Transcript OE Verb - tpu.ru

Hīe geweorc geworhten hæfdon
 ‘they have built a fortress’

 bēōn,
weorþan + a present
participle
Ring => Rang => Rung

i
a
u
 Four stems: Infinitive, Past
Singular, Past Plural, Participle II
 7 classes
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
Class 7 - reduplicating verbs
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Class I: bite = bitan
Class II: fly = flēon
Class III: spring = springan
Class IV: come = cuman
Class V: give = giefan
Class VI: take = tacan
Class VII: hold = healdan


Bītan
ī
-
Healdan
bāt
ā
heold
biton
- i
biten
- I
Class 7
heoldon healden
No Ablaut
 3 classes
 3 stems
 –d- or –t Class 1
Cēpan
cēpte

cēped (keep)
Variant 1
1. What were the grammatical categories of OE
adjectives?
Variant 2
1. In which case was an adjective declined
strong?
Variant 3
1. In which case was an adjective declined weak?
Variant 1
2. How many stems did the OE strong verbs
have? (give a list)
Variant 2
2. Which was the regular way of forming the
degrees of comparison?
Variant 3
2. How many classes of weak verbs were
distinguished in OE?

What does the word “weak” and “strong”
mean in such word combinations as
“weak/strong nouns, verbs, adjectives”?
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witan (to know),
cunnan (can),
þurfan (to need),
sculan (shall),
magan (may).
Singular
 1stPerson
wat
 2nd Person
wast
 3rd Person
wat
 Plural All Persons
witon
Srtong verb class 3
findan fand fundon funden

Singular
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Persons
wiste or wisse
 Plural
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Persons
wiste or wisse

“willan”
 “do” (dōn –dyde - gedōn) –
 “live” (būan – būde - gebūn),
 verbs with suppletive forms:
 “go”(gān – ēode – gegān)
 “be” (bēon and wesan )
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Present Present
1st P Sg (I)
eom
beo
2nd P Sg (you) eart
bist
3rd P Sg
is
bið
(he, she, it)
All Plurals sind /sindon beoð
Past
wæs
wære
wæs
wæron
Infinitive
 beran – uninflected Inf. (Nom)
 tō berenne or tō beranne inflected infinitive (Dat)
 he cymeth tō dēmenne cwicum
and dēādum


hīe woldon hine forbærnan
–ende
 berende


–en

–d/-t
ge-bunden
 ā-drencen

Variant 1
1) How did the present-preterite verbs build their
forms?
2) How were the two participles built in OE?
Variant 2
1) The present-preterite verbs correspond to
___________ verbs in Modern English.
2) What are the two forms of the infinitive in OE?
How were they built?
Norþan snywde
(it snowed in the North)
 Ne con īc nōht singan
(I cannot sing nothing)

se guma geseah þa cwēn S-V-O
(the man saw the woman)
 þa cwēn geseah se guma O-V-S

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þa geascode he þone cyning (VSO)
Then he discovered the king.
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Ða on morgenne gehierdon þæt þæs cyninges
þegnas (VOS)
Then in the morning the kings thegns heard
that.
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God cwæþ him þus to
God said thus to him
Hie . . . þone æþeling ofslogon, ond þa men þe
him mid wæron.
They . . . killed the prince and the men who
were with him.

conjunction “þæt” and particle “þe” (“which,"
"that," "who" or "whom).
þæs cyninges þegnas þe him be-hindan
wæron
The king's thanes who were behind him.
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1.
2.
3.
Þa :
“when” or “then”
a plural demonstrative pronoun (those)
a singular feminine demonstrative pronoun in
the accusative case
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for þam þe – because
swa swa - “so so” or “as as,” or “just as” or
“such as.”
swylce - “such,” but it very often can be
translated at “likewise “
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Define the morphological meanings of the
nouns and adjectives.
þurh (through) þīne æþelan (noble) hand
þes ealda mann
blacum wulfum
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dæӡ
fuӡol
hēah
aӡen
līf
folc
Eal
wer
bēam
a-stem, masc,
a-stem, masc
high (accusative, masc - hēanne)
own
a-stem, neuter
a-stem, neuter
all
a-stem, masc
tree
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dur
u-stem, feminine
burӡ
root stem, feminine
rīce
a-stem, neuter
elc (ælc)
each
What happened with the unstressed vowel in
oblique cases?
How were neuter a-stems different from
masculine a-stems?
Which nouns belonged to weak declension?