Transcript SPS 341 & NFPA-55 - Wisconsin Boiler Inspector Association

SPS 341 & NFPA-55
CO2 SYSTEMS
Liquid
Carbon
Dioxide
Storage
Vessels
CO2 Safety
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CO2 can be dangerous or even deadly!
CO2 is very difficult to detect... important to
use detection and alarm equipment.
CO2 can settle or collect in low areas.
CO2 under pressure can cause damage or
injury.
CO2 can cause cold burns or frostbite.
CO2 effects can strike without warning.
Prolonged or elevated exposure to CO2
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can cause adverse and even serious
physical effects, including:
Stressful, labored or rapid breathing
Severe headaches
Faintness
Dulled awareness and judgment
Most serious potential physical effects of
elevated CO2 exposure:
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Unconsciousness
Rigidity, tremors or convulsions
Asphyxiation
Death!!!
All of the above may occur without warning
and in the presence of normal levels of
oxygen !!!!
Elevated CO2 exposure
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There is .04% CO2 concentration in the air
we breathe.
Per CGA Pamphlet G-6, the maximum time
of exposure is 20 minutes at 3.0% (75 times).
This only takes 22 lbs of CO2 dispensed into
a confined room of 6000 ft3 (20' x 38' x 8')!
SPS 341.18 Exemptions from periodic
inspections.
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(1) EXEMPTED EQUIPMENT. Except as
provided in sub. (2), periodic inspections are
not required for any of the following:
(f) Pressure vessels having a volume of less
than 5 cubic feet and an operating pressure
of less than 250 psig.
SPS 341.10 Adoption of standards by
reference.
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(4) National Fire Protection Association[, 1
Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169−7471,
telephone 800−344−3555. Compressed
Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, NFPA[
55, 2010 edition.
Register May 2012 No. 677, eff. 6−1−12.
NFPA® 55
Compressed Gases and Cryogenic fluids Code
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2010 Edition
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This edition of NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and
cryogenic Fluids Code, was prepared by the
Technical Committee on Industrial and Medical
Gases.
It was issued by the Standards Council
on May 26, 2009, with an effective date of June 15,
2009, and supersedes all previous editions.
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Chapter 13 Insulated Liquid Carbon
Dioxide Systems
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13.1 General. The storage, use, and
handling of liquid carbon dioxide in insulated
systems shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Chapter 13 and Chapters 1
through 7 as applicable.
Pressure Relief Devices.
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13.1.1* Containers used for liquid carbon dioxide
shall be equipped with pressure relief devices piped
from the uppermost part of the containers and
communicating with the vapor space.
13.1.1.1 Physical Protection.
13.1.1.1.1 Pressure relief devices shall be located to
minimize tampering, damage, and obstruction to
flow.
13.1.1.1.2 The inlet and outlet of the relief devices
shall not be blocked by a valve or plug during normal
operation
Vent Pipe Systems.
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13.1.1.2 Vent Pipe Systems. Pressure relief devices shall be
piped to the outdoors where the discharge will not impinge on
the structure, personnel, or means of egress and will not create
a hazardous concentration of carbon dioxide.
13.1.1.2.1 Pressure relief devices from portable DOT 4L
containers that are not a component of a stationary system
shall not be required to meet the requirements of 13.1.1.2.
13.1.1.2.2* Vent piping systems serving pressure relief devices
shall be protected from water intrusion to prevent moisture or
solid carbon dioxide from collecting and freezing and interfering
with the operation of the pressure relief device.
13.1.1.2.3 Vent piping systems serving pressure relief devices
shall be designed to prevent backflow restrictions exceeding 10
percent backpressure on the pressure relief device under full
flow conditions.
13.1.2 Pressure and Level Indicators.
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13.1.2.1 Containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be
provided with a pressure gauge and a level gauge or
device for indicating the quantity of liquid carbon
dioxide.
13.1.2.2 These devices shall be designed for the
temperatures and pressures associated with liquid
carbon dioxide service.
13.1.2.3 Where containers, cylinders, and tanks are
in locations remote from the filling connection, a
means to determine when the containers have been
filled to their design capacity shall be provided and
shall be verifiable from the filling connection.
