Transcript Document
The Buzz About Mosquito Control
J O D I S C O T T , M S E D U C A T I O N A N D P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S A N A S T A S I A M O S Q U I T O C O N T R O L D I S T R I C T S T . A U G U S T I N E , F L
The Good, The Bad and The Funny Looking
Good: Male Mosquitoes Food Source Bad: Female Mosquitoes Can Vector Pathogens: Larvae WNV Malaria Dengue EEE Dog Heart Worm Funny Looking:
Mosquitoes VS. Bees
• • • • • Size: Very small • • Habitats: Larvae found in water Adults found foraging around people and plants • • Activity time: Night Most 1-2 hours after sunset or sun rise • Areas of activity: Around water and people/animals • • • • • Size: 10 to 20 times bigger • • Habitats: Larvae found in hive Adults found foraging from flowers • Activity time: Day • Areas of activity: Around plants and vegetative flowers
Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM)
• Education • Source Reduction • Adulticiding • Larviciding
Source Reduction
IMM
Education
Larviciding
IMM
Adulticiding
Control Methods: Larval
Applying Bti: Bacteria/ Stomach poison Source Reduction: Drain & Washout
Control Methods: Adults
Physical & Mechanical: Screen doors & windows Sticky Traps Attractive Traps Personal Protection: Clothing & Repellents Chemical Control: Permethrin Sumithrin for Ground Dibrom for Air
Can The Pesticides Used For Mosquito Control Kill Honey Bees?
Yes If directly applied to honey bees And in the case of overdoses
Does Mosquito Control Kill Honey Bees?
No!
Why?
AMCD’S Adult Mosquito Control Operation:
M O S Q U I T O C O N T R O L L A W ( C H A P T E R 3 8 8 ) & D A C ’ S C O D E ( % E - 1 3 ) : U L V A P P L I C A T I O N O F P E S T I C I D E F O R A D U L T M O S Q U I T O E S H A S T O B E J U S T I F I E D B A S E D O N : V I R A L C A S E S O F : H U M A N S O R A N I M A L S P O S I T I V E V I R A L C A S E S O F S E N T I N E L A N I M A L S & M O S Q U I T O E S H I G H N U M B E R S D U R I N G L A N D I N G R A T E C O U N T S A N D C O L L E C T I O N S O F M O S Q U I T O E S I N A R E A S ( > 2 5 M O S Q U I T O E S ) S P E C I A L C O N D I T I O N S : F L O O D , H U R R I C A N E S A N D V I R A L O U T B R E A K S
AMCD’S Adult Mosquito Control Operation:
G R O U N D U L V S P R A Y I N G O F : P E R M E T H R I N N O S M E L L E F F E C T I V E 0 . 0 0 1 7 O Z P E R A C R E A E R I A L S P R A Y I N G F O R H O T S P O T S & E M E R G E N C Y S P R A Y I N G : D I B R O M 0 . 5 - 0 . 6 O Z P E R A C R E B A S E D O N W E A T H E R , D I S E A S E O U T B R E A K & N E E D F O R I T * W E H A V E A N O F L Y L I S T A N D D O N O T S P R A Y C O N S E R V A T I O N L A N D S & F E D E R A L / S T A T E P A R K S W I T H O U T D I S E A S E
Research: Dr. Harry Zhong, FAMU
ASSESSMENTS OF THE IMPACT OF AERIAL ULV APPLICATIONS OF DIBROM ON HONEY BEES IN MANATEE COUNTY (1999-2000)
Research Location & Hive Set-Up
• • • • • Location: Palmetto, Manatee County, Florida Two Treatment Sites: Terra Ceira Rd & Port Manatee One Control Site: Manatee Fruit at Cortez Rd 16 Bee Hives (in a cluster of 4) were set up at each site 8 Hives in open and 8 hives in forest area at Terra Ceira Rd
Sample Collection
• • • • • Dibrom Residue Yarn Samples • Naled Concentration In Air Filter Paper Samples • Naled Ground Deposition Bee Mortality • Dead Bee Trap Screen 1/8 Inch Hardware Cloth With Surface Area 0.19m
2 & Height 25cm • *Dead bees collected before and after aerial ULV application
Dead bees found in a screened dead bee collector
09/11/2008 Zhong -- AMCD 2008-2
09/11/2008 Zhong -- AMCD 2008-2
Honey Production (1999 & 2000)
• • • • 1999 • • Site 1 Open Forest 52.5 ± 23.7 lbs 46.8 ± 35.0 lbs • Site 2 Open 71.2 ± 24.7 lbs • Site 3 (Control Site) Open 88.6 ± 38.4 lbs 2000 73.4 ± 45.8 lbs 98.3 ± 49.9 Ibs %INCREASE 40% 110% 107.6 ± 28.7 lbs 114.8 ± 38.3 lbs 51% 30% 09/11/2008 Zhong -- AMCD 2008-2
Dibrom Residue Impact on Honeybees
• Bee Mortality was correlated with Naled residue ground deposition • Filter Paper Data • When Nale residue was less than 1500 μg/m 2 , bee mortality was not significantly different between treated and control groups • Honey Production was not significantly different between spray and control sites 09/11/2008 Zhong -- AMCD 2008-2
Minimize Honey Bee Mortality
Mosquito Control District
Reduce Naled residue deposits near hives Inform Bee Keepers when spraying will occur Continue implementing IMM practices
Bee Keepers
Reduce number of honeybees resting in front of hive during the night Orient the hive entrance direction to downwind to reduce the exposure Place hive in vegetated area- trees or tall grass low bee mortality
Florida Bee Kill Investigation Report
9 Separate bee keepers in 7 counties reported kills between September & November 2011 Investigation by DACS/DPI Initial report by bee keepers implicated mosquito control activities Collected samples from affected bee keepers Inspected pesticide use: mosquito & agricultural operations Collected dead bees, combs & honey, swabbed samples from hive exteriors and materials found in the hives being used for control of bee pests
Florida Bee Kill Investigation Report
Fipronil in sugar syrup used to feed colonies most likely explanation of the bee kills experienced in Brevard County As the colonies that were exposed to this material declined, foragers from neighboring hives robbed the fipronil-tainted syrup or the honey made from the syrup and experienced bee deaths as well
Florida Bee Kill Investigation Report
Fipronil in sugar water has been used to eradicate feral bee colonies in New Zealand Bee kills outside of the Brevard /Indian River County area have not been linked to any intentional poisoning or pesticide misuse.
Misuse of amitraz for varron mite control, and fipronil containing traps for hive beetle control was observed at a number of locations.
Bee Deaths in St. Johns County
May 2011 • • • • B e e k e e p e r f r o m S R 1 6 c o m p l a i n e d t h a t m o s q u i t o c o n t r o l s p r a y b y a i r p l a n e k i l l e d m a n y o f h i s b e e s D A C S d i d i n v e s t i g a t i o n f r o m A p r i l t o M a y N o m o s q u i t o s p r a y i n S t . J o h n s i n A p r i l a n d M a y b y a e r i a l B e e k e e p e r s a w J a c k s o n v i l l e M o s q u i t o C o n t r o l a i r p l a n e f l y b y h i s a r e a .
• • Flight was a test run, no chemicals dispensed T h e c a s e w a s d i s m i s s e d i n l a t e M a y
Contact Information: AMCD 500 Old Beach Rd St. Augustine, FL 32080 904-471-3107 www.amcdsjc.org