Session I, part II (Motor Development: Re
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Transcript Session I, part II (Motor Development: Re
Review
• Dynamical systems theory explains change in
systems that exchange energy with the
surrounding environment
• DST explains how behavior changes through
self organization
– typically no one teaches a child to run…
– speed is the catalyst
Motor Development
Re-conceptualizing Developmental
Change in Movement Patterns
Life Span Motor Development
Evolution of a Theory
& Research Program
In the beginning...a clinician!
a knowledge of
neurodevelopmental
theory
a fascination with
righting and
equilibrium reactions
a love for movement
analysis
Neurodevelopmental Theory
development is a
process of reflex
integration
Motor lower level automatic
behavior gives way to
Ctx
Midbrain
higher level volitional
Brain stem Level
control
Spinal Level
Neurodevelopmental Theory
Progressive
Positive
Add Abilities
End State Oriented
(maturity is the end
state)
Neurodevelopmental Theory
CNS = Cause of
Change
Biological Theory of Aging...
Regressive
Negative
Loss of Abilities
End state oriented
(end state = death)
Life Span Theory
Development
followed by Aging
Milani - Comparetti
Milani Comparetti = my personal
Control Variable!
Change of State
Virginia... (1970s)
Wisconsin (1980s)
The Doctoral Experience
Roberton’s Component Model
Developmental Stages of Throwing
Reliability of assigning Stages
Developmental Change within
Components of Body Action
Component Model of Development
Upper Limbs
Axial Region
Lower Limbs
Lawrence & Kuypers
Three descending
control systems
medial system – controls axial region
lateral system – controls proximal limb
movements
in primate studies the lateral system allowed for
differentiated arm movements
cortical system – controls distal movements
in primate studies allowed individuated finger
movments
Straying into Systems models
Not just one big hierarchy
Roberton was studying development in those
systems!
Applying Roberton’s Method
Taking it to a new task
From Throwing to Righting
Learning the Research Process
Righting Reactions
Developed during 1st year of life
Rolling to prone
Up on hands and knees
Into sitting
Quadruped to kneeling
Kneeling to Half Kneel
Up to Stand
Righting Reactions
• Movements couple together to assume erect
stance
• Foundation for Physical Independence
Righting Reactions
First Rotational movements then
Symmetrical
But observations of young adults in PT
school revealed all were not using
symmetrical form
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor
Young Adults
Why Young Adults?
variability in PT students impressive
a very few showed symmetrical form when rising
Roberton examined variability to get stages of
throwing
Lifespan perspective
hypothesis: variation was “developmental”
Sequences
If person is in a stage he/she shows stable
behavior characteristic of that stage
If a person is moving from one stage to
another
shows variable behavior characteristic of those
two neighboring stages
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor
Young Adults
Variability continued to be impressive across 10 trials
Described action in each of three components of body
action
able to identify neighboring stages for each body region
Really out on a Limb
Studies of Righting
Rising to Standing from the Floor
Children
Age differences confirmed sequences of movement
pattern development identified from adult patterns of
variation
Component Model affirmed