Transcript Telecom Network Power Consumption

ETNO Paris
2006-12-14
Telecom NW Power Consumption
Tomas Edler
Business Unit Access
Ericsson AB
[email protected]
Source:
[email protected]
Content
Digital Power Part omitted
 LCA, Telecom systems Life Cycle Assessment
– LCA method
– Fixed & Mobile NW results
– Way Forward – upcoming LCA on Fixed NW
 Power Consumption and Efficiency of Teleocm
Equipment
– Code of Conduct versus standardization.
– ETSI EE/EEPS contributions. Power efficiency as a base
for benchmarking of performance & improvements.
DSL efficiency figures – based on simulations.
– Example. Traffic and site models applied to EC CoC DSL
equipment power targets. Operator and Subscriber Power
costs.
Ericsson Confidential
2
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
LCA Method
Ericsson Confidential
3
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
LCA - Life Cycle Assessment
Ericsson Kista
Operation
(xxx)
(e.g. coal based
electricity production)
Manufacturing
Transports&Travel
(e.g. copper mining
and smelting)
Ericsson Confidential
4
End-of-life treatment
(This is a worst case example from China)
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
LCA explained on one slide...
An LCA is a very iterative process





Physical description - studied product/system, system
boundaries, functional unit - sets the LCA start parameters.
LCI, Life Cycle Inventory - Starts with your product/system,
ends with a lot of data for resource consumptions and
emissions from all life cycle phases and activities associated
with your product/system.
LCIA, LC Impact Assessment - Takes on where the LCI stops.
Translates LCI end data into environmental impact data.
LCSEA, LC Stressor-Effects Assessment - A more advanced
LCIA, sets further requirements on LCI data.
Results interpretation - The LCA results can be summed
accross environmental impact categories, life cycle phases,
parts of the product/system. An LCA gives complex results and
a lot of time must be spent on understanding and presentation.
”The truth”
X
(An LCA is a very resource hungry method...
But to come near the truth is better than just guess.
And life cycle thinking is the key, with that, you can
come a long way.)
Your results
log [”Effort”]
Ericsson Confidential
5
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
1. General LCA Model  Total “Site” View
Emissions to air
(ex: CO2, NOX)
Input of energy and
energy carriers
LCA model
Use of land
resources
Use EoLT
Recycling
Emissions to
ground (ex: RHW)
Transports
Input of
products
Manuf.
Site model
Input of ancillary
products
Use of natural resources
(ex: Crude Oil)
Emissions to water
(ex: Cu)
Ericsson Confidential
6
Output of
product(s)
Output of waste
(incl. recycling)
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
Model examples
(1 model built from
several suppliers:
• 2 ICs
• PCBs
• 9 component fam.
• LCDs
• Batteries
• PBA processes
• 3 diff. mech. proc.
2006-12-13
2. Life Cycle Inventory - LCI
World average 3G system, annual operation
Original green field system end 2001
Equipm ent
Term inals
RBS sites
- RBS 3202, 3*1
- Battery cells
- Site m aterials
RNC + Core netw ork
Mini-link
Cables
Quantity Weight Lifetim e
W/L Use phase
ton
years ton/year MWh/year
1 500 000
975
2,5
390
2 250
3 023
76 800
525
5
105
382
3,5
109
5 180
10-20
446
51
150
10
15
1 670
5 912
135
15
9
2 080
120
20
6
Key indicators: Per subscriber and year (/Subyear)
Materials
0,7 kg
Operation electricity
Waste
6,7 kg
Other electricity
Fossil fuel resources
25 kg
Ericsson Confidential
7
55 kWh
25 kWh
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
New design:
42 GWh (mid 2005)
28 GWh
(end 2006)
Other important
parameters:
• Traffic model
• Geography
• Cap&Cov
• Climate
• Site types
2006-12-13
3. LCIA, Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Climate Change (CC) CO2-eqv
(RBS end 2001)
35
30
kg CO2-eqv. per
subscriber and year
Operation
Manufacturing
25
RBS mid 2005
Terminal
20
RBS end 2006
Estimate
Service Equip.
Terminal ++
15
10
Terminal
5
Site material
important
Traffic Model
New RBSs
End-of-life
treatment
”Comercials”
Service Equip.
Transmission
Reduction of ”operator”
per subscriber
Transports
no. 1 at E.
0
-5
Raw
materials
Products
Ericsson
Equip.
Operation
Operator
EoLT
Recycling
Ericsson Confidential
8
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
4. LCSEA (Stressor-Effect Assessment)
Seven regions studied: Sweden, UK, EU, Japan, US average, US Texas and Taiwan.
A unique ECF (Environmental Characterization Factor) is calculated for each region and
each environmental impact category:
Resource Depletion, Raw Materials
Resource Depletion, Energy
Climate Change
Acidification of Natural Ecosystems
Terrestrial Eutrophication
Aquatic Eutrophication
Photochemical Ozone Generation
