Transcript Management of E-Waste in California

Management
of
E-Waste
in California
SB 20/50 Implementation: A New
Opportunity for the Collection and
Recycling of E-Waste In California
The Problem:
The Problem:
E-Waste Overview
Fastest Growing Waste Stream in the
Industrialized World (2-5% of Municipal
Solid Waste Stream)
Relatively new waste stream – <20 years
eCyclingsm
Services
Has become a problem of crises
proportions due to rapid rate of
obsolescence (2-3 year refresh of PCs)
Between 1997 and 2007 experts estimate more than
500 million obsolete computers in the US. In California
under the new SB 20/50 electronic device program
revenues could exceed $250 million per year.
E-Waste Overview
Large Volume
Hazardous Composition
Low Residual Value
eCyclingsm
Services
Immature Recycling Laws and
Regulations
Inadequate Domestic Recycling
Infrastructure
Lack of attention from
Manufacturers and Government
CRT Device Product Value
100%
Retail Value
60%
Wholesale
Value
Estimated value
% of Original Cost
80%
40%
20%
0%
0 mo
12 mo
24 mo
36 mo
48 mo
60 mo
California Organization of
Environmental Programs
Cal-EPA
Department of
Toxic Substances
Control (DSTC)
Hazardous Waste
Integrated Waste
Management
Board (CIWMB)
Solid Waste
State Water
Resources
Control Board
Water Quality
Air Resources
Board (CARB)
Air Quality
CUPAs
(County)
LEAs
(County)
Regional
Boards
Regional Air
Districts
Background on CRT Scrap
in California
• Each CRT contains 5-8 lbs of lead
– Fails California HW criteria
• DTSC estimates that 30% of lead
in landfills is from CRTs
• 6-10 million CRTs/yr discarded
– 60% stored in attics,
closets, and back rooms
– 5-10% donated
– 15-20% recycled
– 20-25% disposed in solid waste
California
Hazardous Law Waste
• Is it a Waste: Discarded or recycled?
• Is it Hazardous? – lead example:
– Leachable lead greater than 5 mg/l in Landfill?
– Total lead greater than 1000 mg/kg?
• Households and CESQGs (< 100 kg/mo) may
take to authorized location -- all others
regulated:
– Large Generators must register as generator and use hauler
– Facility receiving haz. waste must have permit
What’s A Computer Made Of?
-- 70 lb Desktop --
Material
Content (%)
Silica
24.9
Plastics
23.0
Iron
20.5
Aluminum
14.2
Copper
6.9 (25x)
Lead
6.3 (60x)
Zinc
2.2 (4x)
Tin
1.0
Nickel
0.9
24 Other HMs
0.2
100%
SB 20 (Sher, 2003) – SB 50 (Sher, 2004)
Landmark E-Waste Legislation
• “Free and Convenient” Recycling
– $6-$10 fee on all CRT sales – started 1/1/05
• DTSC may include other hazardous video devices
• CIWMB may adjust fee to cover costs in 2006
– CIWMB Reimbursements
• Collectors & Recyclers
• Service must be “Free and Convenient”
• CIWMB to adopt rules
• Market-based Recycling – Not Mandates
Terminology
• Hazardous Waste – Subject to DTSC Standards
• Universal Waste – Common and widespread HW eligible for
streamlined management standards adopted by DTSC
• Universal Waste Electronic Device (UWED) – Any hazardous
electronic waste eligible for UW regs
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – Traditional TVs and Monitors
• Covered Electronic Device (CED)– Video Display Device
Subject SB 20/50 fees at point of Sale
• Covered Electronic Waste (CEW)– Video Display Device
Subject to SB 20/50 payments when discarded (> 4 in.)
• Video Display Device – Moving graphical images (e.g.,
CRTs, LCDs, Plasma Screens)
DTSC Regulates
Hazardous Waste:
Anything that is HW
• Full HW
Regulations
– Permits to Handle
• UWED Regulations
– Streamlined Regs
– Handlers notify
Subject to SB 20/SB 50
• Covered Electronic
Waste (Video Display
Devices)
• Subject to Collection &
Recycling Payments
– Administered by CIWMB
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/LawsRegsPolicies/Regs/UWR_regs.cfm
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/LawsRegsPolicies/Regs/CRT_final_regs.cfm
Universal Waste?
