Transcript Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

DEPARTMENT OF GLYCOMATERIALS:
Department of glycomaterials studies:
-
the occurrence and structural features of polysaccharides from plant residues,
medicinal plants and pseudocereals,
their functional and rheological properties and intermolecular interactions,
biological activity of the polysaccharides,
modification of the polysaccharides.
-
Main topics of the projects are:
1) Polysaccharides from economically important plants and plant
residues

Selection of economically important plants (amaranth, buckwheat, plant residues).

Utilization of new extraction methods (ultrasound) and their comparison to
classical methods.
Evaluation of the chemical composition, molecular and rheological properties of the
obtained polysaccharide preparations.


Study of application polysaccharides as additives in food, pharmacy, or
cosmetics - preparation of new functional polysaccharides.
Application possibilities of the isolated hemicelluloses -xylans
 Wet-end additive in papermaking
AGX from corn cobs (2 %) improved substantially the mechanical properties of
printing and wrapping paper .
 Pharmaceutical aid
GX and AGX are useful as disintegrating and wetting agents (tablet and
powder forms).
 Textile printing aid
GX and AGX improved the printing behaviour of textile and can substitute in part
alginates using alginate/xylan blends
* Emulsifying agent for oil/water emulsions
* Stabilising agent
Protein foam stabilizing effect of various xylans
* Food hydrocolloid
Rheological behaviour of xylan/starch blends
Xylans in breadmaking. The addition of GX from buckwheat hulls increased quality
of dough and baker’s products.
Mitogenic activity of xylan from economically important plants
and plant residues
Water-solubole heteroxylans:
AGX (corn cob)
AX (rye bran)
GX (beech wood meal)
AGX (corn cob)
AG- Arabinogalactan- control
b Xylp1-2aAraf1

aAraf1


3
__
__
__
__
__
3
3
__
__

__
__
__
2


aAraf1

4MeaGlcpA1
acid hydrolysis
endo-b-1,4-xylanase AGX-3, AGX-48
 a-L-arabinofuranosidase
GX
__
2

SIcom it


3
ultrasonication
AGX
AG
SIm it
1000
100
10
GX
AGX
Dose, mg/ml
AG
Stimulatory index, SI
54
AX
10
100
1000
45
10
36
100
1000
27
18
9
0
10
20
Stimulatory index, SI
AGX>>GX>AX
30
__
4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1 4b Xylp1
aAraf1
AX
aAraf1
0
ws-AGX
AGX-Usw
AGX-Usa
AGX-E3
AGX-E48
The disaccharide side chain b-Xylp-(1→2)-a-Araf seems to be
important for the expression of the immunological activity.
2) Polysaccharides from selected herbs and other medicinal plants
 Isolation of the water-soluble polysaccharides from selected herbs and other
plants.
 The crude polysacharides are tested for biological activity
- mitogenic and comitogenic activity
- antitusic activity and
- antioxidant activity.
 Preparation of the homogeneous polysaccharide fractions from the crude biological
active polysaccharides.
 The biological activity of the homogeneous fractions is compared with the activity
of the crude polysaccharide.
 Determination of the primary structure of most biologically active fractions by means
of chemical and spectral methods of structural analysis.
Scientific goal:
To determine relationship between structure and the biological activity of the
polysaccharides.
Antioxidant aktivity
Methods:
a) measurement of chemiluminiscence (CL)
Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was
determined by comparison of CL signal which was
obtained by reaction of luminol and different
radicals and of CL signal in presence of the
polysaccharides- antioxidants.
b) measurement of absorption spectra
of conjugated dienes (215-320 nm) of peroxidized
liposomes.. Antioxidant activity of samples was
compared with reference inhibitor α-tocopherol.
60
10000
Burdock
Leaves
Buckwheat hulls
Roots
50
3
1.5
0.3
0.15
40
AOA (%)
TRAP (mmol/ml)
8000
6000
30
4000
20
2000
10
0
0
EE/L
EEPS/L
WEPS/L
EE/R
EEPS/R
EEPS/R
Antioxidant activity (TRAP) of all
polysaccharides was very high, significantly
higher for water-ethanol extract from the
leaves.
L+Hemi-5
L+Hemi-6
L+Hemi-7
L+T
The antioxidant activity of all polysaccharide
fractions of the buckwheat was higher in
comparison to that of a-tocopherol (T), which is
used as a reference inhibitor of peroxidation.
Antitusic activity (ATus) of water extracts from the medicinal plant
Mucilageneous
Roots, Leaves
G; RG
Highly branched
arabinan
Glucuronorhamnogalacuronan
Flowers
G; RG
Plantago
Leaves
G; RG
80
AG
AG
Acid heteropolysaccharide
60
40
Rudbekia
Mahony
Roots, Aerial part
P- complex
Glucuronoxylan
Stems
Glucuronoxylan
Glukuronoxylan-pectin complex
Anti-tussive activity, %
Non- Mucilageneous
40
0
0
G
C
D
M
P
RG
C
D
P
MahX
MAP
100
80
60
40
20
0
C
D
Drugs



