Transcript Plasmon Stand at Cebit 2003

UK Optical Storage Roadmap
DSNet-UK General Meeting
Manchester
15th Dec 2004
Dr Andrew Pauza
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Optical Data Storage
• Aim to “roadmap” optical storage R&D within the UK.
• Will ignore potentially “disruptive” technologies in other areas
e.g.
– increasingly higher capacity 1GB USB “memory sticks”
– 2 and 4GB “microdrives” (personal data storage)
– MAID: Massive Array of Inactive Discs (archive arena)
• It is artificial to consider “UK optical data storage”
– any successful research will have links with other EU countries
and probably also Japanese and US companies/universities
• In optical data storage, there is a very strong manufacturing
equipment base in Europe
– M2, Unaxis, ODC Nimbus, Dr Schenk, Ciba, ETA Optic, Singulus,
AudiDev, Axxicon, AWM, Netstal, Dr Schwab etc
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Optical: State of the Art
• Blue-ray Disc Dual layer (BD-DL)
–
–
–
–
50GB/side, 4.5Mb/sec (1x) speed ,120mm disc
could be bought in the shops in Japan in July 2004
Higher speeds are on the drawing board (2x, 4x)
Quad layer (100GB/side) - will almost certainly only be
WO.
• Holographic Media (Holographic Versatile Disc,
HVD)
– HVD Alliance formed as well as ECMA Technical
committee (TC44). Draft HVD specification underway
– 200GB/side, 30MB/sec, 120mm disc, WO format
– Due for sale in 2005
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Optical Disc Capacity
• Optical disc (CD, DVD, HD-DVD, BD) capacities compared
to HDD and development with time (1GB/in2=1.55bit/um2)
1000
Density ( bits / m m2)
Hard disc (bit/um2)
Solid State
CD
DVD SL/DL
100
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
10
HD-DVD SL
BD (UDO) SL/DL/QL
4th generation
.
ROM
Write Once (-R)
low manufacturing cost,
good copy protection
ReWritable (+/- RW)
1
0.1
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year
Optical Disc Data Rate
• Separate out ROM, WORM (-R, -WO) and ReWritable (-RW)
as historically, the factors limiting the data rate (and write or
read) have been different
Data Rate (MByte/sec)
100
physical maximum spin
speed (10 000 rpm)
10
CD
DVD
1
BD
HDD
ROM
Write Once
ReWritable
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
0.1
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year
Technical Challenges/
Holy Grails
• The strengths that optical disc has and which need to be
core to any new optical media are:
– Cheap to manufacture - low cost/GB relative to other storage
media.
– Removable - low energy costs for large amounts of near-line
data.
– Interchangeable - require strong standards. Often break
down: DVD+/-RW format war, HD-DVD vs BD format war
– Backwards compatible (CD<->DVD<-> HD-DVD <-> BD ). A
new technology -such as holography, 2-photon or near field will
suffer from a lack of a user base unless first applied in niche
areas, or giving an extremely strong competitive advantage.
• These strengths also present technical challenges
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Influence of Standards
• the requirement for strong standards makes
discussion of UK-only optical storage roadmap is
artificial:
– implies you have either invented the technology and/or
– have a strong technological leadership
• These situations do not exist in the UK for optical
data storage.
• What influence can the UK have on optical DS?
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Importance of Standards
Philips
“Many technologies of tomorrow will be too
expensive and too risky for a single
company to develop. lt will require two or
more companies to combine R&D and
agree ahead of time on standards so that
millions of dollars won't be lost just
because a company backs the wrong
format, such as the Beta VCR.”
- Gerard Kleisterlee, Philips CEO (USA Today November 19, 2002)
Gartner/Dataquest
"Standards efforts improve the market
opportunity for all vendors especially when
such efforts are timely and supported by a
majority of vendors in an industry. The
availability of products written to published
specifications will undoubtedly help to
increase adoption rates and ease the
application development and integration
process"
- Daya Nadamuni, market analyst with
Gartner/Dataquest
Nokia
“… industry must start focusing on adopting common technology standards
rather than one-upmanship. If compelling applications are created with a common
technological base, companies developing applications will be able to benefit
from a competitive, innovative environment. We have to differentiate on the
services and applications side, not the technology.”
