Distributed Mobile Tracking A Novel Location Management
Download
Report
Transcript Distributed Mobile Tracking A Novel Location Management
Distributed Mobile Tracking
A Novel Location Management Scheme for
Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks
Student : kwin-yee Lin
Advisor: Chun-Chuan Yang
Ref: “Distributed Mobile Tracking: A Novel Location Management
Scheme for Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks,” Journal
of Computer Networks, vol. 43, issue 2, October 2003, pp. 147-161.
http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/COMNET2003.pdf
Outline
Introduction
Distributed Mobile Tracking
Improvement of DMT
Routing protocols
Performance Evaluation
Conclusion
2
Introduction
Wired→Wireless
– personal communications technologies
Wireless IP protocol
– Mobile IP
– Cellular IP
3
Cellular IP network
4
Distributed Mobile Tracking
Distributed location management
– Trace of the mobile host
Hybrid with original cellular IP protocol
5
Mobile Tracking Tree (MT-Tree)
6
Maintain Tree Structure
7
Improvement of DMT
Tree-pruning
– Branches of MT-Tree are never longer than
the path of original gateway routing
Tree-growing
– Increase the coverage area of MT-Tree
8
Tree-pruning (I)
9
Tree-pruning (II)
10
Tree-growing (I)
11
Tree-growing (II)
12
Unicast protocol
A hybrid routing scheme
A base station has received a data
packet:
– Destination found in MT-Cache
– Destination not found in MT-Cache
13
Gateway-based multicast
protocol (GBMP)
14
Gateway-based multicast protocol with
route option (GBMP-RO)
15
Mobile tracking-based multicast
protocol (MTMP)
16
Discussion
Overhead introduced by DMT:
– Base Station
• MT-Cache maintenance
• Pruning process and Growing process
– Mobile Host
• MT-Cache Update during handoff
– Multicast
• GBRouteOption and MTRouteOption
17
Simulation environment
Network topology:8 × 8 mesh
5000 mobile hosts
2000 sets in each time slot
600 time slots in each round
MoveProb parameter
18
Performance criteria
Average hop count
Average cost of multicasting
Load of each wired link in the cellular IP
network
19
Average hop count
20
Hit ratio of unicast
21
Link load (unicast)
22
Average transmission cost
(multicast)
23
Link load(group size = 2)
24
Link load(group size = 4)
25
Link load(group size = 8)
26
Hit ratio of MTMP
27
Conclusion
1.
2.
DMT is proposed
Improvement of DMT:
Tree-pruning
Tree-growing
28
Conclusion
3.
Proposed Multicast Protocols:
GBMP,GBMP-RO
MTMP
4.
Adv. of DMT-based protocol:
Shorter path
Load balance
5.
Future work
29
Extended Research
Ref: “A Multicast Routing Protocol for Group Communications in Cellular
IP Networks,” Proceedings, IEEE ICC, 2005.
http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/ICC2005.pdf
Motivation
– Large group size low hit ratio of MT-Tree
routing in MTMP, and MTMP is more like
GBMP-RO
– Reason: MT-Trees of group members are
built independently
– Idea of distributed group tracking
30
Distributed Group Tracking (DGT)
DGT-Cache Structure:
Group ID
Branch information
Radio user count (RC)
Branch information: a list of base station ID
(a) Structure of DGT-Cache
G1 B2
RC=1
B1
G1 B1, B3, B5 RC=0
B2
G1 B3
B3
m1
B4
m2
G1 B2, B4
G1: m1, m2, m3, m4
B5
G1 B2
RC=1
m3
RC=1
RC=1
m4
(b) Example of DGT-Tree
Figure 1. Using DGT-Cache for representing DGT-Tree
31
DGT-Tree: join operation
m2 wants to join group G1
1m2 sends an IGMP-Join message to G
2G asks m1 to report location to m2
3m1 informs m2 its current location (B1)
4m2 invokes DGT-Tree-Grow toward B1
G1: m1
G
2.
3.
B1
B2
1.
B3
B4
4.
m1
Gateway
m2
Branch-Extend (G1, B4, B3)
Branch-Extend (G1, B3, B2)
Branch-Extend (G1, B2, B1)
Figure 2. E.g. DGT-Tree-Grow process
32
DGT-Tree: leave operation
m2
B3
Branch-Cut (G1, B4, B2)
B2
B4
B5
m3
m3 leaves group G1
2.
B1
1.
Branch-Cut (G1, B5, B4)
m1
Figure 3. E.g. DGT-Tree-Trim process
33
DGT-Tree: handoff scheme
DGT-Tree
DGT-Tree
DGT-Tree-Grow
RC--
B1
DGT-Tree-Trim
RC--
B2
B2 RC++
B1
m1
m1
Handoff
Handoff
(a) New base station is not on DGT-Tree
(b) New base station is on DGT-Tree
Figure 4. DGT handoff scheme
34
Simulation result: transmission cost
Avg. Transmission Cost
70
M TM P
GBM P-RO
DGT
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
Group Size
15
20
30
40
Figure 5. Average transmission cost (MoveProb = 0.5)
35
Simulation result: related link load
1
MTMP
Relative Link Load
0.8
GBMP-RO
DGT
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Link ID
70
80
90
100
110
Figure 6. Relative link load at 600th time slot (Group size = 10, MoveProb = 0.5)
36