13.1.3 Piping Systems.
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13.1.3.1 Carbon dioxide piping shall be located and
supported to protect against damage from Strain on
piping and fittings; the effects of expansion,
contraction, and vibration; mechanical damage; and
heat sources.
13.1.3.2 Piping, tubing, and hoses and fittings shall
be designed to a bursting pressure of at least four
times the system design pressure.
13.1.4* Materials of Construction. Materials of
construction shall be employed for potential
exposure to a temperature of
-109.3°F (-78.5°C).
Operating Instructions
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13.1.5 Operating Instructions. Operating
instructions shall account for potential
exposure of personnel to extremely low
temperatures in accordance with 13.2.3.
13.2 Small Insulated Liquid Carbon
Dioxide Indoor Systems.
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13.2.1* Container foundations or floors in
multistoried buildings shall be designed to support
the weight of the system at its full capacity in
accordance with the building code.
13.2.2* Rooms or areas where container systems
are filled and used indoors or in enclosed outdoor
locations shall be provided with a gas detection and
alarm system that is capable of detecting and
notifying the building occupants of a gas release that
creates carbon dioxide vapors in excess of its PEL.
13.2.2.1* Activation of the gas detection system shall
initiate an audible alarm within the room or area in
which the system is installed.
Small Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Indoor Systems.
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13.2.2.2 Subsection 13.2.2 shall not apply to
manufacturer locations where containers are filled
indoors and distributed for use.
13.2.2.3 Activation of the gas detection system shall
sound a local alarm to notify persons responsible for
system operation of a hazard condition in the area in
which the system is installed.
13.2.3 A warning sign shall be posted at the entrance
to the building, room, enclosure, or confined area
where the container is located.
Small Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Indoor Systems.
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13.2.3.1 The warning sign shall be at least 8 in. (200
mm) wide and 6 in. (150 mm) high and state the
following:
CAUTION - CARBON DIOXIDE GAS.
Ventilate the area before entering.
A high carbon dioxide (C02) gas concentration in this
area can cause suffocation.
NFPA 55 Chapters 1 thru 7
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Chapter 1 Administration
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
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NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the
Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, 2007 edition.
ASME A13.1, Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems,
1996.
ANSI/ASME B31.3, Process Piping, 2008 edition.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, “Rules for the Construction
of Unfired Pressure Vessels,” Section VIII, 2007.
Chapter 3 Definitions
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3.3.22 Container.
3.3.22.1 Compressed Gas Container.
3.3.26 Cryogenic Fluid.
3.3.47* Gas Room, A separately ventilated, fully enclosed room in
which only compressed gases, cryogenic fluids, associated
equipment, and supplies are stored or used.
3.3.59 Maximum Allowable Quantity per Control Area (MAQ).
3.3.76 Small Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide System. An
assembly of equipment consisting of one or more insulated carbon
dioxide containers, interconnecting piping, pressure regulators, and
pressure relief devices. The capacity of individual containers is
1000 pounds of carbon dioxide or less.
3.3.82.1* Portable Tank.
3.3.82.2* Stationary Tank.
Chapter 4 General Requirements
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4.1 Permits. Permits shall be obtained in
accordance with the requirements of the jurisdiction
in which the facility operates. SBD-6314; PTO
4.2.1.1 An emergency plan shall be prepared and
updated wherever compressed gases or cryogenic
fluids are produced, handled, stored, or used in
amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity
(MAQ) per control area or where required by the
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).
Table 6.3.1.1 MAQ of Gases per Control Area
(Quantity Thresholds for Gases Requiring Special
Provisions)
Material
Cryogenic
fluid
Flammable
Oxidizing
Inert
Inert gas
Liquefied
Nonliquefied
Unsprinklered Areas
No Gas
Cabinet, Gas
Gas Cabinet,
Room, or
Gas Room, or
Exhausted
Exhausted
Enclosure
Enclosure
Sprinklered Areas
No Gas
Gas Cabinet,
Cabinet,
Gas Room, or
Gas Room, or Exhausted
Exhausted
Enclosure
Enclosure
0 gal (0 L)
45 gal (170 L)
No limit
45 gal (170 L)
90 gal (340 L)
No limit
45 gal (170 L)
90 gal (340 L)
No limit
45 gal (170 L)*
180 gal (681 L)
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
Chapter 4 General Requirements
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4.10.2.3 Identification of Gas Rooms and
Cabinets. Rooms or cabinets containing
compressed gases shall be conspicuously
labeled as follows:
COMPRESSED GAS
Chapter 6 Building-Related Controls
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6.1.1.1 Occupancy Requirements.
