Transcript 2005 T24 Acceptance Testing

2005 Title 24 Nonresidential
Acceptance Requirements
Mechanical Designer Training
Presented by
Tav Commins
California Energy Commission
Overview
First Energy Codes for California
developed in 1973.
Code is updated every three years.
Residential Code and Nonresidential
Code
2
Overview
Two ways to comply (Prescriptive and
Performance)
Prescriptive – Listed values for efficiency
of equipment, walls and the maximum
amount of glass that may be installed.
Performance – The building is modeled
using a approved computer program.
3
Overview
All conditioned buildings must
comply with the energy code.
All nonconditioned commercial
buildings must comply with the
indoor lighting requirements.
4
Overview
October 1st 2005 latest code revision
went into place.
Commercial and Residential
buildings now require verification
that key pieces of equipment were
installed properly.
5
When must the tests be
conducted?
All new construction
In existing buildings when that piece
of equipment is replaced.
6
Overview
Building Efficiency is a product of:
 Design, materials & equipment
 Installation and set-up
 Occupant patterns and control
Traditional standards
 Specify materials, equipment, controls
 Law of diminishing returns for more eff equip
2005 Title 24 Part 6 Energy Standards
 Assure equipment works as intended
7
What is Acceptance Testing?
Two components of acceptance
testing
Construction inspection
Is the specified equipment that is required to be
installed actually there
Equipment testing
Does the equipment work as intended
Functional “performance” tests
Does Not replace commissioning
Commissioning – broader scope
8
Project Overview
Definition of Acceptance Testing Requirements
Acceptance Testing requirements are
defined as the application of targeted
inspection checks and testing to determine
whether specific building systems conform
to the criteria set forth in the Standards
and to the plans and specifications.
9
Is Acceptance Testing Needed?
PIER Small Commercial HVAC survey
http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2003-11-17_500-03-082.PDF
Small commercial buildings < 4 yrs old
64% of economizers failed
Cooling energy increased by 37%
38% of supply fans cycling during occupancy
Violation of Title 24, §121(c)1
30% unoccupied fan operation
Increase of fan and heating energy
8% no outside air
8% simultaneous heating and cooling
10
What Systems are Included
HVAC
All packaged HVAC systems
All built-up HVAC systems
Hydronic systems
Lighting Controls
11
Acceptance Tests
Required self-certification that
equipment was tested and works as
intended by the Standards
Liability trail results from cheating on
test
Only one test (air distribution
efficiency-leakage) requires 3rd party
testing
Home Energy Rating Service (HERS)
12
Resources
2005 Building Energy Efficiency Standards
for Residential and Nonresidential (Title
24)
2005 Nonresidential Energy Compliance
Manual
 Chapter 4 – Mechanical Systems
 Chapter 8 – Acceptance Requirements
 End of Manual - Compliance and Acceptance
Forms
CEC Resources
 http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24
 CEC Bldg Standards Hotline (800)772-3300
13
Acceptance Chapter (Chapter 8)
Nonresidential Manual
Overview of compliance process
At-A-Glance - 2 page overview of test
Purpose
 Estimated Time
Benefits
 Warnings or Cautions
Instrumentation  Test conditions
Acceptance Criteria
Detailed test description
14
Acceptance and Compliance
Forms
Found in Appendix A of the Nonresidential
Manual
Compliance forms
 Filled out by designer
 MECH-1-C (C for compliance)
Acceptance Forms
 Filled out by person conducting test
 Usually contractor, TAB or commissioning agent
 MECH-1-A (A for acceptance)
15
Compliance Forms
Compliance documentation with
equipment specification and forms
MECH-1-C lists all tests and which
equipment must by tested
MECH-1-C lists designated personnel to
perform tests
MECH-3-C lists design minimum outside air
Criteria for outside air tests (NJ.3.1 & 3.2)
16
Acceptance Forms
Installing contractor or other “eligible
professional” conducts tests and fills
out MECH-#-A acceptance forms
Equipment test - until it passes all
tests
Completed forms handed to
inspector along with other
documentation
Certificate of Occupancy Granted
17
