Transcript Document

Application Logistics
CNMP Core Curriculum
Section 5 – Nutrient Management
CNMP Development
Core Training Curriculum
These course materials have been developed as a
cooperative effort between five land-grant universities
and The Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Copyright Information
Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) 294-4111.
Copyright © 1995-2006, Iowa State University
of Science and Technology. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• To understand the 12-month, field-by-field
spreading plan, which is a major component
of the CNMP. The accuracy of this portion
will greatly impact the implementation of the
CNMP.
Objectives
• At this point, students will bring together
previously discussed topics that insure
agronomic benefits and protection to the
environment while working with the storage
interval, crop rotation, manure application
equipment and conservation concerns.
Class Materials
• Required Course Materials
• USDA-NRCS. Conservation Planning Policy (GM180, Part 409.10)
• Supplemental Resources
– Web sites references for computer-based software
applicable to the states attending.
– NRCS Practice Standard 590 – Nutrient Management
– NRCS Practice Standard 633 – Waste Utilization
– NRCS Practice Standard 634 – Manure Transfer
– Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook, Part
651 – Chapter 6, Role of Plants in Waste Management
– FOTG II – Climatic Data
Nutrient Management Planning
Strategic Planning
Long-term balance
Annual (Tactical ) Planning
Short-term balance (1 – 4 cropping seasons)
Application logistics – practical considerations
Application Logistics
Practical Considerations
While nutrient balances (both strategic
and annual) may be in balance on a farm,
it is critical that the logistics of storage
and application be checked!
Land Application Logistics
Practical Considerations
Annual Nutrient Management Planning –
Planned nutrient application rates to meet
agronomic need.
Application Logistics – Details covering how to
get the desired amount of manure applied to
a specific field during the planned application
window.
Application Logistics consider :
• Land application windows
• Volume of available manure
• Equipment capabilities
• Available labor
• Weather
Application Logistics
Planning for:
Where, When, and How
Manure will be applied on the farm
Example CNMP Annual
Application Plan
Where
to Apply
Field 4
37.1 acres
total
When
to Apply
Every year in
October.
On What
Crops
Wheat cover
followed by Corn
Silage
Every year in
March
Corn Silage
followed by
Wheat cover
18.3 acres
spreadable
Apply 0.80 - inch per acre or approximately 22,000
gallons per acre for full field coverage .
A maximum of 0.9 - inch per acre, approximately 24,500
gallons per acre, (P rate) may be applied, but will not
provide full field coverage.
27.9 acres
spreadable
Field 6a
18.9 acres
Apply 0.7 - inch per acre or approximately 19,000
gallons per acre for full field coverage.
A maximum of 0.9 - inch per acre, approximately 24,500
gallons per acre, (P rate) may be applied, but will not
provide full field coverage.
33.6 acres
spreadable
Field 5
30.4 acres
total
Amount to apply
Every year as
needed to manage
levels within
storage periods
Wheat cover
followed by Corn
Silage or Corn
Silage followed
by Wheat cover
Maximum of 0.5 - inch per acre or approximately 13,500
gallons per acre . (based on soil infiltration rate for field 6a).
Application Logistics
System Level Considerations
• Available Land Base
• Cropping System
• Waste Volume
• Critical Storage Interval
• Manure Characteristics (solid, semi-solid, liquid)
Application Logistics:
In concert with the producer
• Land Base Allocation
• Application Equipment
• Transport Distance
• Proximity of Application Areas
• Available Labor
Storage Period Volumes
Storage Period 1
November – March
(151 Days)
Storage Period 2
April – October
(214 Days)
Yearly Storage
Totals
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Manure (50% of 175
lactating cows)
167,062
236,765
403,827
Bedding (Sawdust)
18,865
26,735
45,600
Wash water
(249 gal./day)
37,724
53,470
91,194
Silage leachate
7,630
7,630
15,260
269,280
312,984
582,264
142,494
-39,414
103,080
643,055
598,170
1,241,225
Runoff
From silage bunker and
2
13,000 ft concrete lot
Direct rainfall
(precip-evap)
Total
** Table does not include permanent storage, 25yr-24hr storm storage, or freeboard volume.
Stage Curve --- Stage Depth vs. Storage Volume
900,000 9
8
7
Stage Level from Top of Marker (ft)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Overflow
800,000
Freeboard
Storage Volume (gal)
700,000
25yr 24hr storm storage
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Stage Depth from Bottom (ft)
7
8
9
10
Barr Dairy Cropping System
Corn Silage
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Wheat Cover
Application
Plant
Application
Burn down
Harvest
Application
Forage
Application
Plant
Active
Growing
Period
Inflow / Outflow Volumes: Holding Pond (ft3)
Month
Available
Waste Inflow
Volume –
Beginning of
month
Available
Volume –
End of
month
Application
Volume
April
68,993
12,530
56,463
0
May
56,463
13,260
43,203
0
June
43,203
9,150
34,053
0
July
34,053
13,100
20,953
0
August
20,953
9,940
11,013
0
September
10,013
9,600
1,413
67,580
October
68,993
11,340
57,653
11,340
November
68,993
15,610
53,383
0
December
68,993
17,650
35,733
0
January
35,733
17,480
18,253
0
February
18,253
15,420
2,833
0
March
2,833
18,990
(16,157)
85,150
Spring and Fall Application
Volume Estimates
Cubic Feet Gallons
Crop
Spring
85,970
643,055
Corn
Silage
Fall
79,969
598,170
Wheat /
Corn
Silage
Example – Fall Application
Field 4 – 33.6 acres
P Rate Application
Effective P
Manure Content
P Application rate P Application
Rate
(Crop Removal)
Gallons
Needed
2.7 lbs P2O5 /
1000 Gallons
65 lbs P2O5 / Acre 24,500 gallons 806,400
acre
Example – Fall Application
Field 4 – 33.6 acres
Gallons
Estimated
Available
Gallons
Needed
Balance
598,170
806,400
- 208,230
Decrease rate from 0.9 to 0.7 inches / acres
Example – Fall Application
Field 4 – 33.6 acres
There is not enough waste available to apply
24,000 gallons / acre. In order to avoid different
rates of commercial fertilizer addition, reduce
Rate to ~ 18,000 gallons / acre for full coverage.