UWEDs? CRTs?
• Universal Wastes
• SB 20 U-Waste Video
– Aerosol Cans
Display Electronic
– Fluorescent Lamps
Devices (if > than 4” diag.)
– Mercury Devices
– CRTs & CRT TVs
– CRT Devices & Monitors
– Batteries
– LCD Laptops & Monitors
– Consumer Electronic Devices
Don’t forget February 8, 2006
Exemption Expiration for
Households & CESQUWGs!!!
– LCD TVs
Effective
– Plasma TVs
7/1/05
– Computers? (Pending 2006 Leg)
}
As a Handler may I Dismantle
UWEDs or CRTs?
• NO! Breakage, dismantling,
releasing vacuum is “treatment”
– special additional authorization is required
• Incidental breakage OK as long as contained,
cleaned up and properly managed
• Removing Incidental breakage OK as long as
CRTs from consoles is OK, but WHY? . . .
– CIWMB payments to recyclers and collectors is based on full weight of CRT device delivered to
recycler
Am I a Small or Large Quantity
DTSC Universal Waste Handler?
• Small Quantity Handler = less than 5000
kg/yr of all Universal Waste (except CRTs!)
– Standards: 22 CCR 66273.10 et seq.
• Large Quantity Handler = more than 5000
kg/yr of all Universal Waste (except CRTs!)
– Standards: 22 CCR 66273.30 et seq.
• CRT Material Handler = more than 5 CRTs
– Standards: 22 CCR 66273.80 et seq.
Note: 5000 kg = 11,000 lbs
DTSC UWED Standards
Please Refer to Regs!
• Waste Management
– Containment – prevent breakage – cleanup
– Notification & Reporting – (next slide)
• Labeling/Marking – “UWED” or “CRT” on device,
container, pallet or “area”
• Accumulation Time Limits – one year
– Area or container must be dated
• Employee Training – handling & E-procedures
• Response to Releases – contain and manage
• Off-Site Shipments – must go to Recycler or Handler
–
–
–
–
If Disposal then you are regulated as HW facility!
Must Accept rejected shipments back
Receipts or Bills of Lading and DOT regulations
Containers, Wrapped Pallets – no loose packing
Notification Requirement #1
DTSC UWED or CRT Handler
Form Contents
•Handler Information
•Handling Activities
•Destination Facilities
DTSC Notification as
Handler of UWED or CRT
– DTSC Form 1382
– 30 Days prior to accepting CEWs or UWEDs
– Annual Report due Feb. for Prior Year
•Materials Shipped
•Exports
•Materials Shipped
•Certification
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/Hazardou
sWaste/EWaste/upload/HWM_FR
M_Ewaste_1382.pdf
CIWMB Adopts Regs
4/13/04, Updated 11/9/04 & 12/5/05
Final Regulations: 7/18/06
• Recycler Payments: $0.48/lb
– Only applies to CEWs
– $0.20/lb passed to collector
– Must be “Free and Convenient” Service
• Additional Fees OK for Supplemental Programs
• Notification requirements
– Must notify CIWMB
• Authorized Collector or Recycler
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Rulemaking/
EWaste/default.htm
How the California CEW
Recycling System Works
“Free and Convenient”
$6-$10/unit
Retailer or
Manufacturer
Point of Sale
$6-$10/unit
quarterly
California
Board of
Equalization
Devices
Money
Reports
Consumer
Authorized
Collector
$0.20/lb
CIWMB
$0.28/lb
+ $0.20/lb
Authorized
Recycler
DTSC
End Recycler
Once Again - How Do Authorized
Collectors Get Paid for CEWs?