Designer Has a Big Impact on Ease
and Cost of Acceptance Tests
Designer clearly identifies tests
Problem if covered equipment not specified
on MECH-1-C form and later needs testing
Designer specifies equipment
Pre-calibrated equipment is cheaper
Designer builds in test capabilities
Test ports and pre-installed gages
Valves for isolating equipment
18
Key Statements in MECH-1-C
The plans meet code
I am qualified to sign these forms
List of all mechanical acceptance
tests with blanks for:
Equipment to be tested
Who will test equipment
Installing Contractor
Design Professional
Agent Selected by Owner
19
MECH-1-C Note to Bidders
“Since the MECH-1-C will be part of
the plans, completion of this section
will allow the responsible party to
budget accordingly”
Be careful to budget appropriately
Make note of this section to potential
bidders
20
Compliance forms end in “–C”
21
22
People Certified to Perform Tests
The installing contractor, engineer of
record, TAB contractor, or owner’s agent
(i.e. 3rd party Cx provider)
The building inspector has the authority
to require the Acceptance Agent to
demonstrate competence, to his/her
satisfaction
23
Equipment Specification
Equipment specification can reduce level of
acceptance testing and cost
 Thermostats with Pre-programmed schedules
Factory calibrated sensors with documentation
 Pressure sensor for Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) control
 Air flow monitoring station
 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) CO2 sensor
calibrated ± 75 ppm
 Supply water temp reset sensor
Alternative is field calibration against reference
sensor by using acceptance protocols
24
Air-side acceptance test forms
Acceptance
Forms
ACM Section and Test
MECH-2-A
NJ 3.1 Variable Air Volume Systems Outdoor
Air
NJ 3.2 Constant Volume Systems Outdoor Air
MECH-3-A
NJ 4.1 Constant Volume Packaged HVAC
Systems
MECH-4-A
NJ 7.1 (Air-side) Economizer
MECH-5-A
NJ 5.1 Air Distribution
MECH-6-A
NJ 8.1 Demand Control Ventilation
MECH-7-A
NJ 9.1 Supply Fan Variable Flow Controls
25
Hydronic Acceptance Forms
Acceptance
Forms
ACM Section and Test
NJ 10.1 Variable Flow Controls
NJ 10.2 Automatic Isolation Controls
MECH-8-A
NJ 10.3 Supply Water Temperature
Reset Controls
NJ 10.4 Water-loop Heat Pump
Controls
NJ 10.5 Variable Frequency Drive
Controls
26
MECH-2-A Outside Air
Same form used to document outside air
acceptance for:
 CAV – constant air volume NJ.3.2
 VAV – variable air volume NJ.3.1
Measured minimum outside air must be
within 10% of design minimum outside air
Test and Balance (TAB) contractor is
probably the best qualified and has proper
flow measurement tools available
27
MECH-2-A VAV Outdoor Air
“Sensor used to control outdoor air flow
must have calibration certificate or be
field calibrated”
Air flow monitoring station
Pressure across dedicated fixed damper
28
MECH-2-A VAV Outdoor Air
Contractor must set minimum
outdoor air within 10% of design
outdoor air at full flow and at
minimum flow
Control strategies discussed in
Mechanical Chapter of Nonresidential
Manual
29
MECH-2-A Outside Air
Measurement
Calibrated air flow
station
Pitot traverse in a
straight section of
duct
Pitot traverse
across O/A inlet
30
MECH-3-A
Constant Volume Packaged HVAC Test
Thermostats or zone temperature control
 Thermostat or zone temperature sensor is
located in zone served by unit
 T-stat has capability of 5º deadband between
heating and cooling
 Occupied, unoccupied and holiday schedule
programmed
 One hour pre-occupancy “purge” – turns on
fans 1 hour before occupied.
 Set-up and set-backs programmed as per
design instructions
31
MECH-3-A
Constant Volume Packaged HVAC Systems
Residential thermostats won’t work
 Occupied: Fan must run continuously
 Unoccupied: Fan runs intermittently to supply load
Timed manual override of unoccupied
settings
Outside air damper position
 Minimum position during occupied period
 Closed during unoccupied periods
Test likely conducted by HVAC contractor
and perhaps Controls contractor
32
MECH-4-A Economizer
Construction Inspection
Likely performed by HVAC contractor
High limit setpoint not greater than listed
in Table 144-C per Standards Section
144(e)3
High limit sensors
 are factory calibrated with calibration
certificate or
field calibrated.
Which is easier?
