Transcript Distributed Mobile Tracking A Novel Location Management

Distributed Mobile Tracking
A Novel Location Management Scheme for
Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks
Student : kwin-yee Lin
Advisor: Chun-Chuan Yang
Ref: “Distributed Mobile Tracking: A Novel Location Management
Scheme for Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks,” Journal
of Computer Networks, vol. 43, issue 2, October 2003, pp. 147-161.
http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/COMNET2003.pdf
Outline
Introduction
 Distributed Mobile Tracking
 Improvement of DMT
 Routing protocols
 Performance Evaluation
 Conclusion

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Introduction

Wired→Wireless
– personal communications technologies

Wireless IP protocol
– Mobile IP
– Cellular IP
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Cellular IP network
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Distributed Mobile Tracking

Distributed location management
– Trace of the mobile host

Hybrid with original cellular IP protocol
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Mobile Tracking Tree (MT-Tree)
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Maintain Tree Structure
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Improvement of DMT

Tree-pruning
– Branches of MT-Tree are never longer than
the path of original gateway routing

Tree-growing
– Increase the coverage area of MT-Tree
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Tree-pruning (I)
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Tree-pruning (II)
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Tree-growing (I)
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Tree-growing (II)
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Unicast protocol
A hybrid routing scheme
 A base station has received a data
packet：

– Destination found in MT-Cache
– Destination not found in MT-Cache
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Gateway-based multicast
protocol (GBMP)
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Gateway-based multicast protocol with
route option (GBMP-RO)
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Mobile tracking-based multicast
protocol (MTMP)
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Discussion

Overhead introduced by DMT：
– Base Station
• MT-Cache maintenance
• Pruning process and Growing process
– Mobile Host
• MT-Cache Update during handoff
– Multicast
• GBRouteOption and MTRouteOption
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Simulation environment
Network topology：8 × 8 mesh
 5000 mobile hosts
 2000 sets in each time slot
 600 time slots in each round
 MoveProb parameter

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Performance criteria
Average hop count
 Average cost of multicasting
 Load of each wired link in the cellular IP
network

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Average hop count
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Hit ratio of unicast
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Link load (unicast)
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Average transmission cost
(multicast)
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Link load（group size = 2）
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Link load（group size = 4）
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Link load（group size = 8）
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Hit ratio of MTMP
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Conclusion
1.
2.
DMT is proposed
Improvement of DMT：
 Tree-pruning
 Tree-growing
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Conclusion
3.
Proposed Multicast Protocols：
 GBMP，GBMP-RO
 MTMP
4.
Adv. of DMT-based protocol：
 Shorter path
 Load balance
5.
Future work
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Extended Research
Ref: “A Multicast Routing Protocol for Group Communications in Cellular
IP Networks,” Proceedings, IEEE ICC, 2005.
http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/ICC2005.pdf

Motivation
– Large group size  low hit ratio of MT-Tree
routing in MTMP, and MTMP is more like
GBMP-RO
– Reason: MT-Trees of group members are
built independently
– Idea of distributed group tracking
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Distributed Group Tracking (DGT)
DGT-Cache Structure:
Group ID
Branch information
Radio user count (RC)
Branch information: a list of base station ID
(a) Structure of DGT-Cache
G1 B2
RC=1
B1
G1 B1, B3, B5 RC=0
B2
G1 B3
B3
m1
B4
m2
G1 B2, B4
G1: m1, m2, m3, m4
B5
G1 B2
RC=1
m3
RC=1
RC=1
m4
(b) Example of DGT-Tree
Figure 1. Using DGT-Cache for representing DGT-Tree
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DGT-Tree: join operation
m2 wants to join group G1
1m2 sends an IGMP-Join message to G
2G asks m1 to report location to m2
3m1 informs m2 its current location (B1)
4m2 invokes DGT-Tree-Grow toward B1
G1: m1
G
2.
3.
B1
B2
1.
B3
B4
4.
m1
Gateway
m2
Branch-Extend (G1, B4, B3)
Branch-Extend (G1, B3, B2)
Branch-Extend (G1, B2, B1)
Figure 2. E.g. DGT-Tree-Grow process
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DGT-Tree: leave operation
m2
B3
Branch-Cut (G1, B4, B2)
B2
B4
B5
m3
m3 leaves group G1
2.
B1
1.
Branch-Cut (G1, B5, B4)
m1
Figure 3. E.g. DGT-Tree-Trim process
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DGT-Tree: handoff scheme
DGT-Tree
DGT-Tree
DGT-Tree-Grow
RC--
B1
DGT-Tree-Trim
RC--
B2
B2 RC++
B1
m1
m1
Handoff
Handoff
(a) New base station is not on DGT-Tree
(b) New base station is on DGT-Tree
Figure 4. DGT handoff scheme
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Simulation result: transmission cost
Avg. Transmission Cost
70
M TM P
GBM P-RO
DGT
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
Group Size
15
20
30
40
Figure 5. Average transmission cost (MoveProb = 0.5)
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Simulation result: related link load
1
MTMP
Relative Link Load
0.8
GBMP-RO
DGT
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Link ID
70
80
90
100
110
Figure 6. Relative link load at 600th time slot (Group size = 10, MoveProb = 0.5)
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