Transcript Getting Started with Support

Course ILT
CPUs and motherboards
Unit objectives
 Describe features and functions of
CPUs
 Describe CPU packaging as well as
slots and sockets
 Describe motherboards, their
components, and form factors, plus
describe case form factors
 Identify symptoms and causes of
motherboard and CPU problems
Course ILT
Topic A
 Topic A: Central processing units
(CPUs)
 Topic B: Packaging, slots, and cooling
techniques
 Topic C: Motherboards and system
cases
 Topic D: Motherboard troubleshooting
Course ILT
Central processing unit (CPU)
 “Brains” of your PC
 Processes instructions, manipulates data,
controls interactions of other circuits
 Contains:
– A control unit
– One or more
execution units
– Registers
Course ILT
CPU performance
 Instruction — low-level, hardwarespecific command
 Rated as millions of instructions per
seconds (MIPS)
 Rated according to clock speed
Course ILT
CPU characteristics
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Addressable RAM
Branch prediction
Bus (address)
Bus (data)
Bus (internal)
Cache
Clock speed
Dual Independent Bus (DIB)
Front-side bus speed
continued
Course ILT
CPU characteristics, continued
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Hyperthreading
Multimedia extensions (MMX)
Multiprocessing
Out-of-order completion
Overclocking
Pipelining
Register renaming
Single Instruction Multiple Data
(SIMD)
continued
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CPU characteristics, continued
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Speculative execution
Superpipelining
Superscalar
Throttling
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Processor specifications
 Primary specifications
 Bus width specifications
 Internal specifications
Course ILT
Primary CPU specifications
Processor
Clock
speed (core
speed)
Front side bus
speed
Maximum
RAM
L1
cache
L2
cache
8088
4.77 – 8 MHz
4.77 – 8 MHz
1 MB
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-
80286
6 – 12 MHz
6 – 12 MHz
16 MB
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80386DX
16 – 40 MHz
16 – 33 MHz
4 GB
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80486DX
25 – 100 MHz
25 – 33 MHz
4 GB
8 KB
-
Pentium
60 – 200 MHz
60 – 66 MHz
4 GB
16 KB
-
Pentium II
233 – 400 MHz
66 – 100 MHz
4 GB
32 KB
512 KB
Pentium III
450 MHz – 1
GHz
100 – 133 MHz
64 GB
32 KB
256 – 512
KB
Pentium 4
1.3 – 2.8 GHz
400 – 533 MHz
4 GB
20 KB (8
KB data, 12
KB
instruction)
256 KB – 2
MB
Course ILT
Bus width specifications
Processor
Internal bus (bits)
Data bus (bits)
Address bus (bits)
8088
16
8
20
80286
16
16
24
80386DX
32
32
32
80486DX
32
32
32
Pentium
32
64
32
Pentium II
32
64
36
Pentium III
32
64
36
Pentium 4
32
64
32
Internal specifications
Course ILT
Processor
Core voltage
I/O voltage
Number of
transistors
Integrated
FPU?
(millions)
8088
5V
5V
0.029
No
80286
5V
5V
0.120
No
80386DX
5V
5V
0.275
No
80486DX
5V
5V
1.2
Yes
Pentium
3.3 or 3.52 V
3.3 or 3.52 V
3.1
Yes
Pentium II
2.0, 2.8, or 3.3 V
3.3 V
7.5
Yes
Pentium III
1.65 V
3.3 V
24
Yes
Pentium 4
1.4 – 1.75 V
3.3 V
42
Yes
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Activity A-1
Identifying CPUs
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Topic B
 Topic A: Central processing units
(CPUs)
 Topic B: Packaging, slots, and cooling
techniques
 Topic C: Motherboards and system
cases
 Topic D: Motherboard troubleshooting
Course ILT
Inside the case
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Chipsets
CPU packaging
Slots
Cooling techniques
Course ILT
Chipsets
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Memory control
System bus functions
Audio functions
Video display functions
System management functions
Course ILT
CPU packaging
 Chip = die
 A package is made up of
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Die
Plastic, metal, or ceramic case
Wires or connectors
Support chips
Cooling components
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PGA package
80486
Course ILT
SECC package
Pentium 3
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Packages
Package
Full name
Processors
PDIP
Plastic Dual Inline Package
8080, 8086, 8088
PGA
Pin Grid Array
80286 (68 pins), 80386 (132 pins), 80486 (168), and Xeon
(603 pins)
SPGA
Staggered Pin Grid Array
Pentium, Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro with 387 pins
PPGA
Plastic Pin Grid Array
Pentium Pro, early Celeron processors, and Pentium III with
370 pins
FC-PGA
Flip Chip Pin Grid Array
Pentium III and Celeron with 370 pins, the 423-pin version is
used with Pentium 4 processors
FC-PGA2
Flip Chip Pin Grid Array 2
Pentium III and Celeron with 370 pins, the 478-pin version is
used with Pentium 4 processors
OOI
OLGA On Interpreter
423-pin Pentium 4
SECC
Single Edge Contact Cartridge
Pentium II processors with 242 contacts, and Pentium II Xeon
and Pentium III Xeon processors with 330 contacts
SECC2
Single Edge Contact Cartridge 2
Later versions of the Pentium II and Pentium III processor with
242 contacts
SEP
Single Edge Processor
Early Celeron processors with 242 contacts
FCBGA
Flip Chip Ball Grid Array
Xeon, plus many support chips in current Pentium-class
computers
LGA
Land Grid Array
Celeron D, Pentium 4, Pentium 4 D, Pentium Extreme Edition
Course ILT
Sockets and slots
Type
Supports these packages
Processors
Slot A
AMD’s Card Module package
AMD Athlon
Socket A
SPGA with 462 pins
AMD Athlon and Duron
Socket 5
PGA, SPGA with 320 pins
Pentium
Socket 7
PGA, SPGA with 321 pins, and PGA, SPGA,
and FC-PGA with 296 pins
AMD K5 and K6, Cyrix 6x86, Pentium, and
Pentium MMX
Socket 8
387-pin PGA, SPGA, and FC-PGA
Pentium Pro
Socket 423
423-pin SPGA and FC-PGA, OOI
Pentium 4
Socket 478
FC-PGA2
Celeron, Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Pentium
Extreme Edition
Socket 370
SPGA and PPGA with 370 pins
Celeron, Celeron II, Pentium III
Slot 1
SECC, SECC2, SEP with 242 contacts
Pentium II, early Celeron, and Pentium III
Slot 2
SECC, SECC2, SEP with 330 contacts
Pentium II and Xeon
LGA775
LGA
Celeron D, Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Pentium
Extreme Edition
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Pentium with MMX CPU and Socket 7 socket
Course ILT
Activity B-1
Identifying the socket and
package type of your CPU
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Typical cooling mechanisms
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Fans
Heat sinks and cooling fins
Heat pipes
Water pumps
Peltier coolers
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Power supply and CPU fans
Power supply fan
CPU fan
Course ILT
Cooling fins
Course ILT
Cooling fins and a fan
Course ILT
Activity B-2
Examining the cooling systems
in your PC
Course ILT
Topic C
 Topic A: Central processing units
(CPUs)
 Topic B: Packaging, slots, and cooling
techniques
 Topic C: Motherboards and system
cases
 Topic D: Motherboard troubleshooting
Course ILT
A motherboard
Riser card
Course ILT
Riser card with
expansion slots
Connector between
the two
Motherboard
Course ILT
Motherboard form factors
Form factor
Dimensions (inches)
XT
8.5 by 11
AT
12 by 11–13
Baby-AT
8.5 by 10–13
ATX
9.6 by 12
Mini-ATX
8.2 by 11.2
Micro-ATX
9.6 by 9.6
LPX
9 by 11–13
Mini-LPX
8–9 by 10–11
NLX
8–9 by 10-13.6
FlexATX
9.6 by 9.6
Mini-ITX
6.7 by 6.7
Nano-ITX
4.7 by 4.7
BTX
10.5 by 12.8
MicroBTX
10.4 by 10.5
PicoBTX
8.0 by 10.5
Course ILT
Activity C-1
Examining motherboard components
and form factor
Course ILT
Case styles
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Desktop
Tower
Mid-tower
Mini-tower
Brick (cube)
Course ILT
A tower case
Course ILT
Activity C-2
Examining system cases
Course ILT
Topic D
 Topic A: Central processing units
(CPUs)
 Topic B: Packaging, slots, and cooling
techniques
 Topic C: Motherboards and system
cases
 Topic D: Motherboard troubleshooting
Course ILT
Motherboard/CPU failures
 System fails to boot
 A burning or foul odor or smoke comes
out of the case
 Fans come on and power lights
indicate that power is present, but the
system fails to boot
 Video display problems occur on a
system with an integrated display
adapter
 Intermittent problems occur that can’t
be traced to the failure of another
component
Course ILT
Activity D-1
Troubleshooting motherboard and
CPU problems
Course ILT
Unit summary
 Described features and functions of
CPUs
 Described CPU packaging as well as
slots and sockets
 Described motherboards, their
components, and form factors, plus
described case form factors
 Identified symptoms and causes of
motherboard and CPU problems