33
MECH-4-A Economizer
Construction Inspection
Integrated economizer §144(e)2B
 Capable of providing partial cooling even when
additional mechanical cooling is needed to meet
the load
 EMS systems – cooling coil modulates to provide
remainder of load
 Stand-alone systems – two stage thermostat is
minimally compliant
When outdoor air temp below high limit, economizer
provides 1st stage cooling
When O/A > high limit first stage of cooling provided by
compressor
2nd stage of cooling provided by compressor
34
MECH-4-A Economizer
Equipment testing
Not required if economizer is factory
installed and tested
 Attach manufacturer’s certification
Field installed or if no factory certification
 Simulate cooling load and enable economizer
O/A damper opens, return damper closes and relief is
provided by relief damper or exhaust damper
Mechanical cooling enabled only if economizer can’t meet
load
 Simulate cooling load and disable economizer
O/A damper closes, return damper opens
Mechanical cooling enabled
35
MECH-5-A Air Distribution §144(k)
Small (<5,000 sf) CV systems only
When > 25% of duct surface is
outdoors or in unconditioned space
Place greater than 75% of ducts under
insulated roof – test not needed
Ducts must be tested for duct leakage
by the installing contractor and
verified by a 3rd party HERS rater.
36
MECH-5-A Construction Inspection
Drawbands
Stainless steel worm drive or
UV resistant nylon duct ties
Must use UL 181 tape or mastic
Cloth backed duct tape not used
unless with drawbands and mastic
R-8 insulation on all ducts in
unconditioned spaces
37
MECH-5-A Duct testing
38
MECH5-A Leakage Test
New Construction
Rated flow from capacity
 400 cfm/ton
 21.7 cfm/kBtuh heating only systems
Seal all diffusers
Pressurize system to 25 Pa (0.1 in WC) with
fan with calibrated orifice (duct blaster)
Measured leakage no greater than 6% of
rated flow
Conducted by HVAC contractor. Must seal
all leakes
Verified by HERS rater
39
MECH-5-A Duct Sealing on Retrofits
§144(k), 149(b)1D&E
Applies to small Constant Volume system
with ducts in unconditioned spaces when:
 Any amount of ducts replaced or added, or
 Changeout of HVAC system, or
 Major repair (new condenser, new coil)
Existing ducts:
 Leakage ≤15% of rated supply flow, or
 >60% reduction of leakage prior to sealing ducts
with all visible leaks sealed, or
 Can’t access the ducts and all visible leaks are
sealed as certified by a HERS rater
Exceptions
 Asbestos
 Existing ducts that were previously certified
40
MECH-6-A Demand Control
Ventilation
Likely conducted by controls
contractor
Construction Inspection
Sensor mounted in room between 1 and 6
ft from floor
Calibration
Factory calibrated with manufacturer’s
certification of ± 75 ppm accuracy
Field calibrated using reference gas or
reference sensor
Which is easier?
41
MECH-6-A DCV Equipment Test
Simulate a high CO2 load
Decrease CO2 setpoint or breathe on
sensor
Outside air damper modulates open
To design outside air setting from MECH-3-C
Simulate a low CO2 load
Increase CO2 setpoint, don’t breath on
sensor
Outside air modulates to minimum position
42
MECH-7-A Supply Fan Variable
Frequency Drive
Construction inspection
 Factory calibrated pressure sensors with certificate
(don’t lose these!)
 Field calibration against a reference sensor
Equipment testing
 Full flow – all boxes calling for cooling
Measured pressure within 10% of control pressure
 Reduced flow – boxes not calling for cooling
Measured pressure within 10% of control pressure
 Reduced flow pressure ≤ full flow pressure
43
MECH-8-A Hydronic Tests
Construction inspection
Confirm piping, sensors and controls are
located as shown on plans
Sensors are factory calibrated or field
calibrated
Temperature for temperature reset
Pressure for VFD control
44
Summary
Acceptance tests assure that your design intent
for energy savings is executed
Most automatic controls have an associated
acceptance test
The designer identifies which tests get applied to
which equipment on the MECH-1-C form
Construction bids need to account for the costs of
conducting and documenting the acceptance
tests
Specifying factory calibrated and factory installed
equipment can dramatically reduce testing costs
Some designs reduce the amount of testing
needed
 ducts run under an insulated roof
 factory installed economizers
45
Resources – 2005/2008
Standard
Energy Efficiency Hotline
Open 8:00 to 12:00 and 1: to 4:30
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 916-654-5106 or
Phone: 1-800-772-3300
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
California Commissioning Collaborative
www.cacx.org
46
Questions
Um Bob, I
have a
question….
47