• Only for CEWs
• Collected After 1/1/05
• Must Notify DTSC as
UWED Handler
• Must Notify CIWMB to
be Authorized
Collector
• Receive $0.20 per
pound of entire device
• Delivered to
Authorized Recycler
“Free and Convenient”
Consumer
CIWMB
$0.28/lb
+ $0.20/lb
Authorized
Collector
$0.20/lb
Authorized
Recycler
Notification Requirement #2
CIWMB Authorized Collector
CIWMB Application for
Authorized Collector
–
–
–
–
CIWMB Form 186
Must receive CIWMB approval – 30 days
Good for 2 years
Net Cost Report due Mar.
http://www.ciwmb.ca.go
v/Electronics/Act2003/
Recovery/Application/
Authorized Collector
Reporting Requirements
1. DSTC
–
–
Notify DTSC if any changes
Annual Report Due February for prior year
•
Due February 1, 2006 if more
than 100 kg of UW in 2005
2. CIWMB
–
–
Notify CIWMB if any changes
Renew application every 2 yrs
•
–
90 days prior to expiration
Net Cost Report Due March 1 for prior year
http://www.ciwmb.
ca.gov/Electronics/
Act2003/Recovery/Ne
tCost/Default.htm
Authorized Collector
Compliance Checklist
Read the Regs: 14 CCR 18660.20
• Only CA CEWs collected after January 1, 2005
• Notify DTSC and Apply with CIWMB
– Can only accept CEWs for CIWMB payment after approval
•
•
•
•
•
Deliver to Authorized Recyclers
Must offer “Free and Convenient” Service
Reporting (DTSC and CIWMB “Net Cost”)
Recordkeeping including collection log & source
Previously “cancelled” units not eligible
Sample Authorized Collector Log
• Generator
Name/Address
• CEWs Received
– Unit Type
– Weight
• Submitted to
Recycler
Why? To Only Pay for “California” CEWs !
Documentation Exemption:
Designated Approved Collectors
Exemptions Under Old Regs
• Cities or Counties
• “Agents” of Local Gov.
Exemptions Under New Regs
• Cities or Counties
• Designated Approved
Collectors
• Permitted SW Facilities
• Not For Profits
Proof of Designation Form
Does Exemption Mean “No
Collection Forms”? – Nope !!!
Source-Anonymous
Collection Log
• Source Anonymous CEWs
– Once Again:
– Local Governments
– Designated Approved Collectors
– Permitted SWFs
– Not For Profits
• Must Fill Out SourceAnonymous Log
– Submit with CEWs to Recycler
What is a “Free and
Convenient” Opportunity?
CIWMB Regulations (22 CCR 18660.6 (d)):
• If the recovery payment from a recycler does not fully cover
the net cost of CEW recovery, and the collector establishes a
cost-free opportunity for a California source to transfer CEWs
to the collector, then an approved collector may charge a fee
for CEW recovery.
• Frequency? Good Question: At least Annually -- Monthly
better – rely totally on $0.20/lb received from state program
– Once F&C Opportunity provided, fee may be charged
• Annual Net Cost Report must justify costs
– Used by CIWMB to determine if $0.20/lb is correct amount
– Must justify any additional costs charged by collector
E-Waste Recycling
Opportunities
• Key to remember that SB 20/50
provides funding for e-waste
recycling programs, but doesn’t
mandate or require such programs
on cities and counties.
• Creates a new money making
opportunity to go sell new recycling
programs!
Recycling Payment
Timeline & “Float”
Authorized Collectors Bring CEWs to Authorized Recycler and Submits Invoice
1/1/06
2/1/06
Collector
Submits to
Recycler
3/1/06
4/1/06
5/1/06
CIWMB Reviews Claim
Recycler Submits January Claim
Recycler gets $$$
Four Month Payment Delay
California Program
Results So Far:
• January 2005: 95 approved collectors
and 20 approved recyclers
• May 2006: 401 approved collectors
and 46 approved recyclers
• 2005 Total Revenues: $73 million
• 2005 Total Claims: $31 million
• First Quarter Claims:
– 2005: 8.8 million pounds
– 2006: 15.8 million pounds
• No Change to Fee & Payment Structure
In Summary:
“It’s going to be a
busy and interesting future for
E-Waste”
• Multi-millions per year in
potential revenue
• Waste Management has
extensive network
• Scrap CRTs, LCDs &
Plasma Screens are Haz.
Waste in California
• Handlers must comply with
DTSC and CIWMB Regs
• New Wastes are Likely to be
added: Computers and
other Electronic Devices