18,000 gallons / 27,152 gallons / acre-inch = 0.66 acre-inches
Suggested Target Rate = 0.70 acre – inch
(round to 19,000 gallons / acre)
Is it difficult to calibrate closer than 0.10” !
Use of stage curves in conjunction
with field application curves
Stage Curve --- Stage Depth vs. Storage Volume
900,000 9
8
7
Stage Level from Top of Marker (ft)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Overflow
800,000
Freeboard
Storage Volume (gal)
700,000
25yr 24hr storm storage
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Stage Depth from Bottom (ft)
7
8
9
10
Field 4 Spreadable Acrage
Application Volume By Application Depth
1
Application Depth (inch/acre)
0.9
Application Rate
for Field 4
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
100,000 200,000
300,000
400,000 500,000
600,000
Application Volume for 33.6 Acres (gal)
700,000 800,000
900,000
P-Based Application Summary
Where
Spreadable
Acres
When
Crop
Amount
Needed
Field 4
33.6
September
Wheat Cover
followed by Corn
Silage
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
Field 5
27.9
March
Corn Silage
followed by
Wheat Cover
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
Field 6a
18.3
September
or March
Wheat/Silage
Silage/Wheat
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
P-Based Application Summary
Where
Spreadable
Acres
When
Crop
Amount
Needed
Amount
Applied
Field 4
33.6
September
Wheat Cover
followed by
Corn Silage
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
19,000 gal
0.7 ac/in
Field 5
27.9
March
Corn Silage
followed by
Wheat Cover
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
23,000 gal
0.8 ac/in
Field 6a
18.3
September
or March
Wheat/Silage
Silage/Wheat
24,000 gal
0.9 ac/in
13,500 gal
0.5 ac/in
Example – Fall Application
Field 4 – 33.6 acres
PAN
lbs/acre
P2O5
lbs/acre
K 2O
lbs/acre
Application Rate
19,000 gal/ac
(0.7 ac/in)
105*
51
222
Crop Need
24,000 gal/ac
(0.9 ac/in)
150
65
100
Additional Fertilizer
Required
45**
14
(122)
* Includes 19 lbs. residual N
** Use PSNT to confirm crop needs
Example – Spring Application
Field 5 – 27.9 acres
PAN
lbs/acre
P2O5
lbs/acre
K 2O
lbs/acre
Application Rate
23,000 gal/ac
(0.8 ac/in)
123*
62
269
Crop Need
24,000 gal/ac
(0.9 ac/in)
150
65
100
Additional Fertilizer
Required
27**
3
(169)
* Includes 19 lbs. residual N
** Use PSNT to confirm crop needs
Calibration Confirmation
Critical to plan implementation
Common failure point
Liquid Tank Applicator Calibration
Tank
Number
7400
4800
4200
4200
3000
•
•
Actual
Gallons
5508
5088
3760
4344
2722
%
Difference
26 6+
12 3+
10 -
Data Source: Dr. Kris Kohl, ISU Extension
Photograph Source: Kapil Arora, ISU Extension
Liquid Tank Applicator Calibration
• Calculate Volume Applied
• Calculate Area
• Divide Volume Applied by
Area Covered
Refer ISU Extension Publication PM – 1948
Liquid Tank Applicator Calibration
Dry Box Spreader Calibration
•
Photograph Source: NRCS
Dry Box Spreader Calibration
•
Photograph Source: NRCS
Dry Box Spreader Calibration
• Uniformity and Distribution
• Spread several sheets / trays
• Weigh each tray separately and
determine rates
• Refer to ISU Extension Publication
PM - 1941
NRCS 590
• Time
• Form
• Rate
• Placement
• Source
Of all nutrients, organic and inorganic,
needs to be planned
Application Logistics:
Transportation & Proximity
• Example CNMP ~ 606,000 ft3 sludge volume
• Box Spreader ~ 13 ft x 6 ft x 5 ft = 390 ft3
• ~1,555 level full spreader loads
• Driving 8 miles per hour, an average two mile
round trip will take 15 minutes
• Add 10 minutes per load to spread in the field
• Add 5 minutes to load the spreader at the lagoon
Application Logistics:
Transportation & Proximity
• It will take 15 + 10 + 5 = 30 minutes to spread
each load
• 1,555 loads will take = 1,555 * 0.5 = 777.5 hours
• Assume working 7 AM to 8 PM and one hour is
used up by refueling and preventative
maintenance every day
• Time to spread 1,555 loads = 777.5 / (13-1) =
65 days
Nutrient Management
Planning
• Planning begins with the whole farm balance but
isn’t complete till the annual, field by field
allocation is accomplished.
• Work in cooperation with the producer to create
useable plans.
– Plan providers knowledge combined with producers
logistic
• Create plans that are agronomically sound,
financially beneficial, and environmentally
protective.
Comments and Discussion