60
20
RG
Althea
80
20
M
G- α -1,6-Glucan ; RG- Ramnoarabinogalaktan;
AG- Arabino-3,6-galactan
Roots
Fructan
(inulin-type)
Malva
Activity, %
Malva
Activity, %
Althea
Burdock
100
100
P
AL-F
Burdock
RR
RL
RX
Rudbeckia
Water extracts (mucilagenous and non-mucilagenous) have high antitusic activity.
Rhamnoarabinogalactans are more active than glucans.
Extracted components have no negative effect on expectoration.
Mahony
Mitogenic activity of polysaccharide fractions from medical plants
Crude fractions
Rudbeckia fulgida, var. Sullivantii
(aerial part) – DEAE-Seph A50/water
Salvia officinalis (aerial part)-US
Valeriana officinalis (roots)
Plantago lanceolata (leaves)
Symphytum officinalis (roots)
RSc-PC
RSn-PC
Sa-PC
Va-PC
PL-P
SO-P
RSn-PC
Crude polysaccharide
a-1,6-D-Glucan, Arabinogalactan,
Pectic arabinogalactan, Glucan, Xylan
Arabinogalactan, Pectin, Glucan
Rhamnoarabino-1,6-D-galactan
Low-Mw glucofructan
RSn-PC
SImit
RSc-PC
SO-P
SO-P
1000
100
10
1
Sa-PC
Va-PC
Pl-P
SIcomit
Va-PC
Dose, m g/ml
Zymosan
Zymosan
0
20
40
Fractions after purification
Mahony (stems)
Salvia (aerial part)
60
80
100
120
Stimulatory index, SI
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
A- pectin, MahX- xylan
MahX>>AP
A- Arabinogalactan
A << B ~ C
B- Pectin/Arabinan C- Glucuronoxylan
Burdock (leaves, roots) EELL-2P, LL-PS –from leaves
EELL-2P, LL-PS <AL-C, AL-R
AL-C, AL-R – from roots
Buckwheat (hulls)
BW 6 - xylan, BW 5 - starch-xylan
BW5 < BW6
Biological activity of polysaccharides isolated from the plants
Plant
Tissue
Biological activity
Althea officinalis L., var. Robusta
Malva mauritiana L.
Plantago lanceolata L., var. Libor
Rudbeckia fulgida L., var. Sullivanti
Mahony - Mahonia aquifolium Pursh (Nutt.)
Valerian - Valeriana officinalis L.
Sage - Salvia officinalis L.
Burdock - Arctium lappa, var. Herkules
Comfrey – Symphytum officinalis L.
Aloe - Aloe barbadensis L.
Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma.
Aloe Vera –Aloe barbadensis L.
Tamarind – Tamarindus indica L.
Roots, leaves
Flowers
Leaves
Stem, leaves, roots
Aerial part
Roots
Aerial part
Roots. leaves
Roots
Leaves
Underground part
Leaves
Seed coat
ATus, Mit
ATus, Mit
ATus, Mit
ATus, Mit
ATus, Mit
Mit
Mit
ATus, Mit, AO
Mit, AO
Mit, AO
Mit
Mit, AOA
AO
Corn - Zea mays L.
Buckwheat – Fagopyrum esculentum L.
Cobs, hulls
Seed coat
Mit
Mit, AO
ATus: Antitussive; Mit: Mitogenic/comitogenic; AO: Antioxidant
Tests were performed on extracts and isolated polysaccharides
3) Hydrophobization of chosen commercial and non-commercial
polysaccharides
A:
 Partial hydrophobization of chosen commercial polysaccharides by application
of conventional and unconventional esterification procedures.
 Determination of the degree of substitution and some functional properties of the
derivatives.
 Determination of emulsifying and foaming activities of the prepared derivatives.
SCIENTIFIC GOAL:
To achieve more effective utilization of plant raw material.
To prepare novel, highly valuable materials for cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.
B:
 Partial hydrophobization of commercial pectin and alginate by alkylation of the
carboxyl groups.
 Amidation of highly methoxylated pectin by reaction with alkyl amines.
 Determination of the degree of substitution and some functional properties of the
derivatives.
SCIENTIFIC GOAL:
Preparation of the hydrocolloids with improved or novel functional properties for application
as additives in food, cosmetics, pharmacy and other industrial branches.
Hydrofobic modification of the polysaccharides
Polysaccharide sources
HEC, CMC, CMS
Citrus pectin and pectate
Xylan from beech wood meal
Xylan from beech wood sulfit cellulose (Institute of Chemistry)
Xylan from alkali effluents of the viscose process (Lenzing AG)
Introduction of long alkyl substituents (C4-18)
Water-soluble derivatives, low DS
Amphiphilic derivatives
( surface active properties)
Water-insoluble derivatives, high DS
Hydrophobic materials
(films, textile printing aid,
composites, special materials)
DEPARTMENT OF GLYCOMATERIALS:
Hromádková Zdenka
Ebringerová Anna
Malovíková Anna Kardošová Alžbeta
Capek Peter
Košťálová Zuzana
Technicians: Bordáčová A., Šporánková N., Marková E.
Domestic and international projects
VEGA č. 2/3162/23, 2003 - 05 : Bioactive and functional plant polysaccharides for applications in food,
pharmacy and cosmetics. ( J. Hirsch )
APVT project č. APVT-51-015802, 2002–05: :Hydrophobized polysaccharide derivatives for various
industrial applications. ( A. Ebringerová )
Project VTP-SP-2003-01-U-00-01, 2003-04: Preparation of the polysaccharide from buckwheat bran and
their application in bread making technology as a new functional food. ( J. Hirsch )
COST D28, WG D28/006/03), 2004–08: Therapeutic Polysaccharides II: Bioactive Polysaccharides and their
Structure-Function relationships. ( Z. Hromádková)
COST D29, WG D29/0008/03, 2003–2007: Production and Functionalization of Hemicelluloses for
Sustainable Advanced Products. ( A. Ebringerová )
Scientific co-operation
Faculty of Industrial Technologies, TrU, Púchov: I. Sroková
Faculty of Pharmacy, UC, Bratislava: D. Košťálová
Institute of Biophysics, ASC, Brno: L. Kubala
NCMH University of Nottingham: S. Harding
Jesenius Medical School, UC, Martin : G. Nosáľová
National Institute of Health, Praha: V. Hříbalová
Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena: T. Heinze