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Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry by Howard Rosen, Staff, Washington Office Ted Wegner, Assistant Director, Forest Products Laboratory USDA Forest Service November 16, 2006 Presentation Overview Nanotechnology overview Federal/public perspectives on forest products Federal Government integrated role in advancing nanotechnology in the forest products industry Definition of Nanotechnolgy Scale: 1 nm – 100 nm (1 nm = 1 billionth or 10-9of a meter) Creating nanoscale size materials does not mean nanotechnology is involved Material must have unique properties (e.g. electrical, physical, chemical, optical) that are different that the bulk properties Achieving those unique properties must be repeatable and controllable Nanomaterials Opportunities Nanomaterials offer the potential for unprecedented material performance that could • Solve major societal problems (e.g. energy, medicine, environment, manufacturing, communications, computing, and security) • Energize the economy for decades - Revitalize existing businesses (e.g. forest products) - Boost competitiveness globally - Create entirely new industries The race for global leadership in nanotechnology is underway Source: October 2004 Lux Research Report Per capita and total use of roundwood for products 80 20000 16000 14000 50 12000 40 10000 8000 30 Per capita consumption 6000 Total consumption 20 4000 10 2000 Year 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 1975 1973 1971 1969 0 1967 0 1965 Cubic feet per capita 60 Total consumption (million cubic feet) 18000 70 The United States is the Largest Producer of Industrial Wood 450 100 400 90 350 80 70 300 Non-Tropical 250 60 Tropical 50 200 40 150 30 Portugal Belarus Romania Turkey Austria Czech Rep Spain New Zealand Poland South Africa Australia Japan Chile India France Germany Malaysia Finland Indonesia 0 Sweden 0 Russian Fed 10 Brazil 50 China 20 Canada 100 USA Millions of Cubic Metres Percent of Total World Production Impact of Global Competition Domestically produced shares of the U.S. market have declined for most wood products 85% Paper & Paperboard 80% 96% OSB & Plywood 75% 1990 2002 75% Softwood Lumber 63% 78% Household Furniture 50% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Soot : Contains Value Cellulose Synthesis and Material Production: Nature Working Across a Length Scale >1010! Cellulose nanofiber bundles ~28nm 6 Assembly proteins (rosette) which produces cellulose nanofibers www.ita.doc.gov/td/forestprod/ jupiter.phys.ttu.edu/corner/1999/dec99.pdf Source: Jeffery Catchmark , Penn State University Candace Haigler and Larry Blanton, Cellulose: “You're surrounded by it, but did you know it was there?” Nanotechnology & Wood Wood / Lignocellulose One of the most abundant biological raw materialsubiquitous Nano-fibrilar structure Self-assembly—controlled Lignocellulose as a nanomaterial and its interact with other nanomaterials is largely unexplored Capacity to be made multifunctional New analytical techniques adapted to biomaterials are beginning to allow us to see new possibilities A cornerstone for advancing the biomass-based renewable & sustainable economy America Needs a Strong Forest Products Industry Outlet for forest biomass that needs to be removed to reduce fuel load and improve forest health & condition Forest biomass sales offset the cost of forest management on public lands Helps prevent conversion of privately –held forestland to non-forest uses Makes use of a National strategic asset to provide jobs, fuel the economy, and meet the needs of people for material needs Nanotechnology can help reinvent the forest products industry Technology is the major driving factor for growth at every level of an economy and is a key factor in enabling competitive advantage in the market place New, higher profit products, based upon pioneering, innovative technology creation, are needed Lighter weight, stronger, multifunctional materials from wood New products New markets New functionalities Federal Role in Nanotechnology R&D Support sustainable forestry and sustainable forest products as a positive economic, social, and ecological force within the Nation Promote, conduct, and support high risk, fundamental nanotechnology