Transcript Matter and Change

Matter and Change
Final Exam Review 2014
Unit 1: What is Science?
Metric Conversions:
1) 125 g to kg
2) 21.3 km to cm
3) 3.34 mm to cm
4) 1.23 mL to L
5) 8.32 cg to mg
6) 4.978 mg to dg
7) 40.4 km to cm
8) 8.98 mg to g
9) 50.1 mm to km
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
0.125 kg
2130000 cm
0.334 cm
0.00123 L
83.2 mg
0.04978 dg
4040000 cm
0.00898 g
0.0000501 km
10) 4.8 lb. to kg
11) 1.2 m to in
12) 27.4 kg to lb.
13) 0.25 lb. to g
14) 6 feet to cm
15) 23 °C to K
16) 180 °C to K
17) 540 K to °C
18) 5000 K to °C
19) 27 °C to K
Answers
10) 2.18 kg
11) 47.24 in
12) 60.28 lb
13) 113.63 g
14) 182.88 cm
15) 296 K
16) 453 K
17) 267 °C
18) 4727 °C
19) 300 K
Density:
1) What is the volume of a tank that can hold
18,754 kg of methanol whose density is
0.788 kg/cm3?
2) What is the density of a board whose
dimensions are 5.54 cm x 10.6 cm x 199 cm
and whose mass is 28.6 kg?
3) The volume of the aquarium in our classroom
is 1890 cm3. the density of seawater is 1.03
g/cm3. What is the mass of our tank?
Answers
1) 23799 cm3
2) 0.002 kg/cm3
3) 1946.7 g
Scientific Notation:
Write the following in scientific notation.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
1001
53
6,926,300,000
392
0.00361
0.13592
0.00000013
0.567
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
1.001 x 103
5.3 x 101
6.9263 x 109
3.92 x 102
3.61 x 10-3
1.3592 x 10-1
1.3 x 10-7
5.67 x 10-1
Write the following in standard notation:
9) 1.92 x 103
10) 3.051 x 101
11) 4.29 x 102
12) 6.251 x 109
13) 8.317 x 106
14) 1.03 x 10-2
15) 8.862 x 10-1
16) 9.512 x 10-8
17) 6.5 x 10-3
Answers
9) 1920
10) 30.51
11) 429
12) 6251000000
13) 8317000
14) 0.0103
15) 0.8862
16) 0.00000009512
17) 0.0065
Interpreting Graphs:
Atomic Number
Ionization Energy (volts)
2
24.46
4
9.28
6
11.22
8
13.55
10
21.47
1) What is the independent variable on this table?
2) What is the dependent variable on this table?
3) How many elements are represented on the table?
4) Which element has the highest ionization energy?
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
Atomic Number
Ionization Energy
5
2 - Helium
1) How many sets of data are represented?
2) On approximately what calendar month does
the graph begin?
3) In what month does the graph reach its highest
point?
Answers
1) There are two sets of data.
2) The graph begins approximately in April.
3) The highest point is reached in July.
Unit 2: Atomic Structure and the Periodic
Table
Atomic Structure:
1) Who was the first person to believe that all matter
consisted of extremely small particles that could not
be divided?
2) Who believed that matter was built from only four
substances (earth, fire, water, air)?
3) What did Dalton’s model look like?
4) Who discovered that atoms were made up of even
smaller particles?
5) What particle did Thomson discover?
6) What significant discovery did Rutherford
make about the structure of the atom?
7) What are the three particles found in the
atom and where are they located?
8) What are the charges of the three particles
found in the atom?
9) Who designed a model of the atom that had
the electrons revolving around the nucleus of
the atom much like the planets revolve
around the sun?
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Democritus
Aristotle
Dalton’s model resembled a solid sphere.
J J Thomson was the first to discover that atoms were made up of
smaller particles.
Thomson discovered the electron using his sealed tube
experiment.
Rutherford discovered that the positive portion of the atom was
actually concentrated in the center of the atom. This is now called
the nucleus.
Protons and neutrons and located in the nucleus and electrons are
outside the nucleus.
Protons are positively charged; electrons are negatively charged;
neutrons are neutral.
Niels Bohr designed a model of the atom with the electrons
orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun.
Periodic Table:
1) Who is credited for designing the periodic
table?
