Transcript Dia 1 - Globelics Academy

TRENDS AND CHANGES IN STI POLICIES
INFLUENCED BY GLOBALISATION
HOW TO MEET THE CHALLENGE IN FINLAND'S
STI POLICY
TAMPERE, JUNE 4TH, 2008
Esko-Olavi Seppälä
S&T Policy Council of Finland
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
FINLAND; the country

338,000 sq. km

5,3 million people

Capital Helsinki



2 official languages
 Finnish
 Swedish
GDP per capita 2006
€ 31,700
Helsinki
a member of
 the European Union
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
CHARACTERISTICS/FINLAND
• Political consensus + citizens' support
• Mutual trust between STI players
• 'Top-down and hands-off' <=> expert and
funding-level (meso-level) activities have
occupied a key role (Academy, Tekes, Sitra)
• Economic crisis in early 1990s <=> ICT boom
<=> technological innovation
• In 2000s: technological + social innovation
• Strengths (incl. high level of education)
mostly self-created
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
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GDP IN FINLAND
1985=100
150
140
130
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100
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R&D EXPENDITURE BY SECTOR
OF PERFORMANCE, million €
7000,0
6000,0
5000,0
4000,0
3000,0
2000,0
1000,0
0,0
1991
1993
1995
public
1997
universities
1999
2001
2003
2005 2006
companies
Source: Statistics Finland
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BREAKDOWN OF INVESTMENT IN R&D
IN 2005 BY SECTOR OF PERFORMANCE
(% of GDP)
Enterprises
Universities
Public Sector
Total
OECD
1.55
0.40
0.30
2.25
U.S.A.
1.80
0.35
0.45
2.60
EU-27
1.10
0.40
0.25
1.75
Japan
2.55
0.45
0.35
3.35
Canada
1.05
0.70
0.20
1.95
Finland
2.45
0.65
0.35
3.45
Source: OECD
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R&D EXPENDITURE
IN FINNISH ENTERPRISES IN 2006
Other industries
20½%
Other
manufacturing
industries
1½%
Chemicals
7%
Engineering and metal products
11%
Food industry 1½%
Wood processing industry
2%
Electronic and electrical industries
56½%
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STRUCTURE OF GOV'T R&D FUNDING
EUR
million
2000
45%
1500
40%
1000
25%
55%
60%
500
75%
0
1996
1999
2006
Free ”competitive” funding
Basic institutional funding
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Government
(Gov't R&D funding 2008: 1 798 million Euro)
Science and Technology Policy Council
Ministry of
Education
(778 million €)
Ministry of
Employment and the
Economy
(673 million €)
Academy of
Finland
(297 million €)
Finnish Funding
Agency for Technology
and Innovation
(526 million €)
Other
Ministries
(347 million €)
SITRA Fund
HE institutes and government research institutes
Enterprises, private research institutes,
funds and foundations, learned societies, intermediaries
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY COUNCIL
OF FINLAND
CHAIRMAN
Prime Minister
DEPUTY CHAIRMEN
Minister of Education and Science
Minister of Economic Affairs
OTHER MINISTERS
Minister of Finance
+ 0 - 4 other ministers
10 OTHER MEMBERS
Academy of Finland
Finnish Funding Agency for Technology
and Innovation (Tekes)
Industry and Commerce
Employees’ organisations
Science Policy Subcommittee
Universities
Technology Policy Subcommittee
+ other members
Council Secreteriat
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
FINNISH SCIENCE BAROMETER 2004
Source: Finnish Science Barometer 2004
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
SWOT ANALYSIS OF FINLAND'S R&D
• A small domestic market area and population
• Limited economic and intellectual resources
• Fragmented research activities:
Resources allocated to a large number of small units
• A small number of foreign students and researchers
• The inflow of FDI is low
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The situation in the mid-2000s
2000’s
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Green line describes the situation
in the 1990s
2000’s
1990’s
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MAIN CHALLENGE
HOW TO RETAIN NATIONAL STRENGTHS AND
COMPETITIVENESS IN THE FUTURE, IN OPEN
GLOBAL COMPETITION?
THE "PACKAGE OF REFORMS" OF THE PRESENT
GOVERNMENT:
- "THE BIG FIVE"
- GENERIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
- SELECTIVE MEASURES
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MEETING THE CHALLENGE I
• THE BIG FIVE:
–
–
–
–
–
Structural and other renewal of the HE institution
National innovation strategy
National infrastructure policy
Structural and other renewal of the sectoral research
Implementation of a four-stage research career system
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NATIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY
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MEETING THE CHALLENGE II
• GENERIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES:
– Internationalisation
– RDI funding
• National target 4 % of GDP by 2011
• Share of public funding around 30 %, i.e. 1.2 % of GDP (today
about 1 %)
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MEETING THE CHALLENGE III
• SELECTIVE DEVELOPMENT ISSUES:
– Strategic centres of excellence in STI ("SHOKs"):
• A cluster-based PPP policy instrument
• Example: www.forestcluster.com
– Centres of expertise programme ("OSKE"):
• A regionally driven cluster-based development programme
(2007-2013)
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
www.research.fi
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB