Transcript Community Initiatives in Managing Groundwater Distress

5th World Water Forum
16-22 March, 2009, Istanbul
Andhra Pradesh Farmer
Managed Groundwater
Systems (APFAMGS)
Project
Background
• Food and Agriculture Organization
is implementing the Andhra
Pradesh Farmer Managed
Groundwater systems (APFAMGS)
Project in India spread over 638
villages forming part of 303
Panchayats in 7 districts.
• The Implementation is through a
federation of 9 NGO’s.
• The operational unit is
Hydrological Unit (63 HU’s in all).
Knowledge based Community action
for sustainable groundwater
development
Project Approach
APFAMGS project’s premise is to enable farmers with
knowledge capacity skills triggering behavioral change
resulting in voluntary self regulation
Promote pro-active partnerships between up-stream and
downstream water users with in a drainage unit
Farmers work unitedly towards managing the available
groundwater resource optimally
Offer no incentives either as cash or subsidies to make
difficult choices
Enable opportunities and forum for women to participate in
decision making
Nurture people’s institutions to initiate local governance on
groundwater management
Demand Side Groundwater Management
APFAMGS concept of Demand Side Groundwater Management (DSGM) project is
a community driven initiative that adopts number of steps to:
–
strengthen local institutions at the habitation and hydrologic unit level
–
bring on center stage discussions on emerging water crisis especially on
groundwater.
–
demystify the science of water and train the farmers to participate in
technical data collection
–
ensure proper understanding on groundwater resource that can be safely
pumped
–
treat groundwater as common property resource
–
adopt numerous steps at the farm level towards
• Improve crop water efficiency,
• Reduce wastage
• Minimize contamination of aquifers
Farmer Water Schools
•
Farmer Water School (FWS) approach promotes group learning aimed at
improving skills and knowledge amongst the farmers
•
30 Farmers meet as a school once every 15 days for 12 months (June–May)
to discuss and diagnose the different problems related to groundwater
resource availability based on the data they have collected
•
Farmers are enabled with Non formal Education Tools to understand the
science of Hydrology and are supported to carry out short and long term
experiments to identify solutions for solving the various problems
•
FWS is facilitated through farmer facilitators who are one among them who
are already trained and have adequate experience
•
Topics covered include geology, hydrogeology, water cycle, soil, land use,
cropping system water availability, organic farming, water use efficiency,
gender role in water sharing, crop planning and issues on HIV/AID’s
affecting the farming sector
•
The project has already trained over 15000 Farmer Facilitators whose
services are tapped for various government programmes
Farmer Water Schools
Participatory Hydrologic Monitoring
Groundwater Management Committees (GMC) are involved in technical
data collection in 638 habitation and share it with close to a million
farmers.
4333 farmer volunteers (men and women) involved in collecting technical
data (voluntarily)
• Daily rainfall measurement collected from 190 rain gauge stations
• Daily groundwater levels monitored from 90 monitoring wells
• Fortnightly groundwater levels monitored from 2019 monitoring wells
• Fortnightly well discharge measurement carried out from 969
monitoring wells
• Daily Surface water outflows from the Hydrological unit measured at
65 micro-basins
• Seasonal groundwater quality measurements are carried out from 300
drinking water wells
• Data stored in computerized data base.
• Farmers share data freely with Government.
• Data Prized for others (used for maintenance and upkeep of
infrastructure)
Participatory Hydrological Monitoring
People’s Institutions
•
Multi layer inclusive institution (638-GMC, 63-HUN) integrated vertically
– Ground water Management Committee (GMC) operate at the Habitation
level with membership of men and women farmers
– GMC’s within a hydrological boundary federated to form Hydrological Unit
Network (HUN)
– HUN’s provided with legal cover (registered under societies act) to receive
funds and implement the project on their own
– HUN’s receive funds from NGO’s and transact all business independently
– Furnish monthly reports, annual balance sheet and develop vision document
– Institutions ensure farmers overcome selfish interests and work towards
common goal
– Institutions consolidate individual views, develop common perspective
towards handling groundwater distress collectively
– Institutions help in getting appropriate price for produce as well as tap
government schemes
People’s Institutions
Crop Water Budget (CWB)
•
Groundwater balance estimation referred to as Crop Water Budget
(CWB) exercise is carried out annually prior to second cropping
season for individual Hydrological Units.
•
CWB provides a platform for the the all the groundwater user
community to come together and share data for the entire
Hydrological Unit.
•
Community of farmers on their own compute groundwater resource
availability for the coming cropping season
•
Estimate the amount of groundwater that can be safely pumped
•
Set framework for adoption of appropriate crop plan matching with
the groundwater availability
•
Understand the potential risks related to water intensive crops
•
Identify opportunities for water savings and improving crop water
efficiency
•
Establish linkage with government departments for tapping schemes
supporting water savings
Crop Water Budgeting (CWB)
Accomplishments
FAO evolution Nov 2008
•
Farmers understand seasonal occurrence and distribution of groundwater in
their habitations and Hydrological Units
•
Regularly collect and record rainfall and associated groundwater data.