- Human impact
Photochemical Ozone Generation
- Vegetation impact
Human Toxicity
Ecosystem Toxicity
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Physical Disruption of Land
RDmat
RDerg
CC
ACid
TerrEtr
AqEtr
POGhum
kg (RDF50)
kg Oil-eqv.
kg CO2-eqv.
kg SO2-eqv.
kg N-tot.-eqv.
kg N-tot.-eqv.
kg NO2-eqv.
POGveg
kg NO2-eqv.
HumTox
EcoTox
StratO3
LandUse
kg PM-10-eqv.
m3 soil and water
kg CFC-11-eqv.
m2*year
..a World average is also calculated for each environmental impact category.
Ericsson Confidential
9
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
5. LCA Result Interpretation
3 views
Global, Branches & Ericsson
Ericsson Confidential
10
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Energy, Material, Land
Telecom’s share - Global
Energy (CO2)
…
Phone books
Node sites
User equipment
Fixed Cables
Antenna towers
Energy 
CO2-eqv.
Material
resources
0.4%
0.05%
Land
use
According to WWF analysis
Fossil energy ”biological footprint”
World Telecom
0.2% (50ppm)
Ericsson original
LCA results in ppm
+3G (LCA, 50%)*
0.2%
0.03%
0.1% (20ppm)
Total telecom revenues = 1 500 billion $, 4% compared to
World GDP (at 36 000 billion $). Operators = 1 100 billion $.
*) Add on scenario of 50% penetration = 3,2 billion subscribers
Ericsson Confidential
11
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
$, kWh and CO2 Overview
Figures on a global scale
Users 2000
[millions]
Revenue/GDP
[A]
Energy
CO2-eqv.
[B]
Indicator
[B/A]
2 600
1.5%
0.12%
0.08%
0.05
1 300 (Fixed)
160 (BB)
2.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.08
ICT (excl. telecom)
1 000 (PCs)
3%
0.9-1.5%
0.6-1%
0.2-0.33
Entertainment & Media
1 500 (TVs)
5%
2.5-3%
1.7-2%
0.34-0.4
650 (cars)
2 000 (air pass.)
11%
23%
20%
1.8
Buildings (m2)
#
 20%
47%
35%
1.75
Food & Drink
6 500 (…)
10%
10%
20%
2
#
14%
0.2%
0.15%
0.01
Wireless telecom
Other telecom
Travel & Transports
(pkm & tonkm)
Banking, Insurance &
Finance
Ericsson Confidential
12
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Ericsson View: Use Phase CO2
Produced products 2006 and life time in operation = 10 years, unless otherwise stated
Mton CO2
16
14
For each typical product: annual volume * typical electricity consumption
* est. life time (10 yrs. = 87660 h) * 0.6 kg CO2/kWh
-7%, Grey bar = Scenario: same production
volumes but with only the older product generation.
Supply chain
CO2: ~4 Mton
raw materials,
manufacturing
12
10
8
6
Refers to manufacturing
of chip sets and not use
-27%
4
15 yrs.
2
Ericsson ”direct”
CO2: 0,8 Mton
transports,
sites, travel
Dotted line = whole terminal
(3 yrs.)
0
GSM RBS
WCDMA
RBS
Mini-link AXE + CPP
Mobile BB Access
platforms
PBXs
Other
Other life cycle
phases for
products
comparison,
Ericsson total
Ericsson total use phase CO2 2006: 21,5 Mton
Reduction for 2006 (WCDMA + GSM): -2,2 Mton CO2 (-10%)
Ericsson Confidential
13
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
5. LCA Result Interpretation
CO2 – Use Phase
= Energy
5 examples.
ICT, Telecom & BB
Ericsson Confidential
14
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Fixed & Wireless kWh/sub, line
Operator overview
Fixed
kWh/lineyear
Wireless
kWh/subyear
Telecom Italia
31
7
Telefonica
33
9
NTT
~651
~341
Verizon
~552
~352
Vodafone
-
15
DT
~322
~112
Telia (SWE)
48
16
1) Offices included in original figure have been withdrawn by -15% (based on other operators)
2) Besides offices, a split between wireless and fixed have also been made based on subscriber averages
Ericsson Confidential
15
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
ICT/Broadband “Energy Map” W/sub
W / Heavy User. Based on US figures.
1 PC at home, 1 at the office (Trp & “Net” impact)
A worst case scenario but with average use figures
2006, there was 1 000 million PCs, 160 million broadband
connections and LAN-PCs is estimated to about 200 million
Home network: 11 W
BB Access: (+)2.6 W
[/line]
PC: 28 W
Transport: 8 W
[4W/PC]
”The Net”: 20 W
LANs, Intranets,
Internet
[10W/PC]
PC: 28 W
TOTAL: 97.6 W = 855 kWh, equal to 55% of an oil barrel per year…
or 425 kg CO2 / year
Ericsson Confidential
16
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Telecom & ICT ”Energy Map”
W/Average User
At home
At the Operator
User Equipment
Access Network
At the office
”The Net”
Work PC
”The Net”: 10 W
LANs, Intranets,
Internet
[10W/PC]
PC: 28 W
Transport Network
GSM RAN: 2 W
incl. Mobile Core
[/subscriber]
Mobile phone: 2.6 W
WCDMA RAN: ~4 W
incl. Mobile Core
[/subscriber]
Home network: 11 W
BB Access: (+)2.6 W
[/line]
PC: 28 W
Transport: 1 W
[/(line+subs)]
Ordinary Fixed: 4.5 W
[/line]
”Old Analog”: 0.2 W
Manufacturing
PBX: 1.1 W
[/line]
Operation
”Wireless” phone: 5 W
(IP-phone: ~4 W)
Ericsson Confidential
17
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Study of Broadband in Japan
% CO2-equivalents






