Transcript The Great Migration

The Great Migration
The Great Migration is a term used
to describe the mass migration of
African Americans from the
southern United States to the
industrial centers of the Northeast
and Midwest between the 1910s
and 1960s.
This event is shown by one of the
most famous African American
painters of the 20th century, Jacob
Lawrence. Lawrence’s Migration
Series tells the story of the Great
Migration.
Jacob Lawrence
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"Around the
8 time of WWI, many African-Americans from the South left home and
traveled to cities in the North in search of a better life."
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Jacob Lawrence
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8 a shortage of workers in Northern factories because many had left their jobs
"There was
to fight in9the First World War."
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8 owners had to find new workers to replace those who were marching off to
"The factory
war."
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"Northern6industries offered Southern blacks jobs as workers and lent them money, to
be repaid7later, for their railroad tickets. The Northbound trains were packed with
recruits." 8
Jacob Lawrence
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6 ravaged the South. Floods ruined farms. The boll weevil destroyed cotton
"Nature had
crops." 7
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"The war 9had doubled the cost of food, making life even harder for the poor."
Jacob Lawrence
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"Railroad8stations were so crowed with migrants that guards were called in to keep
order."
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"The flood
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Jacob Lawrence
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"For African-Americans
the South was barren in many ways. There was no justice for
them in 10
courts, and their lives were often in danger.
Jacob Lawrence
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"For African-Americans
the South was barren in many ways. There was no justice for
them in 10
courts, and their lives were often in danger.
Jacob Lawrence
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Migration
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“Although slavery had long been abolished, white landowners treated the black tenant
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farmers
Jacob Lawrence
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Migration
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"Although
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farmers 12
harshly and unfairly."
Jacob Lawrence
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"And so the migration grew."
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Migration
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"Segregation divided the South."
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Migration
"The black newspapers told of better housing and jobs in the
North."
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Migration
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"Families would arrive very early at railroad stations to make sure they could get on the
13 trains."
Northbound
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Migration
"Early arrival was not easy, because African-Americans found on the streets could be
arrested for
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"And the
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Jacob Lawrence
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"In the South there was little opportunity for education, and children labored in the
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fields."
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"These
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communities deserted.“
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Jacob
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"There was
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migration."
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"Agents
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flocked into Southern counties and
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towns,
Jacob Lawrence
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"Agents from Northern factories flocked into Southern counties and towns, looking for
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laborers."
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"Families
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Jacob Lawrence
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"The promise of better housing in the North could not be ignored."
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Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part III
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"The railroad stations were crowded with migrants."
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"Letters 13
from relatives in the North and articles in the black press protrayed a better life
outside the South."
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"Many migrants arrived in Chicago."
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"In Chicago and other cities they labored in the steel mills..."
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"and on the railroads."
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"And the migrants kept coming."
Jacob Lawrence
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"And the migrants kept coming."
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"Southern
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labor agents and the migrants."
Jacob Lawrence
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"Sometimes
the agents
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disguised
themselves
to5avoid arrest, but the
migrants were often
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taken
from railroad
stations
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and jailed until
the
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"Black and
4 white Southern leaders met to discuss ways to improve conditions to stop
the flow of workers North."
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"Although life in the North was better, it was not ideal."
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"Many migrants moved to Pittsburgh, which was a great industrial center at the time.“
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"Although they were promised better
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housing in the North, some
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families
were forced to live in
overcrowded
and unhealthy
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quarters.“
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"Although
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live in overcrowded and unhealthy quarters."
Jacob Lawrence
Migration
"The migrants soon learned that segregation was not confined to the
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South."
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"Many Northern
workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for
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housing and jobs. There were riots."
Jacob Lawrence
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"Many Northern workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for
housing14
and jobs. There were riots."
Jacob Lawrence
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Migration
"Many Northern workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for
housing and
1 jobs. There were riots."
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"Longtime African-American
residents living in the North
did not welcome the
newcomers from the South
and often treated them with
disdain.“
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"The migrants had to rely on each other.
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The storefront
church was a welcoming
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place and
and in sorrow.“
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Migration
"Black
professionals, such as doctors and lawyers, soon followed their patients and
clients North."
Jacob Lawrence
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Migration
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"Female workers
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were among the last
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"Life in the North brought many challenges, but the migrants' lives had changed for the
10 children were able to go to school, and their parents gained the freedom to
better. The
vote.“ 11
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"Life2in the North brought
many challenges, but the
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migrants' lives had changed
4 better. The children
for the
were5 able to go to school,
and their parents gained the
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freedom to vote.“
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"And the migrants kept coming.“
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Jacob Lawrence