Transcript Part 91 Applicability

141 SEMINAR
1. Review of Part 91 and Part 43
2. Inoperative Equipment: Placarding
and MEL Options
3. Part 141 Maintenance Rules
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PRIVATE PILOT
PRACTICAL TEST
STANDARDS
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PRIVATE PILOT
PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS
A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND
DOCUMENTS
2. Locating and Explaining:
a. Airworthiness and Registration Certificates
b. Operating Limitations, placards, instrument
markings, and POH/AFM
c. Weight and Balance Data and equipment list
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PRIVATE PILOT
PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS
B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS
1. Explaining:
a. Instruments & Equipment for day/night VFR
b. Procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the
airplane with and without an MEL
c. Requirements and Procedures for a Special Flight permit
2. Locating and explaining:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Airworthiness directives
Compliance records
Maintenance/inspection requirements
Appropriate airworthiness and maintenance recordkeeping.
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How do Students learn about
airworthiness and aviation
maintenance practices?
From the formal course
of study
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How do Students learn about
airworthiness and aviation
maintenance practices?
By observing the school’s
compliance culture as
demonstrated by its actual
operations and practices,
and in its written and
unwritten procedures.
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How do Students learn about airworthiness
and aviation maintenance practices?
By the example of
their instructor’s
compliance-ethics
and practices.
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REVIEW
Part 91 Operations
• Definitions
• Airworthy Aircraft
• Equipment Reqmts.
• Maintenance
Requirements
• Maintenance Record
Requirements
Part 43 Maintenance
• Persons Authorized to
Perform & Approve
• Approval for Return to
Service
• Un-resolved Maint.
• Performance rules
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DEFINITIONS: FAR 1
• "Person" means an
individual, firm,
partnership,
corporation,
company,
association, jointstock association, or
governmental entity.
It includes a trustee,
receiver, assignee, or
similar representative
of any of them.
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DEFINITIONS: FAR 1
• “Operate” with respect to
aircraft, means use, cause to
use or authorize to use
aircraft, for the purpose
(except as provided in Sec.
91.13 of this chapter) of air
navigation including the
piloting of aircraft, wìth or
without the right of legal
control (as owner, lessee, or
otherwise).
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DEFINITIONS: FAR 1
• “Maintenance” means
inspection, overhaul,
repair, preservation, and
the replacement of parts,
but excludes preventive
maintenance.
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PART 91 APPLICABILITY
• Applies to Owners and
Operators:
– “No person may” “The
Owner or Operator
shall”
• Applies to Pilots:
– “No person may
operate, a crewmember
shall, no pilot in
command may, each
pilot in command shall”
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§91.7 Civil Aircraft Airworthiness
• No person may operate
unless:
– Airworthy Condition
• PIC determines whether that
aircraft is in condition for safe
flight.
– The PIC shall discontinue the
flight when unairworthy
mechanical, electrical, or
structural conditions occur.
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What is the meaning of
AIRWORTHY?
Two Conditions:
1. Conforms to Type Design
Attained when required and proper components
are installed, and they are consistent with
drawings, specifications, and other data that are
part of the type certificate, including
Supplemental Type Certificate and fieldapproved alterations.
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What is the meaning of
AIRWORTHY? (continued)
2. The aircraft is in a
Condition for Safe
Operation
This refers to the
condition of the aircraft
with relation to wear and
deterioration
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§91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual,
marking, and placard requirements
• No person may operate a
civil aircraft [in a manner
contrary to]
– Operating Limitations
– Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight
Manual
– Approved manual material,
markings, and placards, or
any combination thereof.
– The Aircraft [must be]
identified IAW FAR 45
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§91.203 Civil aircraft:
Certifications required
– No person may operate without
• An appropriate and current airworthiness
certificate.
• An effective U.S. registration certificate
• Airworthiness Certificate is displayed at the
cabin or cockpit entrance
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6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked,
or a termination date is otherwise established by
the Administrator, this Airworthiness Certificate is
effective as long as the maintenance, preventive
maintenance, and alterations are performed in
accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91of the Federal
Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and the
aircraft is registered in the United States.
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91 SUBPART C
EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT,
REQUIREMENTS
• §91.205 Instrument and equipment
requirements.
• §91.207 Emergency Locator Transmitters
(includes annual inspection requirements)
• §91.209 Aircraft lights
• §91.211 Supplemental oxygen.
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91 SUBPART C
EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT,
AND CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS
• §91.213 Inoperative
Instruments and
Equipment
• §91.215 ATC
transponder and
altitude reporting
equipment and use
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91 SUBPART E
MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE, AND ALTERATIONS
• §91.403 General
– The owner or operator of an aircraft is
primarily responsible.
