Transcript THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE CARTAGENA

THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND
THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY
Banpot Napompeth *
Adviser
National Biological Control Research Center (NBCRC)
Kasetsart University, Bangkok Thailand
* Chairman, National Biosafety Committee
Chairman, Ad Hoc Working Group on BWC
Chairman, Ad Hoc Working Group on IAS
Chairman, Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety
Law Drafting Committee
Chronology of the Events on the Global Environment and Development
Leading to the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol
on Biosafety
• 1962 Rachel Carson’s SILENT SPRING
• 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment organized in Stockholm,
Sweden (The Stockholm Conference)
• 1981 IUCN began drafting the “Convention on Biological Diversity”
• 1987 UN World Commission on Environment and Development
(The concept of Sustainable Development initiated)
• December 1989 UN General Assembly (UNGA) called for a meeting of all
the nations on earth to deal with the problems and resolutions on matters
related to the environment and development (“An Earth Summit”)
• May 22, 1992 UN Convention on Biological Biodiversity (CBD) adopted
• June 13, 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) (The Earth Summit/The Rio Summit) organized in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil (Signing of the CBD) (67 signatures)
• December 29, 1992 CBD entered into force on the 90th day after the date
of deposit of the 30th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession (now 188 Parties, Thailand is the 188th Party)
• January 29, 2000 at 04:50 AM the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
adopted in Montreal, Canada
• September 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD),
or the Rio + 10, or the Johannesburg Summit
(WEHABE - Water, Environment, Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity,
and Education)
(Johannesburg Plan of Implementation)
(To reduce biological diversity loss by 2010)
(Partnership Types I and II)
• September 11, 2003 the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety entered into force ,
the 90th day after the date of deposit of the 50th instrument of ratification,
approval or accession by States or regional economic integration
organizations that are Parties to the CBD
(as of August 4, 2004 there are 107 Parties, Thailand is yet to ratify the
Protocol)
Globally Important International Agreements Related to Biological
Diversity from the Rio Summit
• The Rio Declaration on the Environment and Development
• Agenda 21 (Programs of Action for Sustainable Development)
• CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity)
The Rio Declaration on the Environment and Development
Agenda 21
(Program of Action for Sustainable Development)
• A document of “Hope”
• A principal global plan to confront and overcome the economic and
ecological problems of the late 20th Century into the 21st Century
• It provides a comprehensive blueprint for humanity to use to forge its
way into the 21st Century
• It is not a static document, it is a plan action
• It is meant to be a hands-on instrument to guide the development of
the earth in a sustainable manner
Agenda 21
Chapter 16 - Environmentally Sound Management
of Biotechnology
Program Area D: Enhancing safety and developing
international mechanism for cooperation
Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD)
(Conservation of Biological Diversity, Sustainable Use of Its Components and
Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefit Arising out of the utilization of
Genetic Resources)
Article 19 - Handling of Biotechnology and
Distribution of Its Benefits
Para 3 – “The Parties shall consider the need for and
modalities of a protocol setting out appropriate
procedures, including, in particular, advance
informed agreement (AIA), in the field of safe
transfer, handling and use of any living
modified organism (LMO) resulting from
biotechnology that may have adverse effect on
the conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity”
International Legally Binding Agreement Under the CBD
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
(Ensuring an Adequate Level of Protection in the Field of the Safe Transfer,
Handling and Use of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) Resulting from
Modern Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering) that May have Adverse Effects
on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity, Taking also
into Account Risks to Human Health, and specifically focusing on
Transboundary Movements)
Tools under the Cartagena Protocol to promote biosafety
• Advance Informed Agreement (AIA)
• Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH)
• Risk Assessment and Risk Management Framework
• Capacity Building
• Public Awareness
Conferences of the Parties
(COPs)
Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP) Serving
as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
(COP/MOP)
Open Ended AD Hoc Working Group on Biosafety
(BSWG)
and
Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
(ICCP)
Conferences of the Parties (COPs):
COP-1 Nassau, The Bahamas
(November – December 1994)
COP-2 Jakarta, Indonesia
(November 1995)
Decision II/5 established an Open Ended Ad Hoc
Working Group on Biosafety (BSWG)
COP-3 Buenos Aires, Argentina
(November 1996)
COP-4 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
(May 1998)
COP-5 Nairobi, Kenya
(May 2000)
Signing of the Cartagena Protocol
(67 signatures)
Intergovernmental Committee for the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (ICCP) was
established by Resumed ExCOP in Montreal
when the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
was adopted January 29, 2000
COP-6 The Hague, The Netherlands
(April 2000)
COP-7 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(February 2004)
COP-8 Brazil
(The first half of 2006)
CBD Negotiating Groups:
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European Community (EU)
JUSCANZ (Japan, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand)
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
GRULAC (Latin American and Caribbean Group)
African Group
Asia and Pacific Group
Others:
- Arab Group
- G-77/China
- Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
- Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries
Conference of the Parties to the CBD serving as the Meeting of the Parties
to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (COP/MOP):
COP/MOP-1 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(February 2004, back to back with COP-7)
COP/MOP-2 Montreal, Canada
(2005)
Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety Meetings:
BSWG-1 Aarhus, Denmark (July 1996)
BSWG-2 Montreal, Canada (May 1997)
BSWG-3 Montreal, Canada (October 1997)
BSWG-4 Montreal, Canada (February 1998)
BSWG-5 Montreal, Canada (August 1998)
BSWG-6 Cartagena, Colombia (February 1999)
ExCOP Meeting (February 1999)
Informal Consultations to resume the ExCOP:
- Montreal, Canada (July 1, 1999)
- Vienna, Austria (September 15-19, 1999)
“Vienna Setting” (A Hexagonal Negotiating Table)
established = Chair + 5 Negotiating Groups
“Vienna Setting” was to be used at the Resumed ExCOP
in Montreal January 24-28, 2000
(Ironically, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
was not adopted until 04:50 AM January 29, 2000
ICCP Meetings:
ICCP-1 Montpellier, France
(December 2000)
ICCP-2 Nairobi Kenya
(October 2001)
ICCP-3 The Hague, The Netherlands
(April 2002, back to back with COP-7)
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Negotiating Groups:
• European Union (EU)
• Central and Eastern European Group (CEE)
• Miami Group (Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, United States, Uruguay)
• Like-minded Group (most developing countries)
• Compromise Group (Japan, Mexico, Norway, Republic of Korea and
Switzerland, later New Zealand and Singapore joined)
Other CBD Related Meetings:
• COP Bureau Meeting: (12 members)
- Chair (COP President)
- Vice Chair (Past COP President)
- Regional Representatives: (10)
- European Community (EU) (1)
- Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) (1)
- GRULAC (2)
- JUSCANZ (2)
- African Group (2)
- Asia and Pacific Group (2)
• SBSTTA - Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological
Advice, according to CBD Article 25
• Other Subsidiary Bodies : Expert Groups, Ad Hoc Working Groups etc
• High Level Ministerial Segment during each COP
Thank you all !