Transcript Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP
Ecodesign of EuP
Draft proposal
NOx –Emission Limit Values
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-general for Energy and Transport Unit D3, Energy Efficiency
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3
Commission draft proposal
From 01/01/2013 Emissions of NOx from ..Water heaters ..shall be subject to the following limit (where applicable): NOx; 20 ppm, except 40 ppm for products with at least 30% renewable input. This limit shall be after allowing for nitrogen already in the fuel (or when tested with nitrogen free fuel).”
Possible Variants
(above remains the preferred option, IA study to advise): • Raising the non renewables limit by around 25% to 25 ppm.
• A limit of 70 mg/kW gas, 105mg/kW oil proposed by EHI • A delay of implementation limited to small (wall hung) oil boilers
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
Why same limits for WH and (combi-)boilers?
Principle:
• instantaneous combi (summer mode)= GIWH (or OIWH)* • storage combi (summer mode) = GSWH (or OSWH) Test method envisaged: • Identical (steady state test at full load) Urgency: GIWH and GSWH are today low-end market segments and contribute disproportionally to NOx. No technical reason for that and they can/should be upgraded to higher level, comparable to combi or even better.
Message: Rethink and upgrade GIWH and GSWH. They might well be (part of) the better alternative to the current combi concept.
GIWH= Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heater (OIWH is Oil-fired); GSWH= Gas-fired Storage Water Heater (OSWH is Oil-fired) EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
250 200 150 100
NOx limits: Misc. Proposals (in mg/kWh)
NOx in mg/kWh,
EC, EHI, OFTEC EHI for WH: 200 mg/kWh 195 <70 kW >70 kW <70 kW >70 kW 120 120 105 105
2013 ‘18
70 70 70 70 50 35 0 1 EG: Gas 2013 EG: Oil 2013 = >30% share renewables NGO: >50% renewables EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 EHI boilers Gas/Oil 2013 OFTEC (UK) boilers: Oil 2013/2018 Commission proposals in mg/kWh (20 ppm=ca. 35 mg/kWh) ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
Why NOx limits ?
• Ecodesign not just energy: gas-/oil/ electric boilers & WH contribute 10% to EU-NOx • NOx important for smog, acidification (clean air) and plays a role in climate change (ozone) NEC directive, Stockholm Treaty, AAQ directive, etc.
• EU behind in legislation (California in front). If EU wants to compete globally, the legislation should reflect that.
• The proposed limits are ambitious (current best) but should be feasible throughout within 4-5 years with extra R&D (2013) • CO safety limits are already in standards (but test standards should be updated asap!). No need to go further until new standards are there.
• NOx policy limits (in ppm) are 25 times more stringent than CO in EU Directives.(25 times “more important”) EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
NO2 in EU 2003
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 http://www.knmi.nl/~eskes/folkert/meteorologica_05.html
ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
NO2 World 2003
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
NO2 China 2001
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
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NOx: Fighting smog and acidification
1400 + 1200 1296 Business as Usual 1056 936 1000 961 14 kt SOx eq/a in 2020 800 922 665 Realistic 600 631 514 555 400 223 102 200 Impact EU: Acidification (in kt SOx eq./a) 0 1990
1990
1995 2000 2005 2015
[ EU-15 total in 2005: 10.945 kt SOx equivalent, from 9015 kt Nox (*0,7) and 4635 kt SO2] ] EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3
Why “NOx-bonus”? Why Nitrogen-free?
• NOx-bonus (+20 ppm) is consistent with system approach: Rating of the NOx of the whole boiler installation (including renewables).
• If the fossil-fuel fired boiler is just a back-up and may not even (or little) be used in normal operation, it is not advantageous for the environment nor economical for the user to require the most stringent limits.
• Nitrogen-free: The nitrogen in the fuel cause a substantial and often unavoidable part of the NOx emissions (ca. 28-35 mg/kWh). This is outside the scope of the boiler-design and manufacturers of boilers that use nitrogen-containing fuel are not responsible for that part of the NOx emissions. (e.g. compare “low-S”) EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
NOx formation: 3 types
Thermal NO
post-flame, high temperature
Prompt NO
fuel-rich flame, low temperature
Fuel NO
Oxidation of N in fuel EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
World NOx limits gas-fired boilers
NOx limits gas-fired boilers in mg/kWh
400 350 300 250 200 =also dedicated water heaters 150 102 108 100 60 70 70 70 72 80 80 50 30 35 20 0 Ha m bu rg m ar Ca k lifo Eu rn P ia '1 '0 3 4 (n o re ne Bl w ue ) A ng el '9 EN 8 b es t c la ss BE Eu '0 P 7 '1 3 (re NL ne (L w ) ow N ox ) ' 95 DE '9 8 CH '9 2 JP (l ow es t) AT '9 8 Ch in a '02 343 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
World NOx limits oil-fired boilers
NOx limits oil-fired boilers in mg/kWh
@140 mg N/kg oil 400 350 300 250 200 =also dedicated water heaters 223 343 150 100 70 80 105 110 120 120 120 124 126 50 35 0 Ca lifo rn Eu ia P '0 '1 3 4 (n o re ne Ha w ) m bu rg m Eu ar P k '1 3 (re ne Bl w ue ) A ng el '9 EN 8 b es t c la ss BE '0 7 DE '9 8 CH '9 2 AT '9 8 JP (l ow es t) Ch in a '02 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
EU Car emission limit values NOx and CO
EU Emission Standards for Passenger Cars (Category M 1 *) Diesel Gasoline
per
NOx
mg/kWh
CO
mg/kWh
NOx
mg/kWh
CO
mg/kWh
Euro 4
2005.01
417
833
133
1667
Euro 5* Euro 6*
2009.09
2014.09
300 133
833 833
100 100
1667 1667 original values in g/km, converted at 0,6 kWh/km, based on average fuel consumption of 6,5 ltr./100 km, 36,4 MJ=10 kWh/ltr diesel, 32 MJ=9 kWh/ltr. gasoline. Euro 5/6 based on regulation 715/2007 (e.g. Euro 6 = 0,08 g Nox/km for diesel) EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
Compare cars NOx (in mg/kWh)
Euro 6
2014 133 100
mg NOx/kWh diesel gasoline
Explosion motor Dynamic test
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3
EuP draft
2013 70 105 35-
mg NOx/kWh diesel gas with or without renewables
Combustion Steady-state test
ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008
Power plants NOx
LCP-directive* NOx-limits for new plants after 2003: Most gas turbines < 43 mg/kWh (ca. 25 ppm) Gas > 300 MW < 85 mg/kWh**; 50-300 MW
Remember..
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008