Transcript Code Compliance

Codes & Compliance
What does the sinking of the
TITANIC
have to do with Building Codes?
Codes and TITANIC
• Water-tight
Compartments
– Bulwarks
– thresholds/ doors
• # Life boats
• Steel strength
• Crew training
• Smoke & fire
compartments
– 2 hr. walls
– fire doors
• # Exits
• Materials fire ratings
• Staff training
Why the TITANIC was a disaster
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Pressure from White Star line
Poor judgement on Captain’s part
Hole exceeded compartments
Inadequate # of lifeboats
Steel was brittle (sulfur content too high: in
cold water lost strength)
• Crew not trained to deal with situation
Code Compliance
JCAHO
NFPA
OSHA
HIPPA
EPA
Code Compliance
Organizations have a moral and legal obligation to
provide a safe environment for building
occupants.
Building codes and government regulations
mandate the minimum requirements and standard
for public health and safety.
Code Compliance
OSHA and building code enforcement agencies
hold owners and operators accountable for the safe
and sanitary maintenance of their facility.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may very from
facility to facility. The AHJ for Life Safety is
appointed by the Governing Board.
Document & Demonstrate Compliance With:
• AIA
• ANSI
• Building Codes
• ADA
• EPA
• JCAHO
• NFPA
• CDC
• ASHRAE
• FDA
Required Permits
• Emission
– Boilers
– Incinerators
– ETO Usage
• Burn Permits
• Confined Space
• Elevators
• Heliports
NOTE: Many are unique to local, state, & city codes.
Code Compliance
The word “Shall” indicates
mandatory requirement.
"Always do right- this will
gratify some and astonish the
rest."
- Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Life Safety
• Design, construction, and compartmentation
• Provision for Detection, alarm, and
extinguishment.
• Fire prevention and the planning, training,
and drilling programs for the isolation of
fire, transfer of occupants to areas of refuge,
or evacuation of the building.
Life Safety
• The National Fire Protection
Association Manual
(NFPA) 101, 2000 Edition
• Joint Commission
Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations
Comprehensive
Accreditation Manual for
Hospitals
Life Safety
• NFPA 72, National Fire
Alarm Code, 1999 Edition
• NFPA 110 Standard for
Emergency and Standby
Power Systems, 2002
Edition
Life Safety Assessment
• Statement of Conditions (SOC)
– A current organization-wide SOC must be
completed for all buildings housing and treating
an organization’s patients, regardless of
ownership.
Life Safety Assessment
• Statement of Conditions
– The exception is Business Occupancy that are
(1) freestanding or (2) connected to a health
care occupancy but separated by a two-hour fire
barrier and do not serve as a required means of
egress from the health care occupancy.
Life Safety
• Fire Drills – Hospitals require one per
shift per quarter
• Interim Life Safety Plan—Hospitals
require a minimum of two per shift per
quarter
Life Safety
• At least 50% of required drills are
unannounced.
• External illuminated exit sign require 6
inch letters. Internal illuminated exit
signs require 4” Letters
Response Training
Fire response training evaluated at least
annually
• When & how to sound alarms
• When and how to transmit for offsite fire
responders
• Containment of smoke and fire
• Transfer of patients to areas of refuge
• Fire extinguishment
• Specific fire response duties
• Preparation for building evacuation.
Life Safety
• NFPA 101 requires doors to readily open from the
egress side. Be aware!
• Exception 1, allows for the door to be locked in
the interest of the patient —subject to the
approval from the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Life Safety
• Egress Capacity is the ability of an egress
component or system of components to meet the
demand of occupants traversing the means of
egress
• The Public Way is defined as a street, alley or
other similar parcel of land open to the outside air,
dedicated to public use, with a clear width and
height of at least 10 feet.
Life Safety
• Dead-end corridors occur where an occupant
may enter a corridor thinking there is an exit
and must retrace the path traveled to find an
exit. In the 2000 Edition of NFPA 101, 30
feet corridors are allowed for new
construction.
Life Safety
• Equivalencies—are alternative approaches
to life safety and require a Fire Safety
Evaluation System (FSES). FSES are the
responsibility of the Authority having
Jurisdiction.
Life Safety
• Class A fire extinguishers are used for
ordinary combustibles such as wood,
paper, cloth, household rubbish, rubber
and many plastics.
• Class C fire extinguishers are used for
Energized Electrical Equipment
Life Safety
• Portable Fire Extinguishers should be
inspected every 30 days
• Travel distance to any fire extinguisher
should not be more than 75 feet from any
point
Life Safety
• Health Care Occupancy
• Business Occupancy
• Ambulatory Health Care Center
Life Safety
• Fire Alarm systems involve three
functions
– Initiation
– Notification
– Control
• In general, the order of precedence for
fire alarm signals is alarm, supervisory,
and trouble signals.
Life Safety
• Pull Stations should be unobstructed,
accessible, and within the natural path of
travel.
• There should be at least one pull station at
each required exit
• Additional ones located so that the total
travel distance to a pull station does not
exceed 200 feet.
