Transcript Juveniles Who Sexually Offend

Juveniles Who Sexually
Offend
Gretchen Kubnick
Ray Woodruff
Wisconsin Department of Corrections
Division of Juvenile Corrections
High Risk Juvenile Sex Offender Reentry Program
Division of Juvenile Corrections
MISSION
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To promote a juvenile
justice system that
balances public
protection, youth
accountability and
competency building for
responsible and
productive community
living.
Division of Juvenile Corrections
VISION
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We will reduce delinquent behavior and
restore a sense of safety to victims and
the community.
- youth accountability
- partnerships with community
- public protection
Juvenile Sex Offenders
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23% of all sexual assaults are
committed by juveniles
16% of these juvenile sex offenders
were under the age of 12
96% of all sex offenders (adult and
juvenile) are male
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)
Juvenile Sex Offender Myths
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Stranger Danger
More Sex Offenders than ever!
They’re all Pedophiles
Residency Restrictions keep us safe
Most will commit more sex offenses
Myth: “Stranger Danger”
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93% of child sexual abuse victims
know their abuser
- 34% of offenders were family members
- 59% of offenders were acquaintances
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77% of sexual assaults of children
occurs in a residence
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)
Myth: “More sex offenders than ever”
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Arrest rates for all sex offenses across
the U.S. (including forcible rape and
excluding prostitution) have slightly
decreased in recent years
Year
1997
2002
2007
# of sex offense arrests
133,960
123,354
107,286
(Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States)
Myth: “They’re all Pedophiles”
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Pedophilia is characterized by “recurrent, intense sexually
arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving
sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children”
An individual must be at least 16 years of age to be
diagnosed as a pedophile
Some juvenile offenders display pedophiliac behaviors,
however…
Majority of juvenile sex offenders are not pedophiles
Access and convenience are factors
HOWEVER, preoccupation (and sexual interest) with
children can increase the risk for recidivism
(Miner, 2002)
(Worling, & Curwen, 2000)
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition)
Myth: “Residency Restrictions will
keep us safe”
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Research does not support a correlation between sex offender
residency restrictions and a reduction in sexual violence
Virtual complete lack of evidence to support residence
restrictions
Residency restrictions may cause instability, pushing offenders
away from treatment, social services, and stable employment;
all which could lead to re-offending
Minnesota – 224 recidivists returned to prison, 0 established
contact with child victim near school, daycare, park, etc. within
10 miles of offender’s residence
Iowa – sex offense charges and convictions involving children
slightly increased in the 2 years following residence restrictions
being implemented
(Levenson, & Hern, 2007)
(Minnesota Department of Corrections, 2007)
(Iowa Department of Human Rights, 2008)
(Levenson, Zgoba, & Tewksbury, 2007)
(Duwe, Donnay, & Tewksbury, 2008)
(Kruttschnitt, Uggen, & Shelton, 2000)
Residency Restrictions and Juvenile
Registration, cont’d
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Restrictions could undermine the Registry
- Within 6 months, Iowa’s non-compliance rate doubled
- 27 cases for non-compliance in Brown County (9/22/09)
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Research on juvenile SO registration provides
no support for a deterrent effect on juvenile
sex offending
National Alliance to End Sexual Violence
opposes residency restrictions
93% of all child sexual abuse victims already
know their abuser
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)
(Letourneau et al., 2009)
(Smith, T., Personal Communication 2009)
(Levenson, Zgoba, & Tewksbury, 2007)
Myth: “They will just re-offend”
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Most studies show that juvenile sexual
recidivism rates vary from 4-14%
Sex Offense
Study
Follow-up
Recidivism Rate
Caldwell (2007)
5 years
6.8%
Worling (2000)
2-10 years 5.17%
Letourneau (2009)
9 years
2.5 – 7.5%
Rasmussen (1999)
5 years
14.1%
Vandiver (2006)
3-6 years
4.3%
Hendriks (2008)
9 years
11%
Kahn (1991)
20 months
7.5%
Sample & Bray (2003)
5 years
6.5%
Parks & Bard (2006)
≤ 134 months
6.4%
Juvenile Sex Offender Recidivism Studies
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Higher rates of non-sexual re-offending
Study
Worling, & Curwen (2000)
Hendriks (2008)
Caldwell (2007)
Kahn, & Chambers (1991)
Parks, & Bard (2006)
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Problems with studies:
- Detection difficulties
- Small or skewed samples
- Inadequate procedures
- Evaluator Error
Rate
39.6%
59%
73.9%
44.8%
30.1%
Risk Factors for Sexual Recidivism
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Higher rates of sexual re-offending
is seen in some specific populations
- Prior sexual offending (#, duration)
- Stranger victims
- Two or more victims
- Deviant sexual arousal (fantasies,
preoccupations, behaviors, etc.)
