Transcript Division of Youth Corrections

Wayne County EMS
Emergency First Aid
and CPR
EMERGENCY FIRST AID
If you are the first on the scene of
accident that results in an injury or serious
illness, you may be the only link between
a victim and emergency medical care.
Your role is to take action, whether by
providing first aid, seeking medical help or
calling 911. Your actions may improve the
victims chance of recovery.
REMEMBER!!!
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:
The routine use of appropriate
barrier precautions to prevent skin
and mucous membrane exposure
when contact with blood or other
body fluids of any individual may
occur or is anticipated.
Universal Precautions apply to
blood and to all other body fluids
with potential for spreading any
infections.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR ABC’s
AIRWAY - Open the
airway with the tiltchin method.
Breath - give two
breaths.
Check circulation.
 If there is no pulse or
breathing…..(next slide)
CPR Continued
… Perform chest compressions.
30 compressions and two breaths.
Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&30
Call 911.
RESCUE BREATHING
1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per
minute.
Compressions : ventilations = 30:2
First Aid for a Choking Conscious Adult
and children (1-8 years old)
• Determine if the person can
speak or cough.
If not, proceed to the next
step.
• Perform an abdominal
thrust (Heimlich Maneuver)
repeatedly until the foreign
body is expelled.
First Aid for a Choking Conscious Adult
and children (1-8 years old)
• A chest thrust may be used
for markedly obese persons
or in late stages of
pregnancy.
• If the adult or child
becomes unresponsive
perform CPR- if you see an
object in the throat or
mouth, remove it.
Burns
BLEEDING
Apply direct pressure to
the wound (at this time a
direct pressure bandage
may be used)
Elevate (do not further
harm)
Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to
a pressure point to help
reduce bleeding.
Bleeding
Bleeding
BLEEDING
• Nose Bleed:
– Nosebleeds can be caused by an injury, disease, the
environment, high blood pressure, and changes in altitude.
They frighten the individual and may bleed enough to cause
shock.
– If the bleeding is due to a head injury and you suspect a
fractured skull, do not stop the bleeding. Cover the nose
with a loose, dry, sterile dressing and call the local
emergency number or medical personnel.
BLEEDING
• If the individual has a nosebleed due to other causes, do the
following:
– 1. Keep the individual quiet, sitting with head tilted forward.
– 2. Pinch the nose shut (if there is no fracture), place ice or
cold packs to the bridge of the nose, or put pressure on the
upper lip just below the nose. Seek medical assistance if the
nosebleed continues, bleeding starts again, or bleeding is
because of high blood pressure. If the individual loses
consciousness, place them on their side to allow blood to drain
from the nose and call the local emergency number(911).
BLEEDING
• Penetrating Objects
– DO NOT remove the
object. Stabilize the
object by using bulky
dressing around the
object and secure it in
place.
BLEEDING
• Severed Body Part
Wrap in dry sterile or
clean bandage or
cloth.
– Control Bleeding
– Contact 911
– Wrap up body part in
sterile or clean cloth.
– Place in a plastic zip
lock bag and place in
cold water.
COLD WATER
CARE FOR SHOCK
 Keep the victim laying down
(if possible).
 Elevate legs 10-12 inches…
unless you suspect a spinal
injury or broken bones.
 Cover the victim to maintain
body temperature.
 Provide the victim with
plenty of fresh air.
 If victim begins to vomit place them on their left side.
 Call 911.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
I-C-E
I - Ice, apply a cold
pack. Do not apply ice
directly to skin.
C - Compress, use
an elastic or
conforming wrap - not
too tight.
E - Elevate, above
heart level to control
internal bleeding.
CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
I-A-C-T
I - Immobilize area. Use pillows,
jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any
movement by supporting injured area.
A - Activate Emergency Medical
Services (EMS), call 911.
C - Care for shock. See “Care for
Shock” slide.
T - Treat any additional secondary
injuries.
DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
Fractures
Spider Bites
Allergic Reaction
Some reactions may be severe and cause life-threatening events
Signs and symptoms:
Mild allergy
Warm, red skin
Hives
Itching
Localized swelling
Itchy, watery eyes
Headache
Runny nose
Signs and symptoms: Severe reaction
•Throat tightness
•Shortness of
breath
•Cough
•Wheezing
Allergic reactions can progress
rapidly without proper treatment
If patient has known allergy, an
EpiPen may have been
prescribed by a physician
Epinephrine dilates bronchioles
and constricts blood vessels
•Hoarsen
ess
•Tachypn
ea
•Tachycar
dia
•Hypoten
sion
•Dizzines
s
Asthma
Signs & Symptoms
Severe respiratory distress
Wheezing
Cyanotic
Call 911 immediately
If symptoms persist
Diabetes
Anxiety
Diaphoresis
Hunger
Hypertension
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Blindness
Coma
Confusion
Decreased visual acuity
Headache
Seizures
Visual hallucinations
Weakness
Slurred Speech
Inappropriate words
Non-purposeful
movements
administer one tube of Oral glucose
POISONING
Assess the scene for clues
and safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life
threatening conditions.
Check Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Notify medical staff or on-call
Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
and 911 when necessary.
Generalized Seizure
• Also called “Grand Mal” or Tonic-Clonic
• Starts with an aura (an altered sensation felt by
the patient)
• Followed by loss of consciousness with rigid
extension (Tonic phase)
• Followed by apnea, incontinence, and
alternating contraction and relaxation of the
extremities (clonic phase)
• The seizure ends with a postictal phase in which
the patient’s LOC gradually improves
Field treatment for seizures
• Place patient in left sided recovery position
to prevent aspiration of secretions
• Rapidly assess the patient for life
threatening injuries
• Call 911
• DO NOT PUT ANYTHING IN THEIR
MOUTH!
• DO NOT TRY TO HOLD THEM DOWN
• Move any objects that might injure patient
Remember when in doubt
Call
THE END