Transcript PhD research report

Development Methodology for an
Integrated Legal Cadastre
Report on PhD Research
GISt lunch meeting
João Paulo Hespanha
2007-09-06
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OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Overview
• Background (introducing myself)
• Former graduations
• Professional life
• Academia – lecturing and projects
• PhD Research
• Research context – Portuguese Cadastre
• Aim and Research Questions
• Subject Areas – State of the Art
• Current status
• Short and medium term schedule
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Researcher’s academic ID card
• Licenciatura ( BSc): geological engineering, specialization on
geophysical prospection, at University of Aveiro, Portugal (19831988);
• Participation, as junior researcher, in EU-funded Projects:
Photogeological interpretation of Ria de Aveiro intertidal area; Map
production for the National Geological Map Series (1989-1990);
• MSc course: Integrated Geoinformation Production, at ITCEnschede (1991-1992). Master thesis on “Data quality assessment
on a Geographic Information System”.
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Professional Life
• As a technician of UNAVE – Training and Research
Association of University of Aveiro (1993-1997):
• Participation on the first digital topographic and
cadastral mapping projects open to private
companies;
• Lectured a number of short and long duration
training courses in the field of GIS technology;
• Participation on a number of EU-funded
international research projects in the field of GIS
applications development, with partners from
academia and private enterprises (PT, ES, GR).
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OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Academia – Lecturing and Projects
• Since 1998 is a staff member of Technology and
Management Polytechnic School of Agueda – Adjunct
Professor position
• Has been responsible for a number of disciplines of
the Geographical Engineering BSc (from its
inception);
• Currently responsible for the Property Cadastre
Project and associated disciplines – after adoption
of PLE1, Aalborg style;
• Following Bologna reform, the new course
curriculum is more focused on Business Informatics.
1- Project Led Education
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PhD research context
• Portuguese Cadastre – current projects
• Land Register Information System (SIRP):
informatics is being progressively adopted at land
register offices “Conservatorias”; newly created
records are stored at a central government
database. There are no geometric records within
this database;
• SINErGIC Project: led by the Portuguese
Geographical Institute, officially responsible for the
Cadastre. Aims at developing a national information
system for the cadastre, involving IGP, the Land
Register, the tax national agency (DGI) and
Municipalities.
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Portuguese Cadastral Situation
• First generation digital cadastre:
• It only covers five municipalities in the Continent,
and never reached full legal status. The data
structure evolved from separate alphanumeric and
graphic components to GIS-platform
implementations, but was never maintained.
• Digitizing the (old) rural cadastre:
• The rural property cadastre covers the southern half
of the territory and has a fiscal purpose. Graphic
data is being digitized and integrated in the GISplatform. This data set is now mostly outdated;
cadastral renewal operations should update it to the
new cadastral structure.
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Cadastral Maps - example
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Cadastral Maps – example (2)
Intense fragmentation
on a Forest area. Parcel
on the left upper corner
is possibly state-owned.
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Cadastral Maps – examples (3)
Cadastral coverage
within each regional
office of IGP
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Portuguese Land Register situation
• Coverage:
There are hundreds of offices distributed all over the country, at least
one by municipality. Due to its non-mandatory character, in Rural
areas just 20% of the Parcels are registered, while in dense urban
centers the majority of Parcel (Units) are registered.
• Obligation to register:
Up to the 1984 code revision, obligation to register was applied just to
very specific cases, like a mortgage. After that, any property
transaction involving costs should be registered. However, in
municipalities with the rural cadastre, a full obligation has been
imposed since earlier times.
• Provisional D.L. 224/2007 situation:
The 1984 code guidelines are maintained. Any Parcel which is not
harmonized with the legal and fiscal register is considered “transitory
cadastre”. Not to confound with non-cadastral area.
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Thesis Aim and Context
• Thesis Aim:
Propose a Cadastral System Development Methodology capable to
achieve an effective and efficient legal cadastre as a core to support
other main functions of the Cadastral System, namely Valuation (for
Tax purposes) and issuing of Permits (by the Municipalities).
• Pre-requisites (context):
Main institutions involved are already in place, while not achieving good
performance in the cadastral function. Specifically, we have:
• A Land Register Code supported on a Civil Code and traditional Rights in
Rem, derived from Roman Law;
• Cadastral surveying regulations being updated regularly;
• A Valuation regulation annexed to the Tax on Immovable Code;
• Law regimes for Urbanization and Building which are applied locally (by
the Municipalities).
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Research questions
• Main (tentative):
How can a system development methodology achieve an
integrated legal cadastre, while addressing its socio-technical
nature, and thus the interrelations between the technical,
legal and organisational aspects?
