Transcript GPVEC 2008 Module III final Cundiff

Applied Beef Cattle Breeding and Selection
Larry V. Cundiff
ARS-USDA-U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
2008 Beef Cattle Production Management Series-Module II
Great Plains Veterinary Education Center
University of Nebraska, Clay Center
June 4, 2008
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
Assume you are commercial breeder using a two-breed rotation
of Angus and Herefords. You need to select three bulls for use
this year to maintain your breeding program. Using the tables of
breed averages provided, the 2007 Across Breed EPD Table
provided, and the web sites of the Angus and Hereford breeds
answer the following questions.
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
1) For birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and Milk,
what is the breed average EPD for Angus bulls (within breed
average for each trait)?
From Angus web site: BW = 2.2, WW = 42, YW = 77, Milk = 20
From table handed out: BW= 2.3, WW = 38, YW = 65, Milk = 15
2) For birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and Milk,
what is the breed average EPD for Hereford bulls (within breed
average for each trait)?
From Hereford web site: BW = 3.6, WW = 40, YW = 67, Milk = 16
From table handed out: BW = 3.7, WW = 3, YW = 65, Milk = 15
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
3) For birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and
Milk, what is the breed average Across Breed – EPD (ABEPD) for each trait?
For Angus:
BW = 0 + 2.2 = 2.2
WW = 0 + 42 = 42
YW = 0 + 77 = 77
MILK = 0 + 20 = 20
4) For Herefords:
BW = 2.7 + 3.6 = 6.3
WW = -3.1 + 40 = 36.9
YW = -12.7 + 67 = 54.3
MILK = - 15.7 + 16 = 0.3
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
In selecting three bulls of each breed, what range in AB-EPDs
would you like to specify for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling
weight, and Milk? Considering traits you wish to emphasize in your
breeding programs, discuss why you have specified these ranges for
these traits.
Answer is arbitrary, goals not same for everyone
For purposes of this exercise, I chose AB-EPDs bracketing the
midpoint of breed average AB-EPDs for Angus and Herefords.
BW
WW
YW
Milk
Angus
2.7
42
77
20
Hereford
6.3
36.9
54.3
0.3
Mid-point
4.1
40.5
65
10
Range
3 to 5
38-43
60-70
5 to 15
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
6) Then back solving, determine the range for within breed EPDs
that this AB-EPD range would allow in the Angus and Hereford
bulls for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and
Milk? Discuss why you have specified these ranges.
BW
3 to 5
Angus
Hereford
AB-EPD
3 to 5
minus Factor
- ( 2.7)
w/in breed range .3 to 2.3
WW
38 to 43,
YW
60 to 70,
Milk
5 to 15
38 to 43
- (- 3.1)
42.1 to 46.1
60 to 70
- (-12.7)
73 to 83
5 to 15
- (-15.7)
21 to 31
Searching Angus data base (8 “main sires” were available)
Searching Hereford base 570 bulls were available
ACROSS BREED EPDs (AB-EPDs)
(Notter and Cundiff, 1992)
BIF Proceedings Annually
(Van Vleck and Cundiff)
(Kuehn et al. 2007, 2008)
Tables produced to provide for
comparison of individuals in different
breeds on the same EPD scale for BW,
WW, YW and MILK
AB-EPDs
• Within breed EPDs are accurate predictors of
purebred and crossbred performance.
• AB-EPDs are most useful for selecting bulls of two
or more breeds for use in crossbreeding.
• Uniformity in AB-EPDs should be emphasized for
rotational crossing.
• Divergence in AB-EPDs should be emphasized in
selection of bulls for terminal crossing or calving
ease in first calf heifers.