6.1.1.2 Occupancy Classification.
6.4 Gas Rooms. Gas rooms shall meet the
requirements of 6.4.1 through 6.4.5.
Gas Room Requirements
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6.4.1 Pressure Control. Gas rooms shall operate at
a negative pressure in relationship to the
surrounding area.
6.4.2 Exhaust Ventilation. Gas rooms shall be
provided with an exhaust ventilation system.
6.4.5 Construction. Gas rooms shall be constructed
in accordance with the building code.
6.4.4 Separation. Gas rooms shall be separated
from other occupancies by a minimum of 1-hour fire
resistance.
6.4.5 Limitation on Contents. The function of
compressed gas rooms shall be limited to storage
and use of compressed gases and associated
equipment and supplies.
6.11 Hazard Identification Signs.
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6.11.1 Location. Hazard identification signs shall be
placed at all entrances to locations where compressed
gases are produced, stored, used, or handled
6.11.1.1 Ratings shall be assigned in accordance with
NFPA 704.
6.11.1.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall be
permitted to waive 6.11.1 where consistent with safety.
6.11.2 Application. Signage shall be provided as
specified in 6.11.2.1 and 6.11.2.2.
6.11.2.1 Signs. Signs shall not be obscured or
removed.
6.11.2.2 No Smoking.
Ventilation
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6.15 Ventilation. Indoor storage and use areas and
storage buildings for compressed gases and cryogenic
fluids shall be provided with mechanical exhaust
ventilation or natural ventilation, where natural
ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the
material as stored.
6.15.1 Mechanical Ventilation. Where mechanical
ventilation is provided, the system shall be operational
during the time the building or space is occupied.
6.15.3 Mechanical Ventilation Rate. Mechanical
ventilation shall be at a rate of not less than 1 ft3/min/ft2
(0.3048 m3/ mm/rn2) of floor area over the area of
storage or use.
Ventilation Operation
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6.15.4 Continuous Operation. Systems shall
operate continuously unless an alternative design is
approved by the AHJ.
6.15.5 Shutoff Controls. Where powered ventilation
is provided, a manual shutoff switch shall be
provided outside the room in a position adjacent to
the principal access door to the room or in an
approved location.
6.15.6 Manual Shutoff Switch. The switch shall be
the break-glass or equivalent type and shall be
labeled as follows:
WARNING:
VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF
Exhaust System
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6.15.7 Inlets to the Exhaust System.
6.15.7.1 The exhaust ventilation system design shall
take into account the density of the potential gases
released.
6.15.7.2 For gases that are heavier than air, exhaust
shall be taken from a point within 12 in. (304.8 mm) of
the floor.
6.15.7.3 For gases that are lighter than air, exhaust
shall be taken from a point within 12 in. (304.8 mm) of
the ceiling
Exhaust System
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6.15.8 Floor Level Exhaust. The location of both the exhaust and
inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all
portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
6.15.9 Recirculation of Exhaust. Exhaust ventilation shall not be
recirculated within the room or building if the cylinders, containers, or
tanks stored are capable of releasing hazardous gases
6.15.10 Ventilation Discharge. Ventilation systems shall discharge a
minimum of 50 ft (15 m) from intakes of air handling systems, airconditioning equipment, and air compressors.
6.15.11 Air Intakes. Storage and use of compressed gases shall be
located not less than 50 ft (15 m) from air intakes. For material-specific
requirements, see Sections 7.4 through 7.10.
Chapter 7 Compressed Gases
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7.1.5.5 Pressure Relief Devices.
7.1.5.5.1 When required by 7.1.5.5.2, pressure relief devices shall be
provided to protect containers and systems containing compressed
gases from rupture in the event of overpressure from thermal
exposure.
