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Research and Development in the Kyrgyz Republic 1 Kyrgyzstan’s team Tynymbek Ormonbekov,Director, Kyrgyz Center of Science and Technology Development, INTAS National Contact Person in Kyrgyzstan Olga Borisova, Expert, Kyrgyz Center of Science and Technology Development, National Information Point KG Akbermet Melis,Expert, Kyrgyz Center of Science and Technology Development, National Information Point KG Tatyana Rybina, director of Academic development Center, American University in Central Asia, KG Natalia Bragina, Acting Executive Director, Education Network Association EdNet, KG 2 General country information Name: Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan (conventional short), former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. Area: 199,900 sq km (77,182 sq miles). Land boundaries: Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Tajikistan, China. Government type: republic National capital: Bishkek Independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) Population: 5,067,000 (UN estimate 2002). Ethnic groups: Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8% Religions: Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5% Languages: Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - state language, Russian - official language 3 Educational system in Kyrgyzstan Ministry of education, science and youth policy of the Kyrgyz Republic Vocational education University Institute Academy Colleges, Professional colleges Secondary schools 4 Legislative base Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic Law about Education Law about higher and postgraduate education 5 Higher Education System In the Kyrgyz Republic there are: 54 universities and academies (practically all of them have social and humanitarian departments, 90% - corresponding program). 31 of them are state, 15 – private, 8 - branches of foreign universities. They have: 33 institutes; 9 branches; 2 colleges. Population is 5 million people, 232030 of them are students. 250000 87,9% 200000 150000 100000 50000 12,1% 0 State financing Source: Report of Education, Sciences and Youth Policy Minister, July, 4, 2006 Self-financing 6 Educational system and reforms Diploma of state standard for all higher educational institutions (private and state) 11 years secondary school Colleges and professional education is not popular Official strategy of the Ministry - towards joining the Bologna process in perspective (6 criteria) Introduction of credit system in universities (14 pilot universities have already transferred) Introduction of Bachelor, Master and PhD programs in universities (30% of universities introduced the 3-cycle system keeping also the old one) Bridging business and education to make curricula more oriented to the market realities and demand (Career Centers have been opened in universities) Intensification of faculty and students’ mobility through international programs 7 R&D Structure in Kyrgyzstan President National Academy of Sciences Gogorku Kenesh (Parliament) Government Ministry of Education, Sciences and Youth Policy State Agency on Intellectual property under the Government Non-Government Organizations Universities (State and Private) 8 Ministry of Education, Research and Youth Policy Responsible for the planning , coordination, execution and surveillance of education, research and youth policy Currently the working group under the Ministry is working on the new Strategy of higher education till 2010 (R&D component is expected to be strengthened in Universities) 9 R&D Institutions Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences Universities Research Institutes Private institutions Support structures (research and technological parks, innovation and incubation centres etc.) 10 General Statistics on national basis Kyrgyz Republic Total number of researchers 2187 From these in Social Sciences 159 Humanities 156 Researchers per 1.000.000 inhabitants (2) 0,0037% Expenditure on R&D of GDP (3) 0,2 % Total R&D funding (in Euro) 3917,9 From this: Social Sciences 1,3 % Humanities 1,3 % Total number of higher educational institutions: Only universities Including branches of the Universities 51 138 Total number of students: Among them 231095 Social Sciences 85603 Humanities 16430 This data were gave by the National Statistical Committee (2005 year) 11 UNESCO Institute for Statistics http://www.uis.unesco.org/profiles/EN/GEN/countryProfile_en.aspx?code=4160 12 Financing of R&D There are three sources of financing: State financing; International grants; Internal institutional and universities sources: business and internal university budget 13 13 Financing of R&D and Innovation State financing of R&D and Innovation is organized through: targeted financing (Academy of Sciences of the KR, Academy of education under the Ministry, Institute of higher education programs); R&D grants; maintenance of the infrastructure; national research and development programmes; support programmes for innovation 14 14 National Academy of Sciences http://www.nas.aknet.kg 15 National Academy of Sciences 26 scientific institutes and centers are part of the National Academy of Sciences. Academy has the South Office in Osh city. Division of Physical and Technical, Mathematical and Mining and Geological Sciences (8 Institutes) Division of Chemical and Technological, Medical and Biological and Agricultural Sciences Division of Humanities: Address: 265a, Chui prospect, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan Tel: (996 312) 65 54 95, e-mail: [email protected] Institute of History Institute of Philosophy