Home Work Assignment for Module 2
Other traits that can be considered based on within breed EPD available:
Angus
Trait
CED
Mean 5
YH
SC
MW
MH
CW
Marb
RE
FAT
0.3
.33
32
.5
5
.16
.16
-.001
CEM
0.5
SC
0.6
FAT
.004
RE
.14
IMF%
0.00
Hereford
Trait
Mean
CED
-.2
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO ADD TO EPDs OF SIXTEEN
BREEDS TO ESTIMATE AB-EPDs (SPRING, 2008)
Breed
BWT
Hereford
Angus
Shorthorn
S. Devon
Brahman
Simmental
Limousin
Charolais
Maine Anjou
Gelbvieh
Tarentaise
Salers
Red Angus
Braunvieh
Brangus
Beefmaster
2.7
0.0
6.5
3.3
12.5
5.4
4.0
9.6
7.0
4.4
3.0
4.2
2.8
6.2
5.8
9.2
(Kuehn et al., 2008)
WNWT
-2.9
0.0
31.0
3.6
38.0
23.3
-3.8
39.0
-3.6
5.0
31.5
30.3
- 5.2
29.4
27.3
45.1
YRWT
MILK
- 12.8
0.0
44.1
-5.7
2.5
16.9
- 27.8
47.3
- 31.6
- 22.4
18.2
43.4
0.9
17.8
28.8
45.1
-15.3
0.0
18.1
-5.6
27.5
13.9
-11.9
2.9
- 6.0
7.0
20.5
13.1
- 3.9
25.3
- 3.9
- 2.1
BREEDS MEANS AND DEVIATIONS FROM ANGUS ON INDUSTRY
SCALE (SPRING, 2008 GENETIC EVALUATIONS), LB
Breed
Hereford
Angus
Shorthorn
S. Devon
Brahman
Simmental
Limousin
Charolais
Maine Anjou
Gelbvieh
Tarentaise
Salers
Red Angus
Braunvieh
Brangus
Beefmaster
BWT
WNWT
89 ( 4.1)
85 ( 0.0)
91 ( 6.5)
88 ( 3.5)
96(11.9)
89 ( 4.7)
88 ( 3.5)
93 ( 8.6)
91 ( 6.7)
89 ( 4.1)
87 ( 2.3)
88 ( 3.1)
85 ( 0.9)
89 ( 4.2)
90 ( 5.1)
92 ( 7.4)
519 (- 4.4)
524 ( 0.0)
527 ( 3.8)
525 ( 1.3)
533 ( 9.6)
538 (14.2)
518 (- 5.6)
543 (19.2)
518 (- 5.1)
527 ( 3.5)
518 (- 6.0)
529 ( 5.9)
507 (-16.1)
517 (- 7.0)
533 ( 9.1)
534 (10.8)
Kuehn et al. (2008)
YRWT
884 (- 22.3)
906 ( 0.0)
898 ( - 8.2)
899 ( - 7.5)
854 (- 52.3)
904 ( - 2.3)
876 (- 30.1)
916 ( 10.0)
878 (- 28.9)
881 (- 24.9)
859 (- 47.3)
902 ( - 4.7)
884 (- 21.9)
856 ( -50.0)
898 ( - 8.7)
887 (- 19.1)
MILK
- 14.6
4.7
5.3
0.3
18.1
3.6
- 7.7
- 5.5
- 1.4
8.7
6.2
6.1
- 3.1
10.0
- 10.5
- 15.6
REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR CARCASS
TRAITS IN STEERS PROGENY (n=1224)
ON EPDs OF THEIR SIRES (s = 264)
IN EIGHT BREEDS
Marbling
0.74 + .11
Rib eye area (REA)
1.36 + .17
Fat thickness (FAT)
0.69 + .13
Kuehn et al. (2008)
MEAN EPDs FOR CARCASS TRAITS (Spring 2008 Evaluations)
Breed
MARB (sc)
REA (in2)
FAT (in)
Angus
0.27
0.12
+0.009
S. Devon
0.30
0.24
- 0.030
Simmental
0.10
0.04
+ 0.010
Limousin
0.01
0.38
.----
Charolais
0.03
0.19
-0.001
Maine Anjou
0.21
0.18
+ 0.000
Salers
0.00
0.02
+ 0.000
Red Angus
0.06
0.04
- 0.001
(Kuehn et. al., 2008)
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO ADD TO EPDs OF EIGHT
BREEDS TO ESTIMATE AB-EPDs (SPRING, 2008)
REA (in2)
Breed
MARB (sc)
Angus
0.00
0.00
+0.000
S. Devon
- 0.57
0.07
- 0.008
Simmental
- 0.84
0.67
- 0.335
Limousin
- 1.08
0.58
Charolais
- 0.79
0.43
- 0.335
Maine Anjou
- 1.08
0.84
- 0.305
Salers
- 0.10
0.52
- 0.276
Red Angus
- 0.02
- 0.13
- 0.062
(Kuehn et al., 2008)
FAT (in)
.----
CARCASS TRAIT BREED MEANS AND DEVIATIONS FROM ANGUS
(SPRING, 2008 GENETIC EVALUATIONS)
Breed