Life Safety
Patient care areas are categorized into three
types:
– General Care Areas
– Critical Care Areas
– Wet Locations
NFPA 70, Article 517-18, 517-19 and 517-20
Life Safety
NFPA groups essential electrical systems in to
three major categories.
– Type 1
– Type 2
– Type 3
NFPA 99 2002 edition 4.4
Life Safety
• Hospitals require Type 1 Essential Electrical
System (EES).
• It should include
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exit route illumination,
emergency communication,
illumination to exit signs,
critical equipment/systems
and critical service areas.
• The EES shall be installed IAW applicable
standard (NFPA 70 Article 517-30)
Life Safety
• The EES, Type 1 system is subdivided into
two branches
– Critical branch
– Life Safety branch
• Any device connected to the life safety
branch must be restored to operation within
10 seconds (NFPA 99 4.4.2.1.4 (d))
ESSENTIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (EES)
FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
TYPE 1
• Hospitals
• Ambulatory Care
with Critical Care
Areas
Emergency
System
Life Safety
Branch
Equipment System
Critical
Branch
TYPE 2
TYPE 3
Life Safety Branch
Devices allowed on Life Safety Branch
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Illumination for means of egress
Exit Signs
Alarm and alerting devices
Fire ALARMS
Alarms for systems specified for vacuum systems
Hospital communications
Generator Set Task Illumination
Elevator cab lighting, control, communication
Automatic Doors
Auxiliary functions of the Fire Alarm (NFPA 72)
Equivalency
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An equivalency is method of protection
that provides equal to or greater level of
protection dictated by code.
• It “IS NOT” a waiver or deletion of the
code requirement. (NFPA 101 1.5.1, 2000
edition.)
Life Safety
The Life Safety Code is administered
and enforced by the authority having
jurisdiction designated by the
governing authority. (NFPA 101,
1.7.1)
JCAHO Standards
• The JCAHO Environment of Care standards
state that all health care facilities will
prohibit patients, visitors, and staff from
smoking inside of any buildings in which
healthcare services are rendered.
"The significant problems we face
cannot be solved at the same level
of thinking we were at when we
created them."
– - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Where to Find the Answers
• NFPA 101 – Life Safety
• NFPA 99- Standard for
Health Care Facilities
• NFPA 110 - Generators
• NFPA 72 – Fire Alarms
• NFPA 45– Labs Using
Chemicals
• NFPA 80 – Fire Doors
• NFPA 13 – Sprinklers
• NFPA 70 - NEC
• JCAHO is not a code
Back up slides
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
Fire Protection
Medical Gas Testing
Utility
Management
Plan
PM
Schedules
Life Cycle
Replacement
Equipment
Inventory
Generator Testing
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• All Supervisory Signal Devices – Quarterly
• Valve tamper switches and water flow devices –
Semiannually
• Smoke Detectors – Annually
• Electro-mechanic releasing devices – Annually
• Heat Detectors – Annually
• Manual Fire Alarm Boxes – Annually
• Occupant Alarm Notification Devices - Annually
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• Fire Pumps – churn (no flow) – Weekly
• Fire pumps – full flow – Annually
• Water tank high and low level alarms –
Semiannually
• Water Tank low-temperatue alarms (cold weather
– Monthly
• Main drains (at all system risers) – Annually
• Connections – Fire Department (Inspect) -Quarterly
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• Package suppression systems over cooking
equipment – Semiannually
• CO2 and other gas package suppression systems –
Annually
• Standpipe systems – Every Five Years
• Required Fire Dampers – Test & Maintain --Every
Four Years
• Required Smoke Dampers – Every Four Years
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
•HVAC Shutdown Devices – Annually
•Sliding and Rolling Fire Doors/Windows –
Annually
•Battery-powered lights required for egress includes
a functional test at 30-day intervals for a minimum
of 30 seconds; and annual test for a duration of 1 ½
hours
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• Maintenance & Testing of Healthcare Emergency
Power Supply System
– NFPA 110 states that the manufacturer is the final word
on generator maintenance
– NFPA 110 requires one set of EPSS manuals be kept on
premises
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• Generators need only to be inspected on a weekly
basis (not exercised)
– NFPA 99 states “Generator sets shall be tested twelve
(12) times a year with testing intervals between no less
than 20 days or exceeding 40 days” IAW NFPA 110.
The tests shall be conducted for at least 30 continuous
minutes under a dynamic load that is at least 30 percent
of the nameplate rating of the generator.
Inspecting, Testing, and Maintaining
• JCAHO states that all equipment in the utility
management plan must be tested at least annually.
• A routine maintenance and operational testing
program shall be initiated immediately after the
EPSS has passed acceptance tests.
• The maximum time period of 10 seconds before
the EPSS kicks in applies no matter what the
circumstance and without exception.
Safety & Resource Protection
• Safety and Resource Protection
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Provide a level of safety and security
Patients, visitors, and staff
• Facilities and property
• Personal property
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QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU