationalisation and review reporting tools • focus given to core reporting areas • Improved tools (Fonte) • More emphasis on technical assistance quality control & standards The 3 Year Work programme - priorities • Consolidate monitoring and reporting activities • Enhancing analysis of data • Communicate effectively with target audiences • Moving beyond simple description • Better exploitation of historical data • More transversal analysis • Better integration with scientific literature and research The 3 Year Work programme - priorities • Consolidate monitoring and reporting activities • Enhancing analysis of data • Communicate effectively with target audiences • New communications strategy • Better demarcation of products • More output focussed • More emphasis given to scientific publishing 2008 Work Programme Breaks down the 3-year programme into annual activities and products, e.g. • Analysis of trends: long- and medium-term trends in drug use in Europe (evaluation of the EUAP, UNGASS evaluation) • Increase emphasis on best practice and analysis of the extent to which European responses meet estimated needs • Developing a strategy for supply • Treatment and poly-drugs use working group 2008 Work Programme EMCDDA Scientific Monograph • Release of the Cannabis monograph • Preparatory work on Harm reduction Monograph EMCDDA Manuals • Update of KI protocols: TDI, DRD Drug profiles • Benzodiazepines, Piperazines…. EMCDDA Insights • Assessing illicit drug use in wastewater Drugs in focus – policy briefings • Drug use and old age – a new problem • Cocaine and heroin trafficking in Europe… In summary The 3 year WP and 2008 WP are intended to meet the needs: • • • • To consolidate and rationalise the data collection process To use and analyse the information collected more efficiently To improve the monitoring of new developments To continue developing new areas: • supply issues • economic analysis • best practices • cross indicator analysis, etc... • To better tailor EMCDDA products to different audiences • To further improve collaboration with scientific community • To continue and reinforce international and technical cooperation Concluding remarks What we would like to get from this ScC …