7.1.5.5.2 Pressure relief devices to protect containers shall be
designed and provided in accordance with CGA S-1.1, Pressure
Relief Device Standards - Part 1- Cylinders for Compressed Gases,
for cylinders; CGA S-1.2, Pressure Relief Device Standards - Part 2 Cargo and Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases, for portable
tanks; and CGA S-1 .3, Pressure Relief Device Standards -Part 3Stationary Storage Containers for Compressed Gases, for stationary
tanks or in accordance with applicable equivalent requirements in the
country of use.
Pressure Relief Devices
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7.1.5.5.4 The pressure relief device shall have the capacity to
prevent the maximum design pressure of the container or system
from being exceeded.
7.1.5.5.5 Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge
unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent any
impingement of escaping gas upon the container, adjacent
structures, or personnel. This requirement shall not apply to DOT
specification containers having an internal volume of 2.0 ft3 (0.057
m3) or less.
7.1.5.5.6 Pressure relief devices or vent piping shall be designed or
located so that moisture cannot collect and freeze in a manner that
would interfere with operation of the device.
7.1.5.5.3 Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with
the specifications to which the container was fabricated.
Piping
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7.3.1.3 Piping Systems. Piping, tubing,
fittings, and related components shall be
designed, fabricated, and tested in
accordance with the requirements of
ANSI/ASME B31.3, Process Piping, or other
approved standards.
Security
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7.1.8 Security.
7.1.8.1 General. Compressed gas containers,
cylinders, tanks, and systems shall be secured
against accidental dislodgement and against
access by unauthorized personnel.
7.1.8.2 Security of Areas. Storage, use, and
handling areas shall be secured against
unauthorized entry.
7.1.8.3 Physical Protection
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7.1.8.3.1 Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems
that could be exposed to physical damage shall be protected.
7.1.8.3.2 Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect
compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems indoors
and outdoors from vehicular damage. (See Section 4.11.)
7.1.8.3.3 Where guard posts are installed, the posts shall meet the
following criteria:
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(1) They shall be constructed of steel not less than 4 in. (100 mm) in
diameter and concrete-filled.
(2) They shall be spaced not more than 4 ft (1.2 m) between posts on
center.
(3) They shall be set not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) deep in a concrete footing
of not less than a 15 in. (380 mm) diameter.
(4) They shall be set with the top of the posts not less than 8 ft (0.9 m)
above ground.
(5) They shall be located not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the tank.
Securing Compressed Gas Containers,
Cylinders, and Tanks.
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7.1.8.4 Securing Compressed Gas Containers,
Cylinders, and Tanks. Compressed gas containers,
cylinders, and tanks in use or in storage shall be
secured to prevent them from falling or being knocked
over by corralling them and securing them to a cart,
framework, or fixed object by use of a restraint, unless
otherwise permitted by 7.1.8.4.1 and 7.1.8.4.2.
7.1.8.4.1 Compressed gas containers, cylinders, and
tanks in the process of examination, servicing, and
refilling shall not be required to be secured.
7.1.8.4.2 At cylinder-filling plants and distributors’
warehouses, the nesting of cylinders shall be permitted
as a means to secure cylinders.
Unit Conversion Data for Carbon Dioxide
Weight
pounds
(lb)
1 pound
tons
(t)
Gas
kilograms
(kg)
cubic feet
(scf)
Liquid
cu meters
(Nm3)
gallons
Solid
liters
(gal)
(l)
cubic feet
(cu ft)
1.0
0.0005
0.4536
8.741
0.2294
0.11806
0.4469
0.010246
1 short ton
2000.0
1.0
907.2
17483
458.8
236.1
893.9
20.49
1 kilogram
2.205
0.0011023
1.0
19.253
0.5058
0.2603
0.9860
0.226
1 scf gas
0.1144
--
0.05189
1.0
0.02628
0.013508
0.05113
0.0011723
1 Nm3 gas
4.359
0.00218
1.9772
38.04
1.0
0.5146
1.948
0.04468
1 gal liquid
8.470
0.004235
3.842
74.04
1.9431
1.0
3.785
0.08678
1 liter liquid
2.238
0.0011185
1.0151
19.562
0.5134
0.2642
1.0
0.02293
1 cu ft (solid)
97.56
0.0488
44.25
852.8
22.38
11.518
43.60
1.0
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