2) How was it arranged?
3) What is another name for the rows?
4) What is another name for the columns?
5) What is the atomic number?
6) What is the mass number?
7) Name the three classes of elements.
8) What are valence electrons?
Answers
1) Mendeleev
2) The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic
number.
3) Another name for the rows is periods.
4) Another name for the columns is groups.
5) The number of protons found in the nucleus.
6) The average mass of all isotopes of an element.
7) The three classes of elements are metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids.
8) The number of electrons in the outer energy level
of an atom.
1) What is the chemical symbol for argon?
2) What is the group number for argon?
3) What family is argon a member of?
4) What period is argon located in?
5) What is the atomic number for argon?
6) What is the atomic mass for argon?
7) How many protons are in argon?
8) How many neutrons are in argon?
9) How many electrons are in argon?
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Ar
8A
Noble Gases
3
18
39.95 = 40
18
22
18
Unit 3: Chemical Bonding
Writing and Naming Formulas:
Write the chemical formulas for the following:
1) Silver fluoride
2) Nitrogen dioxide
3) Strontium iodide
4) Iron (III) oxide
5) Calcium hydroxide
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
AgF
NO2
SrI2
Fe2O3
Ca(OH)2
Write the name of the following compounds.
1) AgCl
2) Na2S
3) PbCl4
4) CuO
5) CO2
6) Al2(CO3)3
Answers
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Silver chloride
Sodium sulfide
Lead (IV) chloride
Copper (II) oxide
Carbon dioxide
Aluminum carbonate
1) What type of bond is formed between a
metal and a nonmetal?
2) What type of bond is formed between a
nonmetal and a nonmetal?
3) What type of bond is formed between a
metal and a metal?
4) Because transition metals have many
different ions, what must be used when to
differentiate these ions when naming
compounds?
5) When drawing a Bohr model, what is the
maximum number of electrons in the first
energy level?
6) The second energy level?
7) The third energy level?
8) With the exception of hydrogen and helium,
what is the minimum number of electrons
that an atom can have in order to be
considered stable?
9) Where on the periodic table do you find the
number of valence electrons?
Answers
1) An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a
nonmetal.
2) A covalent bond is formed between a nonmetal and a
nonmetal.
3) A metallic bond is formed between a metal and a
metal.
4) Roman numerals are used to differentiate between ions
of transition metals when naming compounds.
5) There are 2 electrons in the first energy level.
6) There are 8 electrons in the second energy level.
7) There are 8 electrons in the third energy level.
8) A minimum of 8 electrons will make an atom stable.
9) Valence electron numbers are found at the top of the
group.
Unit 4: Phase Changes and Physical Properties
of Gases
Physical vs. Chemical Changes:
Classify the following as a physical or a chemical change:
1) Mixing sugar and water.
2) Making a peanut, pretzel, and cereal mixture.
3) A piece of metal is bent in half.
4) Methanol is burned and leaves a residue.
5) Copper turns green when exposed to the environment.
6) Two clear liquids are mixed and a yellow color forms.
7) Baking cookies.
8) Diamonds are used to scratch glass.
9) Glass breaking.
10) A bicycle chain rusts.
Answers
1) Physical
2) Physical
3) Physical
4) Chemical
5) Chemical
6) Chemical
7) Chemical
8) Physical
9) Physical
10) Chemical
Combined Gas Law:
1) A sample of argon has a volume of 5.0 L and a
pressure of 0.92 atm. If the final temperature
is 30°C, the final volume is 5.7 L, and the final
pressure is 1.05 atm, what was the initial
temperature of the argon?
2) A sample of sulfur dioxide occupies a volume
of 652 mL at 40°C and 720 mmHg. What
volume will the sulfur dioxide occupy if the
final pressure is 760 mmHg and the final
temperature is 0°C?
Answers
1) 233K = - 40°C
2) 539 mL
Label the following:
Gas
A
F
B
E
C
Solid
D
Answers
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Deposition
Sublimation
Melting
Freezing
Condensation
Vaporization/Evaporation
Complete the following table.
Mixture
Type
Solution
Colloid
Suspension
Separates
into layers
upon
standing
A.
D.
G.
Particles can Scatters light
be filtered
out of
solution
B.
C.
E.
F.
H.
I.
Answers
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes