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European Commission
GPP Training Toolkit
Introduction
Buying Green! - Making a difference
through GPP
The power of GPP
Climate change
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Average temperatures set to rise by 2 - 4°C by 2100,
leading to:
– Rising sea levels, threatening coastal regions worldwide
– Reduced agricultural productivity, especially in the
developing world
– Spread of diseases, such as malaria and
yellow fever
– Loss of biodiversity, with 20-50% of land
species threatened with extinction
– Increased extreme weather events
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The power of GPP
Climate change (cont.)
►
Main cause: burning of fossil fuels for energy - electricity
generation, transportation, heating, industrial operations
= 80% of total CO2 emissions
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The power of GPP
Climate change (cont.)
How can GPP help?:
►
Energy efficiency:
– Improve the energy performance of new and
renovated public buildings
– Buy energy efficient office equipment (PCs,
printers, copiers etc.)
– Buy more efficient cars for public fleets
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Promoting renewable energy sources:
– Buy green electricity
– Use alternative fuels for public transport and public car fleets
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The power of GPP
Air and water pollution
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Between 1997 and 2004 up to 60% of the urban EU
population was exposed to excessive levels of
Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide or Ozone - causing
a variety of health problems
►
Nearly 90% of the EU area is
affected by eutrophication
(excessive nutrients in water
systems), leading to reductions in
biodiversity and affecting human
consumption
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The power of GPP
Air and water pollution (cont.)
►
►
Main cause of urban air pollution: vehicle emissions
Main cause of eutrophication: agricultural practices
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The power of GPP
Air and water pollution (cont.)
How can GPP help?:
►
Reducing air pollution in cities:
– Buy buses and fleet cars with low emissions of particulates and
Nitrogen Oxides
►
Reducing eutrophication:
– Buy organic food
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The power of GPP
Deforestation
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Each year 13 million hectares of forests are lost around
the world - an area 3 times the size of Denmark - much
of it logged illegally
– Reducing the ability of the world to
absorb CO2
– Loss of habitat threatening the
extinction of huge numbers of
plants and animal species
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The power of GPP
Deforestation (cont.)
How can GPP help?
►
Only purchase wood/wood
products from legally harvested
sources
► Increase the proportion of wood
coming from sustainably managed
forests
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The power of GPP
Other areas where GPP can help - some examples
► Saving natural resources:
– buying products made using recycled material
– reducing the use of paper through buying printers able to print on
both sides; promoting the use of multi-functional devices
►
Healthy working conditions for staff, students, hospital
patients etc.:
– using non-toxic cleaning products
– serving organic food in canteens
– excluding harmful substances from building construction and
renovation works
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GPP - a definition
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Green public procurement = procedure where
environmental considerations are taken into account
within the procurement process
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GPP is smart procurement – it means improving the
efficiency of public procurement and at the same time
using public market power to bring about major
environmental benefits locally and globally.
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Why implement GPP?
GPP …
……is powerful
……is smart
……tackles local policy goals
……drives innovation
……is popular
……is forward-thinking
……is possible!
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GPP … is powerful
►
European public authorities spend each year over
€1,800 billion on goods & services (14% -16 % of the
GDP)
►
Directing this spending power towards the purchase of
greener products and services can:
– Achieve huge direct environmental benefits
– Help drive the market for greener products and services
– Set an example for corporate and private consumers
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GPP … is powerful
►
Electricity produced from renewable sources
– If all European public authorities bought
green electricity 18% of the Kyoto
commitments could be met.
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Energy intensity & CO2 reduction
– EU Public authorities buy 2.8 million
computers annually - 12% of market
– If the European market could be moved to producing
slightly more efficient PCs then over 8 million tonnes
CO2 could be saved - equivalent to the emissions of
almost 1 million people
Source: RELIEF project - www.iclei-europe.org/relief (see notes page)
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GPP … is powerful
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Organic farming
– Public authorities buying organic food could offset the
eutrophication impacts of over 3.5 million people
– Buying organic provides huge greenhouse gas
reductions equivalent to the emissions of 600,000
people, just for public sector food alone.
Source: RELIEF project - www.iclei-europe.org/relief
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GPP … is smart
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GPP doesn’t mean spending more money:
– Life-cycle costing (LCC): Critical to consider the
costs of a product/service throughout its useful life purchase price, usage and maintenance costs,
disposal costs
– Efficient procurement: GPP involves meeting your
needs with the most efficient use of resources consider the real need to buy
– Example: The City of Tübingen in Germany saved
€30,000 per year by centralising cleaning product and
service procurement and by using innovative products.
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GPP … tackles local policy goals
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Achieve local environmental and health goals:
– Most local environmental and health concerns are
influenced by the products we buy and the way
services are carried out - GPP is an effective tool for
tackling these at source.
– Example: In a central Frankfurt am
Main street 54% of NOx emissions
were generated by buses - only 4%
of the total traffic volume. The local
authority now tenders for buses
with very low emissions and this
has had a major impact on
improving the local atmosphere
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GPP … drives innovation
►
Driving innovation:
– The market for green products is growing rapidly
internationally.
– Providing a market for such products helps European
suppliers to develop innovative approaches and
improve the international competitiveness of European,
national and local industry
– In both Japan and the US, the national governments
have put laws in place to foster the creativity of
industry and forge a competitive advantage
internationally through compulsory public purchasing of
eco-friendly products
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GPP … drives innovation
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Driving innovation (cont.):
– Example: In Maidstone (UK), following intensive, open
dialogue with the market, an offer for low
environmental impact cleaning services, excluding a
large number of hazardous chemicals was provided at
no extra cost.
– The winning company has now
rebranded itself as an environmentally
friendly cleaning company. Now most
of their other contracts also use this
approach.
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GPP … is popular
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Improving the public image:
– 85% of EU Citizens feel that policymakers should
consider the environment to be as important as
economic and social policies
– implementing a policy of GPP is a very effective way to
demonstrate your authority’s commitment to
sustainability as a whole.
– through leading by example, public
authorities can also encourage private
sector companies and the general
public to change their consumption
habits
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GPP … is forward-thinking
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Preparing for future legislation:
– Environmental legislation across Europe is becoming
increasingly strict:
•
Compulsory emission standards for vehicles
•
Energy efficiency standards for buildings and energyconsuming products
•
Restricted use of harmful substances
– GPP can help provide a testing ground for suppliers to
improve the environmental performance of their
products, before standards become mandatory for all
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GPP … is possible!
►
GPP is straightforward to implement :
– Helpful guidance available - this Toolkit presents clear
guidance on implementing GPP
– No legal barriers - legal framework for GPP now
clarified (see Module 2 of the EC GPP Training Toolkit)
– Many success stories - good practical examples from
around Europe
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GPP in practice
Zurich, Switzerland
– purchased 2,166 energy efficient computers =
127,114kg CO2 saved during its use
– used energy efficiency & sustainable building
materials criteria for 45,081 m2, covering
contracts worth €175.1 Million
– purchased organic food worth €390,000 = 5.6%
of its total budget
Amaroussion/Kalithea, Greece
– Purchased recycled paper jointly with several
other authorities. The cost of recycled paper
decreased to less than that for conventional
paper
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Good Practice
Freiburg, Germany
– The Department for Schools and Education
implemented a 4-year leasing of A-class
copy machines. No maintenance costs. 75
schools pay for the number of copies only.
The cost of the service has been reduced by
50%
German & Austrian Federal governments
– Both the German Ministry of the Environment, and the Austrian
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water now purchase
100% green electricity
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Good Practice
Kolding, Denmark
– has changed nearly 100% of its purchasing
policies to include environmental considerations.
The overall procurement budget has been
reduced by 10%
Barcelona, Spain
– All Barcelona’s cleaning services (worth €16.2
Million) use non toxic products
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Why start GPP NOW?
GPP …
……is powerful
……is smart
……tackles local policy goals
……drives innovation
……is popular
……is forward-thinking
……is possible!
 So start now!
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Further information
► For
the full GPP Training Toolkit please
visit:
►
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/toolkit_en.htm
Toolkit developed for the European Commission by ICLEI - Local Governments for
Sustainability, 2008
Owner, Editor: European Commission, DG Environment-G2, B-1049, Bruxelles
Disclaimer: The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability
whatsoever with regard to the information presented in this document
Pictures courtesy of Renee Brautigam (slide 7), Peter Defranceschi (s. 12, 19), Mark Hidson (s. 15),
Kolding Kommune (s. 25), and StockXchng: BSK (s. 2), Claudia Meyer (s. 3), Jim Frech (s. 4),
Ramzi Hashisho (s. 5), Terence O'Brien (s. 6), Peter Hellebrand (s. 8), Kimberlee Kessler Design (s.
9), Stefanie L. (s. 14), Sarah T. (s. 17), Sanja Gjenero (s. 20), Daniel Furger (s. 23), Vangelis
Thomaidis (s. 23), Taylor Hart (s. 24), Nina Briski (s. 25)
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