Transcript Fire Safety Trainingfor Resident Assistants

Fire Safety Training
for Resident Assistants
Ringling College of Art and Design
Department of Environmental Health and Safety
• The fire safety training is completed in two parts.
• Part 1 – This online training session will provide
information on fire prevention, classifying fuels, fire
extinguishers and rules for fighting fires.
• Part 2 – Practice extinguishing a live fire in a controlled
environment. The practical session is only permitted
after successfully completing the online training.
Topics
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Introduction
Fire prevention
Fuel classification
Fire extinguishers
Residence Hall Information
Rules for fighting fires
Quiz
Introduction
• Fires can happen anywhere, at any time. Sometimes they
are small, easy to control, that cause little damage and
no injuries. However, different types of fires can result in
different outcomes. Depending on the materials (fuel)
involved, the protocol will differ.
• The key to ensuring safety for you and others in the event
of any fire lies in how you respond. First let’s explore how
to prevent fires from happening in the first place.
Fire Prevention
• Life Safety
– The primary goal of fire safety efforts
is to protect building occupants from
injury and to prevent loss of life.
• Property Protection
– The secondary goal of fire safety is to
prevent property damage.
• Protection of Operations
– By preventing fires and limiting
damage we can assure that work
operations will continue.
Fire Prevention
A fire must have three elements to ignite and maintain
combustion.
- Fuel
- Heat
- Oxygen
A fire is prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the
three elements.
If all three are not present in sufficient quantities, a fire will not
ignite or a fire will not be able to sustain combustion
Fire Prevention
Housekeeping
• Good housekeeping habits are an important part of a safe
workplace.
• Why is good housekeeping important:
– To reduce amounts of flammable and combustible
materials.
– To reduce ignition hazards.
– To ensure safe emergency evacuation of occupants.
– To allow for quick emergency response.
Fire Prevention
Housekeeping
• Never block aisles, fire exits, emergency equipment, or alarm pull
stations with equipment or materials.
• Avoid build up of combustible materials, such as paper, wood,
cardboard, etc.
• The storage and use of flammables and combustibles should be
kept to a minimum. Use approved flammable cabinets for storage.
• Clean up all spills such as grease, oil, or water immediately.
Fire Prevention
Storage Guidelines
• No storage is allowed in corridors and stairwells. A
cluttered hallway could slow down emergency
evacuation.
• Storage must not exceed a plane
of 18 inches below sprinkler heads
or smoke detectors. Storage that
breaks this plane may prevent
sprinkler heads from fully covering
a room during a fire.
Fire Prevention
Storage Guidelines
• All storage must be at least 3 feet from electrical panels. In
some emergency situations it will be necessary to access
these panels quickly.
• Maintain at least a 3 feet clearance from heating surfaces, air
ducts, heaters, and lighting fixtures.
• Storage of combustible materials in mechanical rooms is
prohibited.
Fire Prevention
Electrical Safety
• Electrical hazards are the cause of numerous workplace fires
each year. Faulty electrical equipment or misuse of equipment
produces heat and sparks that serve as ignition sources in the
presence of flammable and combustible materials.
• Examples of common ignition hazards:
– Overloading circuits
– Use of unapproved electrical devices
– Damaged or worn wiring
Fire Prevention
Electrical Safety
• Electrical equipment should be plugged
directly into the wall outlet. Do not use
extension cords for permanent
appliances and do not use power strips
at all.
- Exception: Approved power strips for
computer equipment
• Keep ignitable materials away from
outlets.
Always check the electrical cord to ensure
that it is not frayed or damaged.
Fire Prevention
Compartmentalization
• Buildings are designed to prevent fire, heat, and smoke from
spreading beyond locations of origination. Building elements
such as fire walls, fire dampers, and fire doors, are designed
to seal off one location from the next. This system is called
compartmentalization.
• Compartmentalization increases the safety of evacuating
building occupants because smoke and fire are not able to
escape into exit passageways.
Fire Prevention
Compartmentalization
Do NOT Wedge Open Fire Doors
Why not………..
For the safety of the buildings occupants
If a fire occurs in a location where the fire door has
been wedged, smoke and heat will travel freely into
exit corridors hindering or preventing occupant
evacuation.
A door with an electro-magnetic device will
close upon activation of the fire alarm.
Fuel Classifications
• Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is
burning.
• If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on a fire, you
might make matters worse.
• Its very important to understand the different fuel
classifications…
Fuel Classifications
• There are four major kinds of fires.
• Class A fires burn the more familiar solid fuels
like wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and different
plastics.
• Class B fires use flammable liquids like oils,
gasoline, certain paints, lacquers, grease and
solvents for fuel.
Continued on next page
Fuel Classifications
• There are four major kinds of fires.
• Class C fires are electrical fires, which are similar
to type A fires in that the fuel is generally plastic,
but the heat source is fed by electricity.
• Class K fires are kitchen fires that involve burning
animal or vegetable fat, usually in a commercial
grade deep fat fryer or a frying pan.
Fuel Classifications
Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label explaining which
types of fire the extinguisher is designed to fight.
For example, a simple water extinguisher might have a label like
this…
…which means it should only be used on Class A fires.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
• Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight
different classes of fire.
The most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (APW)
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3. Dry Chemical (ABC)
4. Wet Chemical (Type K)
Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
Large silver fire extinguishers that stand about
2 feet tall and weigh about 25 pounds when
full.
APW stands for “Air-Pressurized Water.”
Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized
air, they are essentially large squirt guns.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
APW’s are designed for Class A fires only: Wood, paper, cloth.
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Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the fire to
spread.
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Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of
electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW on
an electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is unplugged or de-energized.
APW’s extinguish fire by taking away the “heat” element of the Fire Triangle.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
The pressure in a CO2 extinguisher is so great, bits
of dry ice may shoot out of the horn!