and Law Center for Economic Researches Center for Social Researches Institute of Linguistics National Center of Manasology and Fine Arts Department of Dungan Studies 16 Statistics about R&D in National Academy of Sciences 2004 Number of staff 2005 % % With doctors degrees 132 9 146 8,8 With candidates degrees 290 19,7 310 18,6 Researchers 819 55,9 839 50,4 Work in universities 218 14,9 259 15,6 Academician 42 Corresponding Member 57 All Staff 1466 Source: Annual report of the National Academy of sciences, 2004-2005 1664 17 Statistics about R&D in National Academy of Sciences 2004 Financing 2005 dollars USA % dollars USA % State 891380 79 1218257 85 Self-financing 80528 7 67314 5 Local grants 37642 3 54342 4 International grants 24047 2 29178 2 Income from selling 79952 7 52120 4 Total 1113549 Source: Annual report of the National Academy of sciences, 2004-2005 1421211 18 National Academy of Sciences Сумма грантов, НАН КРofотsciences международных организаций с Amount of grantsполученных given by the Academy from international organizations 2 0from 01 п о 2 0 0to 5 2005 гг. 2001 ОФТМГГН 1 200 000 ОХТМБСХН ООН Сумма, $ 1 000 000 800 000 ЮО Всего 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 годы 20 National Academy of Sciences In 2005 the researchers of National Academy of Science published 250 scientific works abroad: from them Division of Physical and Technical, Mathematical and Mining and Geological Sciences - 121 publications; Division of Chemical and Technological, Medical and Biological and Agricultural Sciences - 78 publications; Division of Humanities – 24 publications; South Division – 27 publications. Share of publications by countries are as following: Russia– 40% Kazakhstan – 20 % USA – 9 % Uzbekistan – 8% Germany – 5% The rest – 18 % In 2005 NAS KR concluded 19 international agreements. 22 National Academy of Sciences Financing of projects In 2005: Institute of History, Department of Ethnology and Archeology: Project “CARAD” – investigation and documentation of petroglifs of Osh oasis. Financing $1100 Institute of History, Project “Computer database of petroglifs of Central Asia”. Financing - $3000 Institute of History, department of Ethnology and Archeology, project “ Cultural landscape of Sulaiman-Too”. UНЕСКО17 500евро/5900 евро (7050$) Institute of History, “Preservation of monuments of Silk Way in upper Chy Valley”. Financing – Japan Trust Fund - $1500 Institute of History, department of Ethnology and Archeology, investigation of Novopokrovka ancient settlement. Financing – Fund “EURASIA”$1000 Institute of History, department of Ethnology and Archeology, project “Nomadizm, identity, ethnicity: area and local authorities”CNRS3200euro (3824 $) Total for department: 6 projects for total sum $17474 23 National Academy of Sciences Institute of Philosophy and Law (established in 1964) Address: 265a, Chui prospect, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan Tel: (996 312) 24 38 27, e-mail: [email protected] Research fields: history and philosophy; anthology and theory of knowledge; social philosophy and spiritual culture problems; philosophical tasks of social environment. Logics of development of social consciousness in new geopolitical conditions; Phenomenology and immanent logic of philosophical conception of Kyrgyz people; Role of psychological culture in new historical conditions. Strategy of sociopolitical development of Kyrgyzstan: problems and perspectives; Intellectual culture of Kyrgyz people and its esthetic foundations; Philosophical foundations of ecological strategy transition period; Problems of state and law in transition period. 25 National Academy of Sciences Institute of Linguistics (established in 1964) Address: 265a. Chui prospect, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan Tel: (996 312) 65 56 76 Research fields: Regularities of functioning and developing of the Kyrgyz language, it's phonological and grammatical structure; Peculiarities of the Kyrgyz dialectology and lexicology; problems of interaction and inter-correlation of different languages; History and norms of the Kyrgyz literary language, culture of speech, etc. The main goal of the project is scientific and theoretical ensuring of development and functioning of state (Kyrgyz) language, and scientific and practical assistance for purposeful performance of language policy in republic. Research is conducted on three dimensions: Main problems of standards of speech and functioning of grammatical categories of Kyrgyz literature language. Functioning of state and official languages in mass media in the Kyrgyz Republic. Phases of development and formation of Kyrgyz language vocabulary. Development of Kyrgyz national terminology. 26 National Academy of Sciences CENTER FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCHES Director: Dyikambaeva T., e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Stuff : 31 employees, from them 28 – scientific workers: 2 Academicians, 3 Correspondent Members, 9 – Doctors and 7 – Candidates of Science The scientific project "The urgent problems of Economy Reforms of the Kyrgyz Republic“ includes following sections: mechanisms of the market economy forming and development; regularities of formation and development of effective forms of the agrarian production; social-economy conditions of vital activity of the Kyrgyzstan’s population; natural resources of Kyrgyzstan and the problems of their use in the conditions of transition to market relations; research of the obtaining ways and methods of steady and secure economic development; macroeconomics aspects of the social-economical policy; shadow economy: analysis of its limits, structure, volume and possible ways of legalization; Integration processes in the Central Asian region. 