MARB (sc)
REA (in2)
FAT(in)
Angus
5.78 ( 0.00)
12.21 ( 0.00)
0.558 ( 0.000)
S. Devon
5.24 (- 0.54)
12.40 ( 0.19)
0.511 (- 0.047)
Simmental
4.77 (- 1.01)
12.80 ( 0.59)
0.224 (- 0.334)
Limousin
4.44 (- 1.34)
13.05 ( 0.84)
Charolais
4.75 (- 1.03)
12.71 ( 0.50)
0.193 (-0.365)
Maine Anjou
4.64 (- 1.14)
13.11 ( 0.90)
0.244 (- 0.314)
Salers
5.41 (- 0.37)
12.63 ( 0.42)
0.273 (- 0.285)
12.00 (- 0.21)
0.486 (- 0.072)
Red Angus
5.55 (- 0.23)
- 3.1
Kuehn et al. (2008)
.------------
SYSTEMATIC CROSSBREEDING OR
COMPOSITE POPULATIONS
Use:
Heterosis
Breed differences
Complementarity among breeds
to match genetic potential :
Consumer preferences
Feed resources
Climatic environment
SIRE BREEDS USED IN THE GERMPLASM EVALUATION
PROGRAM AT THE USMARC
Cycle I
70-72
Cycle II
73-74
Cycle III Cycle IV
75-76
86-90
Cycle V
92-94
Cycle VI
97-98
Cycle VII Cycle VIII
99-00
01-02
F1 Crosses (Hereford or Angus dams) a
Hereford
Angus
Jersey
S. Devon
Limousin
Simmental
Charolais
Hereford
Angus
Red Poll
Braunvieh
Gelbvieh
Maine Anj.
Chianina
Hereford
Angus
Brahman
Sahiwal
Pinzgauer
Tarentaise
3-way crosses
Hereford
Hereford
Angus
Angus
Brahman Brangus
Devon
Santa Gertrudis
Holstein
Hereford
Angus
Longhorn
Salers
Galloway
Nellore
Shorthorn
Piedmontese
Charolais
Gelbvieh
Pinzgauer
Hereford
Angus
Tuli
Boran
Belg. Blue
Brahman
Piedmontese
Hereford
Angus
Wagyu
Norweg. Red
Sw. Red&Wh.
Friesian
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
Limousin
Charolais
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Hereford
Angus
Beefmaster
Brangus
Bonsmara
Romosinuano
a
Sire breeds mated to Angus and Hereford females, Composite MARC III (1/4 Angus,
Hereford, Red Poll and Pinzgauer) cows were also included in Cycles V, VI, and VII.
Beef Breed Registrations
National Pedigreed Livestock Council
British
Year
A
H
Sh
Continental
RA
Total
C
S
L
G
%
American
Total
Bm
SG
Brg
Total
Bfm
%
Total
1000s
%
1965
34.6
56.0
3.4
0.2
94.3
2.8
2.8
1.4
1.1
0.4
2.9
1,113
1970
40.0
45.0
4.0
0.6
89.9
5.1
5.1
2.1
2.2
0.7
5.0
882
1975
29.2
39.9
2.8
0.8
73.1
7.4
8.0
0.9
19.7
2.6
2.1
1.3
1.2
7.3
1,049
1980
28.1
38.5
2.1
1.1
70.2
2.9
7.4
4.3
0.5
17.1
4.0
2.8
2.7
3.3
12.7
917
1985
22.3
26.1
2.4
1.8
52.9
3.9
12.2
6.0
2.3
29.9
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.7
17.1
700
1990
21.5
23.1
2.4
2.1
49.4
6.3
10.6
9.8
3.1
36.2
1.8
2.0
4.3
6.3
14.4
738
1995
28.7
14.8
2.0
3.8
49.7
7.1
9.1
10.1
4.3
37.6
1.9
1.5
3.6
5.6
12.7
784
2000
37.5
12.2
2.7
5.7
58.0
6.1
6.2
7.0
3.8
29.3
2.6
1.5
3.9
4.6
12.7
696
2005
41.7
9.6
2.5
6.0
59.8
10.3
6.1
5.5
3.8
31.9
1.1
1.0
3.2
2.7
8.0
777
Cycle VII Calving Ease (UA and CD) and Birth weight (BW)
Sire of Calf Means (4 –10 yr olds)
Sire breed
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
UA
%
96
99
99
CD
sc
1.24
1.01
1.06
BW
lb
90.4
84.0
84.5
Angus and Red Angus sired calves excel in
calving ease (unassisted = UA) due to lighter birth
wt.
98
98
98
93
1.10
1.10
1.13
1.40
92.2
88.7
89.5
93.7
In 30 years, relative to Hereford-Angus crosses,
Continental breeds have reduced birth wt (9 vs.
4.2 lb) and improved direct calving ease, especially
Simmental and Gelbvieh (formerly, 9% more
assisted).
0.21
3.3
240
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Limousin
Charolais
Avg.
LSD <.05
Sire of Calf (Direct)
3.6
Sire of Dam (Total Maternal)
Differences in maternal calving ease and
birth weight were not significant in Cycle I
and II, and are still not significant.
However, maternal calving ease has been
improved in Simmental relative to HA &
AH (from 6% more to 13% less assistance
in 2-yr-olds).
Sire of Dam Means - Total Maternal
Sire
breed
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
2-yr-olds
UA
%
74
72
68
CD
sc
1.86
1.96
2.19
36.2
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Limousin
Charolais
86
64
68
69
225
1.54
2.24
2.00
2.09
Avg.
LSD <.05
BW
lb
81.5
79.8
78.2
79.6
83.6
80.3
81.6
1.
19
0.64
4.4
Hereford Sired Steers
British (H, A, Ra) and Continental (S, G, L, and C)
sired progeny do not differ significantly
in Efficiency of Gain (live wt gain, lb/Mcal)
to age or weight end points.
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
Time, 187d,
LSD<.05 = .008
WT, 750-1300,
LSD<.05 = .009
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
H
A
Ra
S
G
L
C
Complementarity
Progeny by British sire breeds (H, A, Ra)
were more efficient (lb live wt gain/Mcal)
than those by Continental (S, G, L, C) sire breeds
to fatness endpoints
0.14
0.13
0.12
Fat th. .43 in,
LSD<.05 = .007
Fat trim 24.8%,
LSD<.05 = .007
Marb. = SM00,
LSD<.05 = .007
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
H
A
Ra
S
G
L
C
Progeny of Continental European sire breeds (S, G, L, and C)
had more efficient gains (Live wt gain/Mcal and retail
product/Mcal) than progeny of British sire breeds (H, A, and Ra)
to weight of retail product (496 lb retail product) endpoints
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
RP = 496 lb,
LSD<.05 = .009
lb RP/Mcal,
LSD<.05 = .006
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
H
A
Ra
S
G
L
C
SIRE BREED MEANS FOR FINAL WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS
OF F1 STEERS (445 DAYS)
Final
Retail
Marb- USDA
WB
Sire
wt
product
ling
Choice shear
Breed
N
lb
%
lb
sc
%
lb
F test
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Limousin
Charolais
LSD < .05
97
98
93
**
1322
1365
1333
**
60.7
59.2
59.1
**
480
488
474
**
526
584
590
**
70
95
93
**
9.1
8.9
9.2
92
90
84
95
1363
1312
1286
1349
63.0
63.8
63.7
63.7
522
509
504
523
528
506
504
517
66
58
57
62
9.5
9.9
9.5
9.6
40
1.3
16
17
0.7
0.6
USDA QUALITY GRADE X YIELD GRADE
FOR HEREFORD, ANGUS AND RED ANGUS (N = 288)
Quality
grade
USDA Yield grade, %
3
TOTAL
1
2
4
Low Pr
0.0
0.0
1.7
.4
2.1
High Ch
0.0
.7
2.1
1.7
4.5
Av. Ch
0.0
1.7
7.3
2.8
11.8
Low Ch
2.8
18.4
29.5
17.0
67.7
Select
1.7
8.3
2.8
1.0
13.9
Standard
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
4.5
29.2
43.4
22.9
100.0
USDA QUALITY GRADE X YIELD GRADE
FOR STEERS WITH SIMMENTAL, GELBVIEH,
LIMOUSIN, AND CHAROLAIS SIRES (n = 361)
Quality
grade
1
2
3
Low Pr
0.0
0.0
0.0
.3
.3
High Ch
0.0
0.0
.3
0.0
.3
Av. Ch
0.3
1.9
3.1
.3
5.5
Low Ch
8.3
27.2
14.4
1.7
51.5
13.6
18.3
9.1
1.1
42.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
.3
22.4
47.4
26.9
3.3
100.0
Select
Standard
TOTAL
USDA Yield Grade, %
4
TOTAL
Matching Genotype to Consumer Preferences
British sired steers:
22 % Yield grade 4’s
14 % USDA Select
86% > USDA Choice
Continental sired steers:
3.3 Yield Grade 4
0.3 % USDA Standard,
42% USDA Select,
58% > USDA Choice
Results are consistent with earlier results: steers with 50:50
ratios of Continental to British inheritance receive fewer severe
discounts for yield grade 4 or USDA standard grade carcasses
than steers with higher or lower ratios of Continental to British
inheritance.
