Sketches and Working Drawings

• Sketches are freehand drawings of an object for a project done in order to get the idea down on paper.

– Sketches are not usually drawn to scale.

– Neatly drawn sketches with fairly accurate dimensions are usually sufficient for simple projects.

– Sketches of larger and more complicated projects can serve as the basis for accurate working drawings.

• Working drawings are complete drawings done in universal graphic language so that the object depicted can be constructed from the drawing alone without additional information.

– Dimensions - Working drawings use lines scaled to the dimensions of the actual objects.

– Views - Working drawings show specific views of an object with enough detail to enable project construction.` • Most working drawings show three separate sides of an object from three flat, head-on views.

• Pictorial drawings show three sides of an object together in one view.

About Building Plans

• Are like maps • Provide important information – Dimension – Direction – Heights • Have standard symbols & signs • Drawn to scale • Give different views & sections

Building Plans Have:

• Position of boundary pegs • Boundary lines • Building lines • Walls & fixtures • Heights – Pegs – Natural ground level (NGL) – Finished ground level (FGL) – Finished floor level (FFL) – Walls & fixtures • Cardinal direction • Plot number • Other specific information

Drawing to Scale

• Scale drawing permits the size of the object to be reduced proportionally in order for it to be drawn on the size of paper chosen.

• Common scales of a drawing may be 1mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, to represent one metre. For example, 10mm = 1 metre.

• A scale rule is the most common type of scale used for drawing scale projects.

– Its main divisions at the end of the scale, which are in centimetres or millimetres, represent one metre.

– The divisions may be subdivided into smaller parts

• Standard scale is – 1 : 100 • Sometimes – 1 : 50 • Site Plans often – 1 : 500

Scale:

Let’s balance things out

Types of Lines Used in Drawings

a. Border line: a heavy, solid line drawn parallel to the edge of the drawing paper.

b. Object line: a solid line representing the visible edges and form of an object.

c. Hidden line: a series of dashes which indicate the presence of hidden edges.

d. Dimension line: a solid line with arrowheads at both ends to indicate the length, width, or height of an object.

e. Extension line: a solid line indicating the exact area specified by a dimension.

f. Break line: a solid, zigzag line which indicates that part of the object being drawn is not fully illustrated or has been left out.

g. Center line: a long-short-long line used to depict the center of a round object.

h. Leader line: a solid line with an arrow pointing from an explanatory note to a specific feature of an object.

Basic Symbols - Walls

Windows

Doors

Showers

Kitchen Sink

STANDARD SIZES 900mm, 1200mm, 1500mm, 1800mm, 2100 mm

Basin

Toilet

NGL

NORTH ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

EAST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

WEST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL

NGL

NORTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

EAST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

WEST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL

NGL

NORTH ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

EAST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

WEST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

NGL

NGL

NORTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

EAST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

WEST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL

Elevations

NGL

NORTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

EAST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL

WEST ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

NGL

Floor plan for 6 boys and 6 girls toilets

Cross Section AA

Compiled & developed by

V Govindsamy