Move the discharge horn up to a right angle.
Be careful not to hold the extinguisher by the
horn when discharging.
CO2 cylinders are red.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away
the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without
oxygen, there is no fire.
CO2 is very cold, so it cools the fuel as well.
CO2 cylinders are designed for Class B and C fires only!
(Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)
Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating
the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates
the fuel from the oxygen in the air.
The powder also works to interrupt the chemical
reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very
effective at putting out fire.
ABC extinguishers are red.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
An “ABC” extinguisher will have a label like this, indicating
it may be used on Class A, B and C fires.
On campus most fire extinguishers are the ABC type.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
4. Wet Chemical (Type K) Fire Extinguishers
In food service settings an extinguisher rated to
fight type K fires is required. The fuel is animal
or vegetable fat.
Extinguishes by cooling and forming a foam
blanket to prevent the fire from reigniting.
If you discover a fire…
If you discover a fire…
… remember the acronyms R.A.C.E. and P.A.S.S.
R.A.C.E. is in the case of a fire
P.A.S.S. is for fire extinguisher use
If you discover a fire…
R.A.C.E. is in the case of a fire
RESCUE
Rescue anyone from immediate danger.
Never use an elevator.
Get out as safely and quickly as possible.
If you discover a fire…
R.A.C.E. is in the case of a fire
ALARM
Activate the nearest fire alarm pull station.
Call 9-911 and / or Public Safety (7500) to report the
location and extent of the fire.
If you discover a fire…
R.A.C.E. is in the case of a fire
CONTAIN
Close all doors and windows that you can safely reach to
contain the fire.
If you discover a fire…
R.A.C.E. is in the case of a fire
EXTINGUISH or
EVACUATE
If safe to do so, extinguish the fire using the P.A.S.S.
method.
If extinguishing the fire is not possible, evacuate the building.
Never use an elevator.
If you discover a fire…
P.A.S.S. is for fire extinguisher use
Only use an extinguisher if:
i) The building alarm has been activated
ii) The emergency services have been contacted
iii) The fire is small and contained
iv) You are sure that you will not be injured
v) You know how to use an extinguisher
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you
remember the acronym PASS:
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Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Pull the Pin
This will allow you to
discharge the
extinguisher.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Aim at the base of the
fire…
Hit the fuel. If you aim
at the flames…
… the extinguisher
agent will fly right
through and do no
good.
Fire Extinguishers
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Squeeze the top
handle…
This depresses a button
that releases the
pressurized
extinguishing agent.
Fire Extinguishers
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Sweep from side to side
… until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a
safe distance away (about 6-8 feet
away), then slowly move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on
the area in case it re-ignites.
Residence Hall Information
The information in this section is
specific to residence halls; but
most of these requirements can
also be used as recommendations
when living off campus.
Residence Hall Information
Evacuating the residence hall
When a fire alarm sounds, it is mandatory for all students to evacuate
the building
1
Dress quickly and appropriately for exiting the building.
2
Feel the door for heat – if it is hot, do not open it!
Remain in the room. Place a towel in the airspace under the door.
Go to the window and wave an article of clothing until a fire fighter
reaches you.
If the door is not hot, open the door, and move quickly to the
nearest fire exit.
Residence Hall Information
Evacuating the residence hall
3.
If smoke is present, wrap a towel over your nose and mouth and
remain close to the floor.
4.
As you exit the building, move away from the fire exits and direct
other students to the assigned location.
5.
Do not re-enter the building under any circumstances until directed
to do so by the Residence Life staff or a Public Safety Officer.
Residence Hall Information
Fire Safety
• Hanging objects from sprinkler heads, pipes and
electrical conduit is strictly prohibited.
• Live cut trees (such as Christmas trees) are not
permitted anywhere in student housing.
• Blocking entries and exits is prohibited.
• Open flames, such as candles, incense and potpourri
burners are not permitted in any student residence.
Residence Hall Information
Appliances
• Hot plates, full size refrigerators and any
appliances with exposed elements
(i.e. George Foreman grills) are prohibited.
• U.L. approved microwaves less than 600 watts and
refrigerators less than 4.0 cubic feet are allowed.
• No grills are permitted in any student housing.
The Residence Life staff enter residences to inspect for health and safety
violations.
Violations are subject to disciplinary action.
Rules for Fighting Fires
Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be
certain that you will not endanger yourself or others when
attempting to put out a fire.
For this reason, when a fire is discovered…
Follow the R.A.C.E. method
RESCUE
ALARM
CONTAIN
EXTINGUISH or EVACUATE
Rules for Fighting Fires
Do not fight the fire if:
1 You don’t have adequate or appropriate equipment. If
you don’t have the correct type or large enough
extinguisher, it is best not to try fighting the fire.
2 You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials
such as the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa
burn, they can produce hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, and
ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can
be fatal in very small amounts.
Rules for Fighting Fires
Do not fight the fire if:
3 Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable
with the situation for any reason, just let the fire
department do their job.
4 If the fire is spreading rapidly, it is time to evacuate the
building.
Close all doors and windows that you can
safely reach to contain the fire.
Rules for Fighting Fires
• The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or
means of escape at your back before you attempt to use
an extinguisher.
• In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something
unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out
quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.
If in doubt, get out!
Questions
• If you have any questions regarding fire safety, contact
the Director of Environmental Health and Safety
• Use the web form on the Contact EHS page at
www.ehs.ringling.edu
Quiz
Now that you have finished reading the fire safety
information, complete the quiz. This is available at:
http://www.ringling.edu/campus-student-life/campusservices/environmental-health-safety/environmentalhealth-safety/training-information/fire-safety-training/
Use the information in this presentation to assist you
in answering the questions if required.