- Paul Chapple, marketing director Nokia US mobile software group (Ottawa Business
Journal – Feb 18, 2003)
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
UK Optical DS Influence
• R&D in the UK can realistically only hope to influence the
direction of optical data storage by :
– Working on improvements to current optical technologies
which show clear technological and manufacturing advantages
and which are backwardly compatible to current optical discs.
– Working with technologies which are likely to be adopted by,
the US or Japan e.g. holographic materials compatible with
InPhase Technologies (US) or OPTWARE (Japan)
• E.g. Holographic: join the (recently formed) HVD alliance
– Having long term research goals which produce a
technology which is such a clear technological winner
(cheap to manufacture, high capacity, high data rate,
compatible with DVD, or BD) that it becomes a disruptive
technology
• E.g. MODS?
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
UK Optical R&D Directions
• Avenues which the UK could followed in order to improve the
prospects for any future return on the research:
• New materials
– development of materials which can be applied to make current
optical formats cheaper to produce, or fit within standards
definitions of future media e.g. holographic, shorter wavelength
(250nm).
– income could be obtained from licensing of the material and/or
the process.
• New formats
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
– we need to be aware of, get involved with or even help initiate
standards for holography, MODS (Multiplexed Optical Data
Storage) etc.
– applies to all storage formats such as probe storage and is
especially the case where media is potentially backwards
compatible to current formats.
UK Optical R&D Directions
• Format Neutral
– Be aware of the requirements for markets where the
dependence on (consumer) optical disc standards can be
bypassed such as in archival storage where the discs and
drives are generally used within a jukebox - the standardized
interface is then moved to the connectivity channel (which is
based on SCSI or Fiber Channel etc). New formats could be
developed for use in this environment for proving before
pushing them as consumer formats, which require significantly
more agreement on standards
• New support technologies
– work on aspects of an optical disc product which are applicable
across all types, such as disc dynamics, channel coding and
signal processing, optical modelling, manufacturing techniques
etc. Longer term returns on this would have to be from
licensing through careful patent protection
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Over-riding factors for
success
• The “winning formula” for next generation
storage will be primarily determined by
economic factors (such as production costs)
and by customer needs.
• Using patent protection (and licensing) is always
subject to the problems of companies attempting
to “break the patent”
– high costs of enforcement, especially in less well
regulated foreign jurisdictions.
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Single Layer Formats
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
• Super RENS (most of Asia!) – much work over a few years
now but can’t see this going anywhere.
• Near field – (e.g. ex Terastor) now Philips, Sony etc. issues
with dust and removability. Philips seem to think dust isn’t an
issue. Can’t go multilayer?
• Phase change organic – phase change dyes – can they be
used for multilayer or multilevel?.
• MO/MSR (e.g. MAMMOS) - can’t see this going anywhere –
inorganic phase change dominates now and is possible to
use in multilayer.
• MODS (Multiplexed Optical Data Storage) -Imperial
college, Peter Török. Essentially a new coding format using
polarization to give an extra dimension. The technique has
been evaluated by static tester and rigorous modelling has
been performed. Can be backwards compatible DVD, BD.
Might be possible to use in multilayer.
• Phase change - carbon
Volumetric-multilayer
addressing
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
• Multilayer BD – coding can give 35GB/layer, theory plus
some prototypes suggest up to 8 layers can be made giving
280GB/side (Sony ODS 2004). Probably there is no non
competitive work which can be done (on format, materials) in
this area, though there is significant work still to be done on
manufacturing issues.
• Low absorbtion multilayer (Thomson) – pick up idea in
UK to study? Issues of manufacturing costs of tens of
layers? Could be modelled by Imperial.