BREED GROUP MEANS (DEVIATIONS FROM HA & AH) FOR
MATURE WEIGHT (ADJUSTED TO CONDITION SCORE OF 5.5) OF
F1 CROSS COWS IN CYCLES I AND II (BIRTH YEARS: 1970-74)
COMPARED TO CYCLE VII (BIRTH YEARS 1999-2000), KG
(0)
(- 3)
(- 5)
(- 42)
(- 11)
(- 20)
700
LSD < 26
642
650
600
639
637
631
622
600
(0)
(29)
(34)
(15)
(53)
550
517
493
500
498
479
464
450
400
HA +
AH
Red
Ang
Simm
Gelb
Lim
Char
Cycle I & II
Cycle VII
SIRE BREED MEANS FOR REPRODUCTION AND MATERNAL
TRAITS OF F1 FEMALES MATED TO PRODUCE THEIR FIRST
CALVES AT 2 YEARS OF AGE (2001 & 2002)
Sire
breed
of female
Calf crop Calving Unassist. Birth
born wnd. diff.
births
wt.
No. %
%
score
%
lb
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
80
84
104
92
83
86
70
76
76
1.9
2.0
2.2
74
72
68
81.5
79.8
78.2
413
424
415
292
325
317
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Limousin
Charolais
98
109
109
97
86
79
85
87
69
68
73
73
1.5
2.2
2.0
2.1
86
64
68
69
79.6
83.6
80.3
81.6
442
447
429
430
309
307
313
315
14
15
.6
19
4.4
21
68
LSD < .05
200-d wt per
calf cow exp
lb
lb
SIRE BREED MEANS FOR REPRODUCTION AND MATERNAL
TRAITS OF F1 FEMALES MATED TO PRODUCE THEIR FIRST
CALVES AT 3-5 YEARS OF AGE (2002-2004)
Sire
breed
of female
Calf crop Calving Unassist. Birth
born wnd. diff.
births
wt.
No. %
%
score
%
lb
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
80
84
104
92
83
86
70
76
76
1.9
2.0
2.2
74
72
68
81.5
79.8
78.2
413
424
415
292
325
317
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Limousin
Charolais
98
109
109
97
86
79
85
87
69
68
73
73
1.5
2.2
2.0
2.1
86
64
68
69
79.6
83.6
80.3
81.6
442
447
429
430
309
307
313
315
14
15
.6
19
4.4
10
68
LSD < .05
200-d wt per
calf cow exp
lb
lb
Differences in reproduction rate, and calf
survival to weaning not significant.
Feed resources were not limiting!
Cows were fed silage and hay in winter to meet
nutrient requirements for maintenance and gestation.
BREAK
Genotype X Environment Interaction
Y
Y
E1
E2
No
interaction
Y
E1
E2
Interaction
Change in
magnitude
E1
E2
Interaction
Change in
ranking
Matching Genetic
Potential
to the
Feed Resources
100
Interval
from
Calving
to First
Observed
Estrus
(Days)
F
90
80
70
60
HF
H
Med.