research Acquire and maintain state of the art Federal R&D nanotechnology facilities and provide access to unique and cost effective research facilities and capacities with other partners to move the US forest-based economy forward Source of R&D Funds 2003 3% 3% Industry 30% Federal Government University 64% Non-Profit 2003 R&D Spending $283 Billion All R&D in the United States Source: National Science Foundation Nanotechnology Workshop For the Forest Products Industry October 17 - 19, 2004 www.nanotechforest.org Nanotechnology Roadmap: Priority R&D Areas Polymer Composites and Nano-Reinforced Materials Self-Assembly and Biomimetics Cell-Wall Nanotechnology Sensors, Processing, and Process Controls Analytic Methods for Nanostructure Characterization Nanotechnology Task Group Goals Link nanotechnology with other Agenda 2020 platforms through Technology Roadmap Establish a Brain Trust to identify 3 - 4 priority areas Organize annual Nanotechnology Conference -Focal point for industry / academia / government Agenda 2020 Focus for the Future Meeting the Challenge of Deployment O2 CO2 Positively Impacting the Environment Significant Reduction in Greenhouse Gases Decreased Ecological Footprint Next Generation Fiber Recovery and Utilization Recycled Fiber Indistinguishable from Virgin Fiber Advancing the Forest “Bio-refinery” Sustainable Forest Productivity Extracting Value prior to Pulping New Value from Residuals & Spent Liquors Breakthrough Mfg. Technologies Major Manufacturing Cost/Capital Reduction Significant Enhancement in Product Properties with Existing Assets Substantial Improvement Advancing the Wood in Energy Efficiency for Products Revolution Existing Processes Improved Building Systems Technologically Advanced Workforce Reduced System Costs From Workforce to Knowledge Workers in 7 years Nanotechnology Deployment Strategies Adapt & Deploy Existing Nanotechnologies Reduces costs by leveraging existing investments Shortest time to deployment Exploits existing nanotechnology knowledge base Adds value and functionality to existing products Create & Deploy Novel New Nanotechnologies Exploits the unique nanoscale components and properties of wood Enables new generations of cost effective products & materials Exploits the full potential of wood as the material for the 21st Century Achieves maximum efficiency of material use Nano Focus Areas Focus Area 1: Improve strength weight performance Target •40% fewer materials for same performance •60# performance with 45# CWF •Mechanical (bonding ) and optical performances Focus Area 2: Forest Nanomaterials •Liberation and use of nanocellulose •Other nanomaterials from bio-resource •Non covalent disassembly/reassembly nano-fractionalization and nano-catalysis for separations •Entropic effects in the assembly and disassembly of nanomaterials in forestry Focus Area 3 : Understanding the control of water-lignocellulose interaction for modification of properties •Water removal and in the end product •Energy cost of water, fiber swell in the presence of water •Control and manipulation of hydrogen bonding (7 types) •Control of mechanosorptive behavior •Water repelling, barriers •Control of degradation •Control/modification of surface chemistry Nano Focus Areas Focus Area 4 - Inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoscale surface modification Paper, MDF, OSB are all composite materials •Compatibilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials •Interactions at nano-scale Focus Area 5 - Photonics and Electronic/Piezo properties •100 % Opacity Focus Area 6 - Modifications for energy efficiency : Process related •Nano-catalysis in pulping and chemistry •Low temp pulping •Nano pores in felts •Water removal •Low corrosion materials Key Stakeholders Forest Products Industry Universities Federal Departments/Agencies NNI/NSET/PCAST/OSTP---OMB National Science Foundation DOE Basic Sciences DOE National Laboratories National Institute of Standards & Technology USDA CSREES USDA Forest Service 2007 Nanotechnology Conference Knoxville TN, June 13 to 15 2007 Oak Ridge National Lab tie-in Focal point for task force reviews and workshops Tappi/ FPS co-managed Co-sponsors AF&PA USDA Forest Service USDA CSREES U Tennessee IUFRO American Chemical Society Thank you for your attention