• VMD (is this C3D’s Fluorecent Multilayer Disc rebranded?)
Costs of manufacturing 10’s of layers?
• Electrochromic discs – contacts from drive to selected
layer on disc makes it opaque and sensitive to be
written/read.
Volumetric- true 3D
addressing
• Holographic -some work in companies (InPhase
Technologies – Tapestry format) and universities in UK (e.g
P3 holographics, Manchester, Nottingham Trent).
– “HVD” alliance formed recently to create standards
• Two photon -volumetric bit writing, usually requires high
laser powers.
– New materials developed which substantially lower this
threshold power - e.g. Landauer –AlOx.
– “Call/Recall” FROST program – multilayer and multitrack for
high data rate demo of 22Gb on 90mm dia x 3mm 1MB/s
recording rate. 64 parallel chanel, 64MB/s demo.
• Interferometry-requires very good laser stability.
• Spectral Hole burning –expensive narrowband lasers,
restriction of FIFO data (until addressing schemes are developed)
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
– See Coufal and Burr in International Trends in Optics, 2002.
Also, more info below (“Alternative Optical Storage
Technologies…”)
Supporting and cross
disciplinary technologies
• Mastering (e.g. Phase Transition Mastering for BD – no
longer pre- competitive) but adoption for other technologies
could be a fruitful research area.
• Channel – Improve error margins, increase data rate and
capacity with perhaps new modulation and ECC codes (e.g.
error correcting modulation code?), reduced complexity
schemes, better inter-symbol interference (ISI) and cross talk
(XT) tolerance, neural net based schemes. One solution is
for example the optical format “TwoDOS” which gives a 2x
capacity increase but a 10x data rate increase.
• Servos – work on feed forward, tilt compensation, tolerance
to larger accelerations, shorter seek times etc.
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Supporting and cross
disciplinary technologies
• Optics – design improvements, lower cost, better margin
optics or optics for future media (e.g. transparent at 250nm)
• Sputtering or deposition technologies – sputtering,
spreading etc new coating or active layer materials more
cheaply, using better materials etc.
• Moulding technologies e.g materials which can be
moulded and are transparent at 250nm
• Spin coating technologies – To enable BD manufacture,
make multilayer cheaper, can apply across several proposed
formats. EU framework program with M2 being formulated.
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
Roadmaps- Consumer
• Low cost, streaming data, moderate data rate
• A potential view of the near future is:
– 1-4 years - HD-DVD – up to 2/3 layers, 15GB/layer
– 1-3 years - BD – up to 1 layers, 35Gb/layer lowish data
rate
– 3-5 years - BD – up to 2 layers, 70Gb/layer lowish data
rate (or 3 beam XTC, 55GB one layer, 100Mbps)
– 5-7 years - BD – up to 4 layers, 140Gb/layer lowish data
rate – next 5-7 years
– 7-9 years - up to 8 layers, 280Gb/layer, lowish data rate
– 5-15 years - Holographic/MODS/2-photon – next.
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
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Roadmaps-Professional
• data rate, data authenticity and longevity are
emphasised
• A potential view of the near future is:
– 1-2 years - UDO/PDD – (channel improvements) up to 1
layers- 30/40Gb layer, lowish data rate
– 2-4 years - UDO/PDD – up to 2 layers- 60/80Gb layer, lowish
data rate
– 4-6 years - UDO/PDD – up to 4 layers- 120/160Gb layer, lowish
data rate
– 6-10 years (1) - UDO/PDD – up to 8 layers- 240/320Gb layer,
lowish data rate
OR
– 6-10 years (2) - use WO MODS/volumetric bit writing/2-photon
after 2 BD layers?
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap
UK Case Studies
• See White Book for more information
– MODS – Imperial College
– Spectral Hole burning – Exeter
– Holographic dyes – Nottingham Trent
DSNet-UK
Optical DS
Roadmap