High
Very High
(Energy Level)
Postpartum interval of Hereford (H) Hereford-Holstein, and Holstein fall
calving females on three levels of supplementation during lactation as 2-, 3-, and
4- year olds (Kropp et al., 1972; Holloway, et al, 1973; Lusby et al., 1974)
Matching Genetic
Potential
to the
Climatic Environment
Matching Genetic
Potential to the
Climatic Environment
(Olson et al., 1991)
OUTPUT/INPUT DIFFERENCES AMONG BOS INDICUS X BOS TAURUS
AND BOS TAURUS X BOS TAURUS F1 COWS (Green et al., 1991)
___________________________________________________
Overall _____Breed group (ratios)_______
Item
mean HAX
BmX
SwX
PzX_
Progeny (126 d)
Wt gain,kg
ME cons., Mcal
129
592
92
112
108
92
103
94
99
102
Dams (126 d)
Milk prod. kg/d
7.0
90
105
101
100
Cow wt., kg
561
98
105
97
100
Fat Probe, cm
.78
91
102
112
95
ME cons., Mcal 3292
93
106
97
104
Efficiency
Prog Gain per
Mcal ME, kg/Mcal .033
96
104
106
95
____________________________________________________
MORTALITY IN CALVES WITH DIFFERENT RATIOS OF
BOS INDICUS TO BOS TAURUS INHERITANCE
Bos indicus to Bos taurus ratio
Temp (Fo) 0:100 25:75
50:50
75:25
Mean
>52
46 to < 52
41 to <46
36 to < 41
30 to < 36
< 30
2
2
5
2
1
3
(Josey et al., 1993)
0
5
0
4
2
8
4
0
4
4
22
12
1
4
36
41
37
9
2
2
11
13
16
8
Average Daily Gain, lb.
Breed Effects as Deviations from Angus
Month
Shear, lb.
Shear
Bos Indicus to Bos Taurus Ratio
TRADEOFFS
Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses excel in
•
•
•
•
•
•
Weaning weight per cow exposed
Cow efficiency
especially in subtropical climates, but
these advantages are tempered by:
Older age at puberty
Reduced meat tenderness
Reduced gain and feed efficiency during winter
months in temperate environments
Increased mortality during spring calving in
temperate environments
SIRE BREEDS USED IN THE GERMPLASM EVALUATION
PROGRAM AT THE USMARC
Cycle I
70-72
Cycle II
73-74
Cycle III Cycle IV
75-76
86-90
Cycle V
92-94
Cycle VI
97-98
Cycle VII Cycle VIII
99-00
01-02
F1 Crosses (Hereford or Angus dams) a
Hereford
Angus
Jersey
S. Devon
Limousin
Simmental
Charolais
Hereford
Angus
Red Poll
Braunvieh
Gelbvieh
Maine Anj.
Chianina
Hereford
Angus
Brahman
Sahiwal
Pinzgauer
Tarentaise
3-way crosses
Hereford
Hereford
Angus
Angus
Brahman Brangus
Devon
Santa Gertrudis
Holstein
Hereford
Angus
Longhorn
Salers
Galloway
Nellore
Shorthorn
Piedmontese
Charolais
Gelbvieh
Pinzgauer
Hereford
Angus
Tuli
Boran
Belg. Blue
Brahman
Piedmontese
Hereford
Angus
Wagyu
Norweg. Red
Sw. Red&Wh.
Friesian
Hereford
Angus
Red Angus
Limousin
Charolais
Simmental
Gelbvieh
Hereford
Angus
Beefmaster
Brangus
Bonsmara
Romosinuano
a
Sire breeds mated to Angus and Hereford females, Composite MARC III (1/4 Angus,
Hereford, Red Poll and Pinzgauer) cows were also included in Cycles V, VI, and VII.
Boran
SIRE BREED MEANS FOR FINAL WEIGHT AND
CARCASS TRAITS OF F1 STEERS (447 d)
Sire
breed
No.
Final
wt
kg
Hereford
Angus
106
101
576
580
61.9
62.2
204
206
520
556
70.3
84.6
4.8
4.0
43
76
533
544
64.1
63.8
199
204
485
466
29.4
30.4
6.1
5.9
Boran
Tuli
151
162
506
503
62.6
63.4
181
184
504
525
47.2
63.8
5.1
4.6
Nellore
97
555
65.0
211
500
51.4
48
1.7
8
30
22.2
Brahman
Original
Current
LSD < .05
MarbRetail product ling
%
kg
score
USDA 14-d
Choice Shear
%
kg
---0.6
BREED GROUP MEANS FOR REPRODUCTION
AND MATERNAL TRAITS
Sire breed
of female No.