1) Monetary and financial system in economical growth of the Kyrgyz Republic; 2) Strategy of economical growth and reduction of poverty in Kyrgyzstan; 3) Fiscal and custom policy as the instrument of macro economical regulation and economical growth; 4) Cost efficiency of rational use of natural resource for sustainable development of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic; 5) Problems of effective development of agrarian sector of Kyrgyzstan; 6) Threats of economical safety of the Kyrgyz Republic and economical growth. 27 National Academy of Sciences CENTER FOR SOCIAL RESEARCHES , e-mail: [email protected] The basic tasks of the Center are: conducting scientific research work in the sphere of human sciences and economical sciences; working out of methodology and methods of conducting applied social research in various spheres of social knowledge (in accordance with the needs of the client); sociological analysis of the socio-political situation and the study of the situation of interethnic relations in Kyrgyzstan (and in the Central Asian states of the NIS); creation of data bank of new ideas, technologies and social projects (search for potential clients); participation in the working out, review, and publication of new textbooks, monographs; discussion and recommendation in the defense of kandidat and doctoral dissertations; organization and conducting of international conferences, symposia, seminars and congresses, assistance in broadening and development of scientific and cultural ties of Kyrgyzstan; organization of training programs, study, business trips abroad, as well as inviting foreign specialists, training-researchers from the near and far abroad, working out joint research projects with foreign research centers; organization of courses for increasing qualifications and specializations of scientific teaching staffs, employees in state institutions and commercial structures; publishing and advertising; organization of courses of Kyrgyz, Russian, or foreign languages; organization of commercial exhibits, fairs, sale of office goods, organizational technology, IBM, materials and equipment necessary for conducting scientific research work; carrying out independent foreign economic activity. 28 UNIVERSITIES and INSTITUTIONS 30 Leading Universities working on SSH research projects Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn www.nsu.kg Bishkek Humanitarian University named after K. Karasaev www.bhu.freenet.kg Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University www.krsu.edu.kg American University in Central Asia www.auca.kg International University in Kyrgyzstan www.iuk.kg Bishkek Academy of Finance and Economics www.bafe.kg Academy of Management under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic www.amp.aknet.kg Center for Economics and Management under KNU [email protected] Bishkek State university of Economics and Commerce www.bsuep.edu.kg State University named after A. Arabayev Osh State University http://www.freenet.kg/institut/osh/ Naryn State University www.nsu.to.kg 31 Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University Department of Humanities Dean: Dr.,Prof. Abdykadyr Orusbaev [email protected] Participation into international projects: INTAS, SOROS, TACIS Research interests: socialinguistics study of language life of the Kyrgyz Republic, forms of existence and sphere of language use. Project idea: “Ethnic-linguistic atlas of Kyrgyzstan” for improvement of language policy in the Republic, for more exact prognosis of development of bi and multilinguism by the way of field study of the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. 33 Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University Project «Historical and archeological investigations of underwater ancient monuments of Issyk-Kyl Lake”, KRSU,Prof. Ploskikh V.M. Е-mail: ploskih37®mail.ru As the results of long-term investigations, there were found 11 sites of ancient settlements, and on the cost of Issyk-Kyl Lake – more than one hundred. From the lake’s floor tens of articles, made from bronze and dated by 1000B.C. were lifted up. Those artifacts are referred to Saxon (Scythian) civilization. Bright details of antic settlement were found in Tup bay. They may be referred to ancient Chigu, capital city of former powerful Usun state – nomad civilization existed on the border of Common Era and B.C. Some artifacts can be referred to Heathenism, Tengrianstvo, Zoroastrizm, Buddhism, Judaism, Muslim. During last two field studies there was found catacombs monastery on the Light Cape (Ak-Bulun). We could not except the fact, that that is monastery of Armenian Christians. 34 Education Network Association MISSION “Assist to integration and development of business and education in the countries of Central Asia, in order to raise the economic potential of region”. Kyrgyzstan Kazakstan Tajikistan 45 Education Network Association Strategic directions: • • • Education Development and reorganization (academic and research projects) Assistance to business development Integration of Business and Education. www.ednet.edu.kg 46 CENTRAL ASIAN APPLIED RESEARCH NETWORK PROJECT by EdNet Association The objective of ARN-Central Asia is to build institutional and human capacity to respond to applied research needs of the local communities and to participate in a larger region-wide network of institutes and individuals. Implementing agencies: Education Network Association (www.ednet.edu.kg ) and Economics Education and Research Consortium for Economics Education (www.eerc.ru ) 35 partner-universities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Major donors: B&EE Project, Carana Corporation, Eurasia Foundation, OSCE, USAID, Bitel, Dordoi Association, Information Future Foundation, InterBishkek, KazKommertsBank , Mittal Steel Temirtau, TengizChevroil, Kumtor Operating Company. Timeframe: May 2004 – August- 2006 CAARN project. EdNet Association. 