Approx. 275 kWh operation
electricity per BAP and year
(Broadband Access Point)
Equal to 2% of electricity in
Japan, equal to 0,7% of
energy (2005, 10 MBAP)
200 kg CO2 per BAPyear
Modem+network always on...
The PC in the study are ”the
internet part of a PC” (?)
Operator’s activities also
included (offices)
Ericsson Confidential
18
30
25
Production
Operation
20
15
?
10
5
0
PC
Modem
Network
BB operation fraction
Two other studies of ”the Internet” in the US give results
of total energy consumption of about 2-3% of US total.
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
PSTN Energy Map (based on LCA)
Energy Consumption
Business Activities
Total
1996
/subscriber
1996
/subscriber
2005
Manufacturing of equipment
90 GWh
12 kWh
>-90%
Telestations, electricity
350 GWh
46 kWh
-3%
Service cars, petrol
210 GWh
28 kWh
-50%
Offices, electricity
150 GWh
20 kWh
-70%
District heating and fuels in offices
100 GWh
13 kWh
-70%
Business travel
70 GWh
9 kWh
-50%
Paper production (phone books)
60 GWh
8 kWh
-
Total
1030 GWh
136 kWh
-45%
Ericsson Confidential
19
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
CO2, Energy & Mtrl
Reduction over time
3 examples
Ericsson Confidential
20
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
PSTN Energy (based on LCA)
Energy Consumption
Total, all parts of business
Ericsson Confidential
21
Total
1996
/subscriber
1996
/subscriber
2005
1030 GWh
136 kWh
-45%
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Total CO2 Wireless Evolution
CO2 / subscriber and year, based on LCA results
1st generation
mobile systems
NMT, AMPS
200
2nd generation
D-AMPS, GSM (90 kg)
100 kg CO2 /
subscriber
and year
50
RBS 884/2000
(45 kg)
1985
1990
1995
New GSM (25 kg)
- “full” traffic model
25 kg CO2 equals
driving 125 km “~1 hour on the motorway”,
or 45 kWh global electricity
(LCA: 600 g/kWh)
Ericsson Confidential
First 3G systems (55 kg)
New 3G system (37 kg)
3G 2006 est. (29,5 kg)
GSM Hi-cap RBS
LTE?
(33 kg)
2000
2005
2010
22
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
Terminal
breakpoint?
(> RBS?)
2006-12-13
Less material and energy per
function, Switching Center (MSC)
Typical 500 W / cabinet
1992
2400 E
1998
6000 E
2006
2002
32000 E
18000 E
Typical 1000 W / cabinet
Ericsson Confidential
23
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
LCA Findings
 Extensive database with a number of models/studies
 Manufacturing of electronics
– ICs and PCBs needs a lot of energy and chemicals during
production (don’t let their low weight share fool you)
 Cooling need - for our products in use and in offices
 Transports & Travel
 Building ”overhead” (Offices, ”Malls”, Warehouses)
– These buildings has not gone through the same
dematerialization process as our products
 Mobile terminals and PCs
– It’s not the use phase, rather the manufacturing phase that
require most of the energy. One important reason is of
course the short commercial lifetime.
Ericsson Confidential
24
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
LCA and the Future
 Conduct a full scale LCA of broadband, with particular
emphasis of total energy consumption.
 Operator cooperation imperative
 Update the fixed and wireless studies with new models
and data
 In the end, study ICT’s impact on society now and
potential impact in the future, on a per service base
Ericsson Confidential
25
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Content

LCA, Telecom systems Life Cycle Assessment
–
–
–

LCA method
Fixed & Mobil NW results
Way Forward – upcoming LCA on Fixed NW
Power Consumption and Efficiency of Telecom Equipment
–
–
–
Code of Conduct versus standardization.
ETSI EE/EEPS contributions. Power efficiency as a base for
benchmarking of performance & improvements.
DSL efficiency figures – based on simulations.
Example. Traffic and site models applied to EC CoC DSL
equipment power targets. Operator and Subscriber Power costs.
Ericsson Confidential
26
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
EC Code of Conduct,
Ericsson view

EC initiative, Code of Conduct for BB equipment.
–
–
–
–
–

ETSI standardization
–
–
–
–

EC view - Pace of industry driven improvements too slow
Non transparent process.
Measurement conditions to be defined.
Proving compliance to CoC is demanding – much more than technical
compliance like reporting, supporting initiatives etc
Relation to other EC initiatives like EUP - unclear
Democratic process – open to all parties
Technical competence and experience as needed to provide accurate
specifications. Taking end-to-end considerations into account.
Speed is an issue – but aggressive time plan for the Broadband power
consumption TS.
Compliance process is efficient.
Ericsson view:
–
–
Recommending ETSI standardization. Ericsson will contribute to ETSI
EE/EEPS WI’s – for an early and accurate standard.
Ericsson will comply to operator requirements, EC CoC as well as ETSI
standards.
Ericsson Confidential
27
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Energy Efficiency
Standardization
ETSI proposals
 Energy efficiency modelling
–
–
–


Reference models, interfaces
Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency
Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values
Example BB
–
–
–
Estimated traffic models, operational modes
Using models on CoC BB target figures.
Substantial savings if low power modes were operational.
Way Forward
Ericsson Confidential
28
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Energy Efficiency
Standardization
ETSI proposals
 Energy efficiency modelling
–
–
–


