Transcript PowerPoint-presentatie

Ontwikkelingen in de installatietechniek voor nZEBgebouwen
M. De Paepe
Onderzoeksgroep Technische Thermodynamica en Warmteoverdracht
Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics – www.FloHeaCom.UGent.be
Ghent University– UGent
Europese doelstellingen
• In 2002, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
(EPBD), which set minimum efficiency standards for
both residential and commercial buildings.
• 17 November 2009 : EPBD recast
“ ... all new buildings would have to comply with tough
energy-performance standards and supply a significant
share of their energy requirements from renewables
source after 2020.” ….
• Goedkeuring in het EP: 18 May 2010
” …nearly zero - energy buildings “
Near Zero energy Buildings
2015 : alle nieuwbouw in Brussel passief ; 2020
bijna nul energie
2017 : alle nieuwbouwwoningen in Wallonië
“bijna nul energie” woningen
2020 : alle nieuwbouwwoningen in Vlaanderen
“bijna nul energie” woningen
Ook bestaande woningen zullen aan een
aantal voorwaarden moeten voldoen
Definitie
• International Energy Agency, Annex 40 :
Towards N-ZEB :
• Vijf randvoorwaarden voor de definitie :
– (1) boundary conditions
– (2) weighting system.
– (3) the net zero balance
– (4) the temporal energy match
– (5) the monitoring procedure and post occupancy
protocol.
Break down of energy use in EU
Impact on heating, ventilation & air conditio
EU energy consumption (Primary energy)
Heat pump
technology
Industry
28%
31%
Transport
41% of energy in EU
comes from buildings
Buildings
41%
41%
10-25%
Hot Water
3% Cooling
Others
20%
80 %
50-60%
Heating
With heat pump technology
can contribute to the major
energy savings in buildings
Doel van een gebouw
• Comfort en productiviteit/fun
• Energy nodig voor :
–
–
–
–
–
Verwarming en koeling
Ventilatie (elektriciteit)
Sanitair warm water
Verlichting (elektriciteit)
Toestellen : kantoor, huishouden , fun
• EPBD recast, energy performance is defined as
(article 2):
‘energy performance of a building’ means the
calculated or measured amount of energy
needed to meet the energy demand
associated with a typical use of the building,
which includes, inter alia, energy used for
heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and
lighting
EPBD recast definition for nearly zeroenergy
• ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building
that has a very high energy performance, as
determined in accordance with Annex I. The
nearly zero or very low amount of energy
required should be covered to a very significant
extent by energy from renewable sources,
including energy from renewable sources
produced on-site or nearby
• numerical indicator of primary energy use
expressed in kWh/m2 per year.
REHVA TF nZEB taskforce
• net zero energy building (ZEB)
Energy use of ≤ 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy.
• nearly zero energy building (nZEB)
Technically and nationally reasonable
achievable energy use of > 0 kWh/(m2 a)
primary energy, achieved with a combination
of best practice energy efficiency measures
and renewable energy technologies which
may or may not be cost optimal.
ZEB – Energy Balance
Solar gains/
loads
Heat
transmission
Internal heat
gains/loads
BUILDING
NEEDS
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
DHW
Lighting
Appliances
Energy need SB
ENERGY NEED
Heating energy
Cooling energy
Electricity for
lighting
Electricity for
appliances
Electricity
Cooling en.
RE generators
Heating en.
ON SITE RENEWABLE
ENERGY W/O FUELS
ENERGY
USE
BUILDING
TECHNICAL
SYSTEMS
Energy use
and production
System losses
and conversions
DELIVERED
ENERGY
Electricity
District heat
District cooling
Fuels
(renewable and
non-renewable)
EXPORTED
ENERGY
Electricity
Heating en.
Cooling en.
Energy use SB
Building site boundary = system boundary of delivered and exported energy
Trias Energetica
ON SITE RENEWABLE
ENERGY W/O FUELS
Vermindering van de vraag
• Doorgedreven isolatie
– Muren, daken,
– Ramen
•
•
•
•
Solar gains/
loads
Heat
transmission
Internal heat
gains/loads
BUILDING
NEEDS
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
DHW
Lighting
Appliances
Energy need SB
Doorgedreven luchtdichting
Ventilatie met warmterecuperatie
Daglichtsturing ,…
Interne lasten verder reduceren
ENERGY NEED
Heating energy
Cooling energy
Electricity for
lighting
Electricity for
appliances
E
U
B
T
S
E
an
S
an
E
Building site boundary = system boundary of delivered a
– Zonnewering, …
Zomer comfort : gevaar voor oververhitting :
aarde-warmtewisselaars
Earth-air
heat exchanger
Air in
Air out
Energie levering - Technieken
ON SITE RE SOURCES
Electricity
Cooling en.
Heating en.
RE generators
(solar, wind, hydro)
DELIVERED ENERGY
(renewable and non-renewable)
Electricity
RENEWABLE
ENERGY USE
ON SITE RE SOURCES
Heating energy
RE generators
(geo- , aero- and Cooling energy
hydrothermal)
BUILDING
TECHNICAL
SYSTEMS
Energy use
and production
District heat
District cooling
Fuels
EXPORTED ENERGY
(renewable and non-renewable)
Electricity
Heating en.
System losses
and conversions
RE energy use SB
Cooling en.
De warmtepomp
Warmtepompen en PV-panelen
• Elektriciteit is de enige energievector
Technologische variaties
• Verwarmen & koelen
– BEO-veld : boorgat energie opslag
– Energiepalen
Ground
Energierecuperatie op ventilatie
The Energy Box