47 Main outcomes 186 faculty members were trained on tools of applied research in 9 trainings. Almost 35 universities received ICT support (access to online resources, libraries, literature, and software ) 74 research projects involving 168 faculty members from almost 30 universities received CAARN support (DL Mentorship, fellowships $300 -$1000 per individual). Accepted project proposals came from 18 cities demonstrating a genuine regional character of the initiative and building a strong foundation for the future network. Awarded grant funds totaled almost 76,00 USD CAARN project. EdNet Association. 48 Thematic break-down of 74 research projects (analysis by Roman Mogilevsky –CASE-Kyrgyzstan) CAARN project. EdNet Association. 49 Applied research Network in Central Asia http://arn.eerc.ru 50 Assessments of research outputs by Roman Mogilevsky, CASE-Kyrgyzstan Many projects had a clear focus on local needs and consideration of local specificity in every country Kazakh projects were predominantly focused on the use of financial resources flowing into the country and establishment of industrial clusters Kyrgyz projects referred to tax policy and agricultural development In Tajikistan, researchers prioritized development of private sector and social-demographic problems Uzbek labor market and entrepreneurship have become popular thematic areas for university faculty based in Tashkent and Samarkand. In general, projects were about and in economics with a few projects referring to industrial management and social policy. Majority of researchers managed to make the projects applied and produce practical recommendations Many studies were based on empirical data, including data from own surveys. For more information, please visit: www.ednet.edu.kg CAARN project. EdNet Association. 51 Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan) Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan) was established in 1998. It is Kyrgyz independent non-governmental research organization founded by the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE, Poland). The goal of CASE-Kyrgyzstan is to assist to social and economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic through research, training and advisory activities. The Center is one of the first think-tank-type organizations in Kyrgyzstan. Fields of research: Research of a broad spectrum of topics: macroeconomic forecasting, fiscal policy, monetary policy, social policy and poverty analysis, agricultural economics, foreign trade, institutional changes and privatization, investment climate, monitoring and evaluation of development projects. 52 Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan) Main Projects: Analysis of economic and social problems of the country, publication of “Kyrgyz Economic Outlook” (OSI); Empirical analysis of farm profitability and investment climate determinants in Kyrgyz agriculture (USAID); Training course “Basic Poverty Measures and Diagnostics” (World Bank Institute) Complex assessment of the country’s economic, social and human development (UNDP); Participation in preparation of the “Comprehensive Development Framework”, the national long-term strategy of social and economic development (Administration of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic); Preparation of a country study for Global Research Project “Explaining Growth” (Global Development Network); Analysis of foreign aid and technical cooperation issues (UNDP); Organization of World Governance Survey in Kyrgyzstan (UN University); Analysis of international trade of Kyrgyzstan (ADB, TACIS) Executive Director: Mr. Roman Mogilevsky Postal Address: P.O.B. # 696, 720017, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Telephone: (+996 312) 55 25 04 Fax: (+996 312) 59 56 63 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Web site: http://www.case.elcat.kg/ 53 International donors: R&D Tempus Tacis-Projects in Kyrgyzstan www.tempus.kg 2005 Recognition of qualifications through the introduction of the European Credit Transfer System Workshop zur Etablierung modularer Studienstrukturen/-kurse in Kirgistan 2004 Elaboration of Strategy for Transition to ECTS in Kyrghyz Republic Creating National Information Centres about the Bologna Process in the Kyrgyz Republic Formation équipes nationales promotrices de Bologne en Asie centrale et Orientale System of Entrepreneurial activities support in Higher Education: Central Asian pilot organizational model Education in Geodesy and Geoinformatics System of Entrepreneurial activities support in Higher Education: Central Asian pilot organizational model 2002 M.S. in socio-economics: curricula development Tourism and hospitality Studies in Central Asia 54 International donors: R&D FP4, FP5, FP6 The overall number of the projects in FP4, FP5 and FP6 is about 10. In 2004-2006 there were 3 projects with KR participation. Two of them are in SSH. The PHOENIX project is a good example of Eropean and Central Asia cooperation. 