Transcript Implementatino of the 8

Air Quality Planning,
Metro. Washington, DC-MD-VA
Joan Rohlfs, Chief,
Air Quality Planning
Metropolitan Washington COG
October 27, 2005
Overview
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•
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Background: Clean Air Act, Definitions
Health effects, Causes of Pollution
Plan to Improve the Air (“SIP”)
Air Quality and Transportation
Conformity
• Planning for New Ozone Standard
Clean Air Act Amendments 1990
EPA set federal health standards for
ambient pollutants
CO
SO2
NOx
Ozone
Lead
Particulate
Matter
Clean Air Act Amendments 1990
• CAAA classifies areas that do not meet the
federal health standard as nonattainment
areas
-In 1991 Washington,D.C. region was
designated a “serious” ozone nonattainment
area; 2003 reclassified as “severe”.
• 2004 Washington region designated moderate
nonattainment for 8-hr ozone
• 2005 Washington region designated
nonattainment for fine particles
Washington Region Designations
Pollutant
Designation
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Attainment
Nitrous Oxides (NO2)
Attainment
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Attainment
Ozone
1-Hour standard
Nonattainment
8-hour standard
Nonattainment
Particulates
10 micrg./m3
Attainment
2.5 micrg/m3
Nonattainment
Lead
Attainment
AIR QUALITY INDEX
AQI
Range
AQI
Color
8-Hr O3
Range (ppb)
24-Hr PM2.5
Range (µg/m3)
201300
Purple
125-374
150.5-250.4
151200
Red
105-124
65.5-150.4
101150
Orange
85-104
40.5-65.4
51-100
Yellow
65-84
15.5-40.4
0-50
Green
0-64
0-15.4
Health Effects & Causes
Ozone - Good Up High, Bad Nearby
4
How is Ground-Level Ozone Formed?
Plan to Improve the Air
Metropolitan Washington DC-MD-VA Region
8-Hour Ozone Moderate Nonattainment Area
District of Columbia
Virginia (Fairfax,
Arlington, Loudoun,
Prince William
Counties, City of
Alexandria)
Suburban Maryland
(Montgomery, Prince
George’s, Frederick, Charles,
Calvert Counties)
Metropolitan Washington DC-MD-VA Region
Fine Particle Nonattainment Area
District of Columbia
Virginia (Fairfax,
Arlington, Loudoun,
Prince William
Counties, City of
Alexandria
Suburban Maryland
(Montgomery, Prince
George’s, Frederick, Charles
Counties)
Challenge: New Ozone Standard
2010
• 19 exceedances in 2005
(Code Orange)
• EPA modeling for the Clean Air Interstate
Rule (CAIR) shows the Washington region
not meeting the 2010 deadline for ozone.
• New control measures are needed to meet
the new standard.
Requirements for NAA
• Develop State Implementation Plan
(SIP) containing measures to reduce
emissions
– Federal, state and local reductions
measures
• Conduct transportation conformity
analysis whenever new TIP is proposed
Air Quality Plan (“SIP”)
• A plan containing an emissions goal to
improve air quality by a deadline
established by the Clean Air Act
• The plan contains federal, state, and
local measures to reduce air pollution
DC-MD-VA Air Quality Plan
(“SIP”) Scope
• Commits to meet the ozone standard by
the year 2009
• Identifies control measures to be taken
to reduce pollution created locally
• Identifies measures to reduce air
pollution transported from our region
into other states
• Sets a mobile emissions budget
CAAA Required Measures to
Clean the Air
• Enhanced automobile inspection and
maintenance testing program (I/M)
• Gasoline vapor recovery systems at gas
stations
• Reasonably available control technology on
major sources of NOx and VOCs
• New source permitting with lowest achievable
emission rate and offsets for new and
expanded sources
SIP Components
Attainment Demonstration
• New Photochemical Attainment Modeling
Base Year Demonstrations
Rate2002
of Progress
OPTION 1:
AllAnalysis
control
measures
bybaseline
2009 ozone
• • 15%
VOC
reduction
from 2002
by 2008season
RACM
OPTION 2:
Contingency
Measures
•
Areas
with
approved
1-hour 15%
Plans do not need to
• Identifies
Reasonably
Available
show a second 15% VOC reduction.
Measures
for SIP
Conformity/Mobile
Budget
• Control
Demonstrate
annual
incremental
reductions instead
• Measures to be implemented if
region fails to attain in 2010 or does
• Explains why other measures are
not demonstrate required progress
not reasonably available
Control Measures in SIP
Mandatory Measures (Regulations)
Voluntary Measures:
Reformulated paints and solvents
Gas can replacement programs
AFV purchases, wind energy purchase, green
roofs, tree canopy
Voluntary Bundle
Reductions Credited
•Low-VOC Consumer Products
•Wind Power Purchase
•Gas Can Replacement
• Use of Low-VOC Paint
• Reduce Locomotive Idling
Included, But No Credit Taken
• Alternative Fueled Vehicle Purchase
• Remote Sensing Device
• Diesel Retrofits (School and Transit Buses)
EPA Voluntary Measure Guidance
Enables states to place non-regulatory
pollution control strategies in a SIP
• States take credit for
voluntary programs
reducing future emissions.
• States must backfill
shortfalls in a timely
manner (allows for
program substitution)
• Local programs rely on
the actions of individuals,
businesses, governments,
agencies
• Measures are enforced
against the states.
Types of Voluntary Measures
JUNE
Sun Mon Tues Wed
1
2
3
4
55
55
55
42
8
9
10
11
68
67
82
85
15
16
17
18
58
63
40
52
22
23
24
25
54
80 119 141
29
30
95 119
Thurs
5
68
12
79
19
79
26
137
Fri
6
79
13
66
20
43
27
94
Episodic Measures
Reduce emissions on
Ozone Action Days
Sa t
7
68
14
86
21
43
28
85
Non-Episodic Measures
Reduce emissions every
ozone season day
Examples of Voluntary Measures
Non-Episodic Measures
Episodic Measures
• Replace gas cans
• Lock Fuel Pumps
• Buy low-VOC paint
• Telework
• Retrofit diesel vehicles
• No lawn mowing
Commitment Requirements
Signed Letter
Program Details
Estimate of Benefits
Program
Effectiveness
Report
Agree to monitor program and provide annual reports on
program participation/effectiveness
Control Measure Process
• Master List of measures (200+)
• Priority List of measures
• Voluntary Bundle (local measures)
• Analysis (benefit, cost effectiveness,
timeliness)
• Public Meetings on control strategies –
(Jan-March)
Washington Region SIP Deadlines
Jan 04
Apr 05
Sept 06
June 07
Apr 08
Attainment
Date
CAIR SIP
DUE
PM2.5 NAA
Designation
8-Hr Ozone NAA
Designation
2010
Ozone SIP
DUE
PM 2.5 SIP
DUE
Next Steps
• Complete Attainment Modeling Winter
2005
• Introduce New Legislation and
Regulations Winter/Spring 2006
• Complete SIP Fall/Winter 2006
For Further Information
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http://mwcog.org/environment/air
http://www.deq.state.va.us/
http://www.mde.state.md.us/
http://www.airquality.dc.gov
• AIRNOW.ORG
• AIR-WATCH.ORG