Calf
Age at crop
puberty, wnd.
days
%
2-years of age
200-day wt
per per cow
calf exposed
lb
lb
3 to 7 years of age
Calf
200-day wt.
crop per per cow
wnd. calf exposed
%
lb
lb
Hereford
Angus
Avg.
152
130
282
355
351
353
73.8
74.4
74.1
419
437
428
300
313
307
88.7
86.3
87.5
474 422
493 426
483 424
Brahman
Original
Current
Avg.
82
208
244
429
423
426
54.3
69.6
62.0
456
476
466
238
319
279
85.9
82.7
83.2
511 440
521 430
516 435
Boran
Tuli
206
244
396
371
83.3
74.6
444
413
357
296
86.2
84.1
488 421
471 397
Piedmont. 75
Belg. Blue 237
348
348
75.3
71.0
441
436
321
300
85.3
79.0
476 404
502 398
13
13.9
18
62
6.7
LSD.05
14
36
Genotype X Environment
Interaction
Romsinuano
Bonsmara
Cycle VIII
MARC
LSU
M&F
F
Hereford
X
Angus
X
Beefmaster
X
X
Brangus
X
X
Romosinuano X
X
Bonsmara
X
X
TABLE 14. SIRE BREED MEANS FOR FINAL WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS OF
F1 STEERS PRODUCED IN CYCLE VIII (426 DAYS, 2001 & 2002 CALF CROPS)
Sire
Breed
N
Final
wt
kg
Hereford
Angus
102
103
564.7
582.0
61.8
60.0
211.3
212.7
515
548
52
71
3.67
3.44
Brangus
Beefmaster
107
103
569.7
587.9
62.1
61.2
217.7
218.6
497
483
42
35
3.90
4.08
Bonsmara
Romosinuano
104
102
537.5
521.6
63.4
64.4
210.5
205.0
487
488
37
37
3.67
3.76
1.1
5.9
24
13
0.22
LSD < .05
13.6
Retail
product
%
kg
USDA
Marb. Choice
score
%
W-B
shear
kg
BREED GROUP MEANS FOR REPRODUCTION AND MATERNAL
TRAITS OF F1 FEMALES IN CYCLE VIII OF THE GPE PRORAM AT MARC
3 to 4 years of age
Calf
200-day wt.
crop
per
per cow
wnd.
calf exposed
%
lb
lb
Sire
breed
of
female
No.
Hereford
Angus
101
104
329
310
76
69
452
474
346
326
92
92
525
547
481
505
Brangus
Beefmaster
45
51
341
450
85
86
481
485
406
417
88
94
553
538
489
511
Bonsmara
Romosinuano
48
50
352
362
69
79
454
414
317
328
90
97
525
480
478
469
12
15
22
72
8
24
46
LSD < .05
Age
at
puberty
2-years of age
Calf
200-day wt
crop
per per cow
wnd. calf exposed
%
lb
lb
Matching Genetic
Potential to the
Climatic Environment
• In hotter more humid climates of the gulf
coast cattle with ~ 50% tropical adapted
germplasm may be optimal.
• In more intermediate subtropics, cattle with
~25% tropically adapted germplasm may be
optimal.
Breeds Grouped into Biological Types for Seven Criteria
Breed
Angus
Red Angus
Hereford
Shorthorn
Gelbvieh
Simmental
Limousin
Charolais
Romosinuano
Tuli
Brangus
Beefmaster
Santa Gertrudis
Bonsmara
Brahman
Nellore
Boran
Sahiwal
Growth
rate &
mature
size
Lean
to
fat
ratio
Marbling
(Intramuscular
fat)
Tenderness
Age
at
puberty
Milk
production
Tropical
adaptation
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A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS INVOLVING
TROPICALLY ADAPTED BEEF CATTLE BREEDS
S-243 and S-277 Multi-state Research Projects
Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 405
Proceedings: Tropically Adapted Breeds
Southern Section ASAS
February 8, 2005
Little Rock, Arkansas
www.lsuagcenter.com/en/crops livestock/
livestock/beef cattle/breeding genetics/trpoical+breeds.htm
BREED DIFFERENCES
an important genetic resource
Cross breeding or composite populations can be used to
exploit:
•
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HETEROSIS
COMPLEMENTARITY among breeds optimize
performance for important traits and match genetic
potential with:
Market preferences
Feed resources
Climatic environment