(Långström, 2002)
(Worling & Curwen, 2000)
Juveniles Who Persist into Adulthood
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Low Social
Competence
High Rates of
Antisocial Behavior
High Rates of
Impulsivity
(Knight & Prentky, 1993)
Juvenile Sex Offender Characteristics
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Vast majority are male (~95%)
Many have suffered some form of abuse
(physical or otherwise)
Large portion are actually very similar to
juvenile non-sexual offenders (general
delinquent behavior, truancy, poor social
skills, etc.)
Points to importance of J-SOAP-II
(Kahn, & Chambers, 1991)
(Miner, 2002)
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)
J-SOAP II
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Empirically-informed assessment guide
Used to identify risk & needs
Non-sexual offending as well as sexual
offending
To assist with short-term risk assessment
To assist with finding appropriate
treatment and case planning
No “cut-off” scores or probability
estimates
Description of J-SOAP II
(Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol)
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Tool consists of 28 items
grouped into four domains or
scales
1. Sexual Drive/Sexual
Preoccupation
2. Impulse/Antisocial Behavior
3. Intervention
4. Community
Stability/Adjustment Scale
J-SOAP II Scales
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Static / Historical Scales
 Sexual Drive/Preoccupation Scale
 Impulsive-Antisocial Behavior
Scale
Dynamic Scales
 Intervention Scale
 Community Stability Scale
J-SOAP – II SUMMARY FORM
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STATIC / HISTORICAL SCALES
Sexual Drive/Preoccupation Scale Score: __ /16 = __
Add Items 1-8 (range: 0-16)]
Impulsive-Antisocial Behavior Scale Score: __/16 = __
[Add Items 9-16 (range: 0-16)]
DYNAMIC SCALES
Intervention Scale Score:
[Add Items 17 - 23 (range 0-14)]
Community Stability Scale Score:
[Add Items 24 – 28 (range: 0-10)]
__/14 = __
__/10 = __
When is the J-SOAP II Scored in DJC?
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At intake as part of a comprehensive
assessment
Post treatment / pre-release from JCI,
RCC etc
Follow-up Treatment and supervision in
community (every 90 days)
Juvenile Sex Offender Treatment in the
Division of Juvenile Corrections
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Assessment
– MAYSI-2 and J-SOAP II, Clinical Evaluation,
Psychosexual Assessments, Psychological
Evaluations
Factors to Reduce Juvenile Sexual
Recidivism
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Treatment
- Cooperation with
Treatment Process
- Guilt & Remorse
- Cognitive Distortions
- Motivation for Change
(Worling & Curwen, 2000)
(Epperson, Personal
Communication, 2008)
Sex Offender Program (SOAR)
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Enhanced Thinking Skills – Juvenile (ETS-J)
- cognitive skills program (4-6 months)
CORE Component
- specifically address sexual offending (6-9
months)
Transition to the Community
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Transition Phase begins 90 days prior to release
Team consists of Reintegration Social Worker, Inst.
Treatment Provider, Field Agent, Community Care
Providers, Youth, Parent or Family, Others as
appropriate
Develop a Transition Case Plan (TCP)
Community Supervision
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Post-Release Supervision
- Aftercare (state or county)
- Interstate Compact
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Corrective Sanctions
Program - §938.533
- Electronic monitoring and daily
contacts
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Serious Juvenile Offender
Program - §938.538
Sex Offender Supervision
Community Supervision/Management
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Re-Assess often (risk &
needs of youth)
Community programs &
Availability to
youth/families
Work with families
(when appropriate)
Appropriate levels of
supervision with
community safety
Sex Offender Registration (As of 9/24/09)
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91% of registrants are adults
Adult Conviction = 19,194
- Active = 4,846
- Terminated = 8,656
- Incarcerated = 5,692
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Juvenile Adjudication = 1,851
- Active = 287
- Terminated = 1,324
- Incarcerated = 240
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www.widocoffenders.org
2005 Wisconsin ACT 5
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Authorizes a police chief or
sheriff to provide information
from the sex offender registry
concerning:
- A registrant who is a child, or a juvenile
proceeding in which the registrant (any
age) was involved
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Before ACT 5, this information
was always confidential
ACT 5
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Information from the sex offender
registry may be released to:
- an organization (including schools, day care
providers, government agencies, etc.)
- an individual
- the general public
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-IFThe police chief or sheriff determines
that doing so is necessary to protect
the public
ACT 5
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§ 301.46(2)(e)
Effective date: May 17, 2005
Dr. Anna Salter and DOC developed
guidelines for law enforcement
when deciding on notification
Law enforcement is Not Required
to release any information about a
juvenile on the SOR
Things to think about…
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Juvenile sex offenders have lower sexual recidivism
rates than adults
Treatment has been shown to have a significant
impact
Research does not support a correlation between
sex offender residency restrictions and a reduction
in sexual violence
We can provide support to juveniles who have
sexually offended, while also maintaining community
safety
(Caldwell, 2007)
(Letourneau et al., 2009)
(Borduin, 2009)
Questions?
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Division of Juvenile Corrections
Gretchen: 608-240-5915
Ray: 608-240-5919
[email protected]
[email protected]