55 International donors: R&D INTAS INTAS-The International Association for the Promotion Co-operation with Scientists from the New Independent States (NIS) (Former Soviet Union) is an independent International Association. For the last years it has been financed from the budget of 6 Framework Program of European Community, the main objective is to promote East-West scientific cooperation between countries -INTAS members and NIS partner countries. There are also two foundations that provide financing for research in Kyrgyzstan – CRDF (Civil Research and Development Fund, USA, and ISTC (International Science and Technology Center, Europe, USA, Japan) that also provide financing to research groups, but non of them do not finance research in social sciences and humanities. In Kyrgyzstan – for ten years of INTAS activity in Kyrgyzstan there were completed about 30 projects in all scientific fields. From overall number of projects only 4 can be referred to social sciences and humanities. INTAS calls: Open calls Collaborative calls Scholarships for young scientists. Infrastructure actions Strategic workshops Summer schools Number of other activity 56 International donors: education and R&D EFCA Eurasia foundation Central Asia, USAID - is a non-profit organization that was founded in 2005 as a locally-registered foundation, based in Bishkek, for the purpose of carrying on the work of the Eurasia Foundation (EF). EF is a privately managed non-profit organization, which has been working in Central Asia since 1993. As of October 2005, EF invested more than $6 million in Kyrgyzstan to support local initiatives in civic engagement, private enterprise, education, and public administration. Supports projects in the fields of economic and business education, civic society, work of NGOs. Supports research projects as parts of the bigger project. Priorities: • • • • • • • Developing private enterprise Community development Youth policy Helping raise the quality and transparency of higher education Financial independence of the mass media Developing state governance and local self-governance Labor migration 57 International donors: education and R&D EFCA 2005-2006 a project on the transparency in higher education and rating of universities. The transparency in education program aims to raise the quality and transparency of higher education. Several possible methods to achieve this goal have been identified. The first stage has been to conduct research into the current situation. 8 pilot universities participated in the project (AUCA, BAFE, Kyrgyz-Turkish MANAS, KSTU, Law Academy, NSU, OshSU, Naryn SU). Outcome: research “Methodological basis for the comparative analysis of curricula quality on business, economics, law, and information technologies in the Kyrgyz Republic” Main objectives of the research: • To analyze factors that affect the educational process, • To develop quality evaluation criteria in the universities of KG, • To define a level of students; and faculties’ satisfaction by different aspects of educational process etc. www.efcentralasia.kg 58 International donors: education and R&D SOROS foundation - Kyrgyzstan Soros foundation – Kyrgyzstan was established in 1993. Key fields of activities: Mass Media support, Health care, Culture, Education, Science, law and economics For 2005 Soros foundation spent $ for 921 433 that makes up to 22 % of the total budget for other 13 programs (from the annual report for 2005 http://www.soros.kg/files/sfk_report/otchetfsk05_verstka.pdf) Supports research projects as parts of the bigger project. Main priorities – researches in the fields of education policy, public policy, gender issues and civic society. www.soros.kg 59 International donors: education and R&D German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD in Kyrgyzstan) DAAD was opened in Kyrgyzstan in 1995. Mission – to provide academic exchanges between Germany and Central Asia countries’ researchers. DAAD office provides assistance to Kyrgyz graduate, postgraduate students, aspirants and PhDs to establish contacts with German universities, find partners, define a research topic (if not defined before) and to send them for studying or internship in Germany. A special program for aspirants and PhD for defense of their thesis in Germany and awarding a kandidat nauk degree Many fellowships including Humboldt Fellowship (http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/programme/new.htm) for researchers on humanities and social sciences are provided and administrated through DAAD www.daad.edu.kg 60 International donors: education and R&D International Research and Exchange Board IREX IREX is an international nonprofit organization providing leadership and innovative programs to improve the quality of education, strengthen independent media, and foster pluralistic civil society development. EDMUND S. MUSKIE GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM (MUSKIE) The Edmund S. Muskie Graduate Fellowship Program (MUSKIE) is a program of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the US Department of State, and implemented by IREX (International Research & Exchanges Board). MUSKIE provides opportunities for Master"s level study in the United States to citizens from Central Asia. It also provides limited opportunities for doctoral study of approximately four years in the United States to citizens from Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. Eligible Program Fields: Business Administration Economics Education Environmental Management International Affairs Journalism and Mass Communications Law Library and Information Science Public Administration Public Health Public Policy www.irex.kg 61 Thank you for the attention! For additional information, please, contact: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 62