Reference models, interfaces
Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency
Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values
Example BB
–
–
–
Estimated traffic models, operational modes
Using models on CoC BB target figures.
Substantial savings if low power modes were operational.
Way Forward
Ericsson Confidential
29
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
ETSI proposals
TR BB power consumption



Need to compare different products on fair grounds – base for benchmarking
Move from power consumption to energy efficiency
A number of terms and models proposed
–
–
–
Define the ”useful output”.
 Distance and bitrate important factors.
Example: Bitrate [Mbps] x distance [km]
Define consumption
 Equipment/site reference models. Site view based consumption
 Climate models
 Traffic/User models
Energy efficiency proposal:
NPC: Normalized Power Consumption – per subscriber line:
NPC: Avg Power Consumption/Useful Output
[mW/Mbps*km]. Typical best value: 40 - 50.
Ericsson Confidential
30
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Power Efficiency model, Telecom NW
AC
Input
~
Network model
Node A
..
Node B # N
”Useful
Output”
Node B # 1
Field
Data
Climate
Model
Site
Model
Traffic
Model
Useful
Entity
NW
Energy
Efficiency
Model
Product Data - Equipment
Ericsson Confidential
31
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
DSLAM Site
Enclosure
AC1
DC1 DC2 DC3
AC2
-48V
Rectifier
AC
Input
.
DSLAM .
.
.
.
.
Split .
-ter .
Climate
Unit
Battery
POTS
/ISDN
.
.
.
3pp/Aux Eq
Site factor DC3 to AC1: 1,7 (Rectifier& Climate AC part)
.
Line
Input /
Output
Signal
RBS Site
Enclosure
AC1
AC2
DC1
Rectifier
AC
Input
Feeder AnCable tenna
DC2 DC3
-48V
Radio
Base
Station
Climate Battery
Unit
3pp/Aux Eq
.
.
.
Output
RF1 Signal
Site factor DC3 to AC1: 1,6 (Rectifier& Climate AC part)
RF2
DSLAM Performance /
Energy Efficiency
Tier2 VDSL2+,DSLAM line performance
Power Consumption
1,55
1,50
50,00
1,45
Mbps
40,00
1,40
30,00
1,35
1,30
20,00
1,25
10,00
1,20
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
1,15
0,00
0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00
Distance km
Distance km
Tier1 ADSL2+ DSLAM line performance
Power Consumption
20,00
18,00
16,00
14,00
12,00
10,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
1,55
1,50
1,45
1,40
1,35
1,30
1,25
1,20
Total Mbps
ADSL2+
T1
1,15
NPC mW/Mbps*km
25,00
180
160
140
120
100
20,00
Mbps
US Mbps
Tier1 ADSL2+ DSLAM line performance
Power Consumpion
W
Mbps
DS Mbps
NPC mW/Mbps*km
80,00
VDSL2+
T2
0,
20
0,
40
0,
60
0,
80
1,
00
1,
20
1,
40
1,
60
1,
80
2,
00
0,00
Power Consumption
W
60,00
Total Mbps
NPC mW/Mbps*km
US Mbps
Tier2 VDSL2+,DSLAM line performance
Mbps
DS Mbps
Bitrate UL+DL
/NPC
15,00
80
60
40
20
0
10,00
5,00
0,00
0,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,505,00
0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
Distance km
Distance km
Ericsson Confidential
34
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
NPC mW/Mbps*km
Bitrate UL/DL
/Power cons
Energy Efficiency
Standardization
ETSI proposals