• Assumptions:
• The system development methodology should rely heavily on
existent modelling and spatial data exchange international
standards;
• The integrated legal cadastre should be able to support the
functions identified in the thesis aim, which coincide with the
SINErGIC vision.
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Research questions - detailed
• How to implement an enriched semantic model
(through spatial and aspatial constraints and spatial
profiles) on current SDBMS?
• Furthermore, how can this enriched model support
integrated update procedures in an Editor
environment?
• What type of consistency checks should be
implemented on such model?
• Which methodological steps should be taken to cope
with new land related rights and regulations?
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Thesis subject areas
• (Geo) Informatics:
• Information theory and System Development Methodologies;
• OO programming and modelling languages;
• Geographic information technology and standards, including
cadastral survey and mapping;
• Spatial data base management systems;
• Web services and the Semantic Web;
• Private Law:
• Legal doctrine related to real rights;
• Land Register code and related legal procedures;
• Public Administration:
• Public Law and legal regimes related to local government
functions on Land Administration.
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State-of-the-Art
(considering just the technical aspects)
• Model Driven Architecture as foundation to support
implementation using CASE tools, considering the following
technical aspects:
• DDL and OCL definition languages;
• Spatial-enabled UML Profiles based on existent standards
(ISO, GML, Inspire);
• Use of current Spatial Databases to implement model components
through standard interchange formats (GML, XSD, XMI);
• Implementing Web Services (using e.g., asp.net or higher level
environments like ArcGIS WebADF).
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Current Status
• Literature review
Research articles, PhD and MSc dissertations, conference
presentations (mainly in digital format) were gathered on the
subject areas already referred;
Portuguese documentation regarding Land Registration and
Cadastre was gathered in the form of paper books and
articles, being significantly scarce on the cadastral area.
• Case Study – Current Cadastral and Land Register
situation in Portugal
Partial reports of the current situation were inserted as context
information into the two research articles developed so far,
complemented with minor reports and briefings.
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Current Status (2)
• Pilot Project – Implementing CCDM into the
Portuguese Cadastre
Following slides show the class model derived from CCDM, which
already includes some implementation concerns regarding
ArcGIS Geodatabase, and also the resulting cadastral
structure for Ilhavo Municipality (using ArcMap).
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Pilot Project – data structure
Classes to be mapped into alphanumeric tables
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Pilot Project – data structure (2)
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Pilot Project – ArcGIS implementation
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Current status (3)
• Research Articles
• João Paulo Hespanha, Peter van Oosterom, Jaap Zevenbergen
and Gonçalo Paiva Dias, A Modular Standard for the Cadastral
Domain: Application to the Portuguese Cadastre. Published in
CEUS, Vol.30 N.5, Sept. 2006, pp. 562-584;
• João Paulo Hespanha, Mónica Jardim, Jesper Paasch, Jaap
Zevenbergen, Modelling Legal and Administrative Cadastral
Domain – Implementing into Portuguese Legal Framework.
Unpublished.
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Current status (4)
• Legal Model
Private Law, positive
side. Rigths in Rem
in Portuguese law.
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Current status (5)
• Legal Model,
Object diagram
Relationship between Legal
and Administrative classes
and other CCDM classes
(following usual colour
schema), for the
Superficies Real Right.
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Short term schedule (Aug.-Dec. 07)
• Perform model integration on Enterprise Architect, in such a way
an integrated “Land Administration Domain Model – Portuguese
Implementation” would emerge.
• Study last specification of OCL; examine diagram examples using
OCL and apply it to the integrated model implementation;
• Study Data Definition Language (DDL) and data model
diagramming with Enterprise Architect. Generate a data model for
the integrated implementation;
• Study existent versions of spatial data enabled UML Profiles in
order to derive a new Enterprise Architect UML Profile suited for
the Cadastral Domain;
• Perform a sort of “regressive” analysis in order to depict context
and detailed levels of Use Case diagrams, based on previous work
for SICAVIM Project. Such Use Cases should detail activities
concerning several cadastral update procedures;
• Cadastral update procedures should be further detailed through
Activity Diagrams, where cadastral, legal and administrative
objects belonging to the integrated model should be depicted;
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Medium term schedule (2008)
• A complete CASE tool solution should be seek, that
implements a spatial data base upon the new UML
Profile and including encoding of Constraints;
• Obtained implementation should be tested in an Editor
environment, in which objects can be modified
(created or destroyed);
• The cadastral data set gathered so far for the Pilot
Project should be complemented with legal (Land
Register) and administrative (Municipal) data
concerning a specific urbanization procedure;
• Results obtained should be reported in the form of a
Thesis draft, following the previously approved outline.
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