•
Conduct groundwater balance estimate on their own
•
Share data with community and use it in decision making
•
Control groundwater pumping at sustainable levels.
•
Pro-actively manage groundwater depletion
•
Create greater wealth through reduced pumping
•
Recognize groundwater as a common property and manage it for the
collective benefit.
•
Women empowerment leading to greater role in decision making - crop
plans, crop water use, organic agriculture, marketing
•
Farmers generate funds through data sales, trainings and consultancy
Identify Ground level Actions for managing
available resources optimally
Accomplishments
Positive changes in groundwater balance
Balance in MCMs
-5
-15
-20
Hydrological Units
Chandrasagar
Rallavagu
Kanugalavagu
Narsireddipalli
Erravanka
Mekaleru
Chandravagu
Mulabandla
Pulivagu
Buchammakonetivanka
Bhaskararaokunta
-10
Rallavagu
No change 18 HUs
Uppuvagu
Lingojipalli Vagu
Bokkineru
Erravagu
Peddavagu
Maruvavanka
Rommonivagu
Thandrasila
Vemuleru
Tarlupaduvagu
Decrease
5HUs
Bodicherla
Naidupalli Vagu
Nakkillavagu
Peethuruvagu
Peddavanka
Chinneru
Thundlavagu
Improved Groundwater Balance
Groundwater Balance favorably altered in 53 Hydrological Units led by Demand
Side Groundwater Management
Balance Comparison 2006-07& 2007-08
15
10
Increase 35 HUs
5
0
Adoption of Water Saving Practices
Improved Water Use Efficiency could reduce groundwater pumping spread over
2005-06, 2006-07 & 2007-08
Water savings achieved in major crops in 2007-08
Crop
Groundnut
Vermicompost
600
Sunflower
Chillies
Sweet orange
Tomato
Sprinkler
2924385
Mulching
4450
44880
51408
229993
515635
1176
Check
basin
Alternate
furrow
791340
23530
468
Drip
20350
313467
12600
3440626
4608
11650
5968
79200
Papaya
62100
15867
Mulberry
43980
All crops
3298035
Other crops
Total
Ridges &
Furrow
985050
Banana
Cotton
PVC pipes
1200
283400
47100
(Values in cu.m.)
11040
568819
3273265
5000
292926
814870
350467
551060
29592
4196734 3298035 1014642
Sweet Orange
2006-07
Papaya
Banana
600-800 mm
Mulberry
2005-06
Rice
Change in cropping pattern
Sugar Cane
Drum Stick
Potato
400-600 mm
Tomato
Cotton
Chillies
Sunflower
Groundnut
Jowar
Maize
Mango
Bajra
200-400 mm
Brinjal
Greengram
Blackgram
Finger Millet
Castor
Bengal gram
6000
Sesamum
Redgram
Area in Ha.
Improvement in Crop Water Efficiency
2007-08
8000
7000
> 800 mm
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Restraint in groundwater pumping
Groundwater pumping for agricultural use significantly controlled over the four years
Wealth Generation through Demand Side
Groundwater Management Delhi School of Economics -2008
•
Farm level profitability by adopting DSGM has shown improvement
•
Net Value of Output (NVO) was calculated through survey of over 900
farmers both in the project and outside.
Check Growth of new wells
Num ber of Active Pum ping Borew ells
•
Community successfully restricted
the construction of bore-wells
that are not critical
Improved Efficiency of pump
performance
25000
24500
24000
No of Wells
•
23500
23000
22500
22000
21500
2006-07
2007-08
Year
•
Prevented usage of in-efficient
bore-wells
•
Rejuvenated abandoned open dug
wells
•
Increased groundwater recharge
at Hydrologic Unit level
2008-09
Reduced Groundwater use in raising water
intensive crops
Improved Water use efficiency
Replication of FAO experience by
International donors and Government
programmes
Replication of APFAMGS project learning's
• World Bank Funded –Andhra Pradesh CommunityBased Tank Management Project Andhra Pradesh India
• Australian Centre for International Agriculture
Research: Impacts of Watershed Development in
Andhra Pradesh (India) and North West Victoria
Irrigation Area (Australia)
• Climate Adaptation Flagship (CSIRO Sustainable
Ecosystems) Building adaptive capacity of farming
communities in rainfed farming systems of Andhra Pradesh,
India
Taking IT to farmers for sustainable
management of groundwater
resources
IT enabling Demand Side Groundwater Management by Community
Database of farmer collected data
GIS maps for use by community
Interactive Kiosk as decision making tool
Dissemination of Project Learning's
Training Workshops
•
Regular Learning Workshop on
Demand Side Groundwater
Management
•
Participants include Government
Officers, Programme Managers of
International Agencies, NGO’s,
Government Project Staff and
farmers
•
Visitors from Central, State
agencies, Bi-Lateral, International
Projects, students and bureaucrats
•
Training Faculty largely farmers ,
facilitators, village co-coordinators
supported by project staff.
Project Web Site http://www.apfamgs.org
Thank You
email: [email protected]
http://www.apfamgs.org