Energy efficiency modelling
–
–
–
Reference models, interfaces
Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency
Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values
Example BB
–
–
–
–
Estimated traffic models, operational modes
Reference models for NW Site AC consumption.
CoC target figures used
Using traffic models on CoC target to estimate savings.
 Substantial savings on L0 mode power reduction.
 ? Additional, substantial savings if low power modes were
operational.
Way Forward
Ericsson Confidential
35
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
DSLAM
Operational Modes & user traffic models
L0
Today
< 5 min
interrupt
Stair- Way Forward?
L2
L3
5 - 30 min
interrupt
> 30 min interrupt
User type
L0 time/Day
L2 time/Day
L3 time/Day
Private DSL
1hr
1hr
22hr
Private 3-play &
SOHO
6hr
2hr
16hr
Average user
3,5hr
1,5hr
19hr
Ericsson Confidential
36
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
DSLAM Site
EC CoC Power Req
Enclosure
AC1
DC1 DC2 DC3
AC2
-48V
Rectifier
AC
Input
.
DSLAM .
.
.
.
.
Split- .
ter .
Climate
Unit
Battery
POTS
/ISDN
.
.
.
3pp/Aux Eq
Site factor from DC3 to AC1: 1,7 (Rectifier& AC Climate)
.
Line
Input /
Output
Signal
DSL-Modem
Operational Modes & user traffic models
ON
< 30 min
interrupt
Transition
Today
Std By
OFF
> 30 min interrupt
Stair- Way Forward?
Manual
User type
ON, time/Day
Std By, time/Day
OFF
Private DSL
2hr
22hr
0hr
Private 3-play &
SOHO
8hr
16hr
0hr
Average user
5hr
19hr
0hr
Ericsson Confidential
38
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Modem – End User
DC
AC
Input
~
Rectifier
DSLModem
Split
-ter
Phone
EC CoC
Req’s
Line
Input /
Output
Signal
EC CoC
Power Consumption Target Values, 0607 Rev.
DSL Modem AC power
Tier 1. 2007
Tier 2. 2008
Mode
Off
On
Off
Standby On
ADSL
0,3W
6W
0,3W
2W
4W
VDSL
0,3W
8W
0,3W
2W
6W
DSLAM – 48V power. (X Site factor – for SIte AC power)
Tier 1. 2007
Tier 2. 2008
Mode
L0
L2
L3
L0
L2
L3
ADSL2+
1,5W
1,1W
0,9W
1.1W
0,8W
0,4W
VDSL2
2,75W
-
-
1,5W
1,2W
0,8W
Ericsson Confidential
40
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
DSLAM Site AC costs
Average traffic model.
L0 only and L0-L3 modes.
Euro/
Sub, Y
9kWh
/Euro
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
L0 only
L0-L3
ADSL
Tier1
Ericsson Confidential
ADSL
Tier2
41
VDSL
Tier1
VDSL
Tier2
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
DSL-Modem AC costs
Average traffic model
On only and ON/StdBy modes
Euro/
Sub, Y
8
7
6
5
9kWh
/Euro
4
ON only
StdBy/ON
3
2
1
0
ADSL ADSL VDSL VDSL
Tier1 Tier2 Tier1 Tier2
Ericsson Confidential
42
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Way Forward


Move on - reducing power consumption of BB equipment at L0
modes. Provide an ETSI Specification/Standard.
However - L2-L3 CoC specs has no impact today!
–

Make DSLAM L2-L3 and Modem StdBy modes operative. Do what
is needed
–
–
–

Field testing, disturbance simulations and measurements,
Standardization
Implementation
Improve power consumption operational models
–

DSLAM L2-L3 and Modem Stand By not operative.
include site models, traffic models adding low power mode power
impact - when the modes are operational
(Ev nämna stör-studier som finns/föreslagits av operatörer)
Your feedback? I appreciate your comments.
Ericsson Confidential
43
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Ericsson Confidential
44
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
2005 Relative Results / Normalization
0%
ResMat
ResErg
100%
Raw materials - EoLT
Manuf.
0,060%
0,55%
Operation
0,54%
CC (GWP)
ACid
0,39%
POGhum
0,42%
0,35%
POGveg
0,072%
AqEutr.
0,18%
TerrEutr.
Hum Tox
World EoLT-
No data available (no world average) – 0,011%
EcoTox
Scenario
No data available (no world average) – 0,15%
0,00046%
StratO3
Operator
LandUse
EoLT and Supply Chain aspects most uncertain
Ericsson Confidential
45
0,0032%
0% of total impact (per capita) 1%
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
100%
Materials, Energy and GDP
6,00
5,00
4,00
Food (ton/capita)
Materials (ton/capita)
3,00
Energy (toe/capita)
GDP (k$/capita)
Change 1935-2005 (/capita):
Food:
+35%
Materials: +170%
Energy: +250%
GDP:
+400%
2,00
We need an energy consumption
reduction as strong as this (or even
stronger), or a complete new energy
system...
1,00
0,00
1935


1970
2005
World 2005 compared to 1935: Food production x4, Material
production x8, Energy production x10.5, GDP x14.5
Population x3 (2.2  6.5 billion people)
Materials where slowly decoupled from GDP growth in the late 60’s
and energy in the mid 70’s
Ericsson Confidential
46
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
$, kWh and CO2 Overview
(Revenue and GDP can be compared
but are not ”the same thing”)
Revenue % Energy %
of world GDP world total
Wireless telecom
~2
0,12
Telecom (incl. wireless)
4
0,5 1
ICT (incl. telecom)
7
22
ICT + Entertainment & Media
12
53
Light vehicles
7
12,6
Air Travel
1,25
2,3
Other transportation
1,6
6
Energy
11
>95
Raw materials
10
~15
Buildings (non-production)
~20
~55
Banking, Insurance & Finance
14
0,2
Semiconductors
0,7
0,1
Food
8
~10
Alcohol, tobacco, drugs+...
3
~0,1
CO2 % of
world total
0,1
0,4
1,6
4
14
3 (~4,5*)
7
~90 (~75*)
~15 (~19*)
~50
0,2
0,1 (~0,2*)
~10 (~20*)
~0,1
CO 2 % /
Revenue %
0,05
0,1
0,2
0,3
2,0
2,4
4,4
8,6
1,5
2,5
0,014
0,15
>1,25
<0,03
1) PSTN and broadband consumes much more energy then wireless.
2) PCs, Internet & datacom + office equipment consumes much more then ”just telecom”.
3) TV and physical media (distribution & production of ”paper products”, CDs, DVDs) consumes even more then ”just ICT”.
4) About 50% of Buildings energy / direct CO2 comes from households, making households share to about 25%.
*) Air travel, raw materials, semiconductors and food production have their indirect GHG emissions (e.g. CH 4, NOX)
figure in paranthesis. Because of this, all figures becomes a little bit lower, but only energy is recalculated.
Ericsson Confidential
47
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Telecom/ICT and ”the Watt’s”
PC / Laptop
A% of 30 - 300 W
Home network
5 - 9 - 20 W
Laptop / PDA
B% of 1 - 100 W
28 W
PSTN phone(s)
0-5W
PBX terminal
0-1-3W
Telestation
4.5 W (Telia SWE)
PSTN, ISDN & BB (xDSL, Fiber)
PBX
0.5 – 1.1 W
Mobile terminal
0.25 - 0.6 - 2.5 W
GSM RBS
0.8 - 1.8 - 3 W
2W
WCDMA RBS
1.6 - 2.5 - 10 W
Mobile core network
0.2 W
Core network / Transport network
1 W (Telia SWE)
Can be distributed
according to traffic volume
-9W(both)
LAN / Intranet
”Internet” / Data centers
# W + Z% of 5.4 W
US studies: 42 W ICT total electricity or ”embodied energy” = 50 liter oil / year (includes manufacturing)
Ericsson Confidential
48
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13
Direct CO2 - ”Employee View”

Ericsson total CO2


7000
6000
4000
3000
kg/employee
5000
Car travel
Air travel

Sites: Electricity
Sites: Other energy
2000
Fewer manufacturing
sites (outsourcing)
Less air travel!
Car travel includes
commuting
Electronic equipment
future candidate (manuf.)
1000
Ericsson total CO2
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16000
14000
With transports I/O
 Greater product
volumes
 Fewer final
assembly sites
 Outsourcing
Ericsson Confidential
12000
10000
8000
6000
kg/employee
2000
= Ericsson ”direct”-bar
(from slide before)
Car travel
Air travel
Sites: Electricity
Sites: Other energy
Transports
4000
2000
0
2000
49
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
061214 ETNO Paris presentation
2006-12-13