– No person may perform maintenance,
preventive maintenance, or alterations on an
aircraft …other than as prescribed in this
subpart and other applicable regulations,
including part 43 of this chapter
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§91.405 Maintenance is required
• Each Owner or Operator of an aircraft
– Shall have that aircraft inspected
– Shall have discrepancies repaired
• Ensure that maintenance personnel make
appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance
records indicating the aircraft has been Approved
for Return to Service
(only the owner/operator knows what the record
looks like)
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Part 43
Approval for Return to Service?
§43.9 Content, form, and disposition of … records
(a) Each Person who performs… shall make an entry containing the
following information:
(1) A description of the work performed.
(2) The date of completion
(3) The name of the person performing
(4)If the work has been performed satisfactorily, the
signature, certificate number, and kind of
certificate held by the person approving the work.
The signature constitutes the approval for return to
service only for the work performed.
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§91.405 Maintenance required
(continued)
• Permitted inoperative instrument or
equipment must be repaired, replaced,
removed, or inspected at the next required
inspection
• Inoperative instruments or equipment must
be placarded as required by §43.11
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§ 91.407(a) Operation after
maintenance, preventive maintenance,
rebuiding, or alteration
• No person may operate any
aircraft that has undergone
maintenance, preventive
maintenance, rebuilding, or
alteration unless
– Approved for Return
to Service
– Maintenance record
entry, 43.9 or 43.11
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§ 91.407(b) Operational Check Flight
• Operational Check Flight
– When: Appreciably changed its flight
characteristics or substantially affected its
operation in flight
– How: Pilot flies, makes an operational check,
logs the flight in the aircraft records.
– (c) If ground tests, etc., confirm proper
operation, no flight check is required
(CAUTION: see rule for details).
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§91.409 Inspections
• No person may operate an aircraft Unless:
– Current Annual Inspection
– and current 100-Hour or Annual Inspection (if for hire
or flight instruction for hire) or
– Special Flight Permit, or
– AAIP under 135 or 125, or
– Progressive Inspection, or
Inspection Program under 409(e), or
– Newly certificated aircraft
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91 SUBPART E
Other Inspections
• §91.411 Altimeter system and altitude
reporting equipment tests and
inspections. For IFR flight. (AFRTS includes
Maximum Altitude Tested)
• §91.413 ATC transponder tests and
inspections. Current inspection before
use.
• Reminder: One more obligation—
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91 SUBPART A
GENERAL
Preflight:
91.7(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft
unless it is in an airworthy condition.
91.7(b) The Pilot in Command is responsible
for determining that the aircraft is in a
condition for safe operation.
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§ 91.417 MAINTENANCE
RECORDS
Two Kinds:
– Records that must be transferred with
ownership. [& method of transfer]
– Records that only need to be kept for one
year or until superceded.
• Industry norms and FAA rules about
records.
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Part 43
MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE,
REBUILDING, AND ALTERATION
• § 43.1 Applicability:
– Aircraft with a US Airworthiness Certificate
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§ 43.3 Persons Authorized to Perform
• Preventive Maintenance (as defined in Part 43)
– Certificated Pilot—only on aircraft owned or operated by
that pilot that are not on an air carrier certificate.
• Minor repairs, 100-Hour inspections, Annual
Inspections, Major Repairs, Major Alterations
–
–
–
–
Certificated Mechanic
Certificated Mechanic with IA
Certificated Repair Stations & Repairmen
Properly supervised persons
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§43.5 Approval for return to service after maintenance,
preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
No person may approve … unless -(a) The maintenance record entry required by
§43.9 or §43.11, as appropriate, has been
made; and if Major
(b) The repair or alteration form authorized by
or furnished by the Administrator [Form
337] has been executed in a manner
prescribed by the Administrator; and
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§43.5 Approval for return to service after maintenance,
preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
(continued)
• (c) If a repair or an alteration results in any
change in the aircraft operating limitations or
flight data contained in the approved aircraft
flight manual, those operating limitations or
flight data are appropriately revised and set
forth as prescribed in §91.9 of this chapter.
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§43.7 Persons authorized to approve…
• Preventive Maintenance
– A private pilot (at least), but not on air carrier aircraft.
• Minor maintenance, 100 hour inspections, certain other
inspections.
– The holder of a mechanic certificate
• Annual Inspections, Major Repairs, Major Alterations
–
–
–
–
The holder of a mechanic certificate with Inspection Authorization
A repair station
A manufacturer
Certain holders of an air carrier operating certificates (CAMP)
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§43.9 Content, form, and disposition of … records
(except inspections …)
(a) Each person who performs… shall make an entry in the maintenance
record of that equipment containing the following information:
(1) A description (or acceptable reference) of the work
(2) The date of completion of the work
(3) The name of the person performing the work
(4) If satisfactorily performed, the signature, certificate number, and kind of
certificate held by the person approving the work.
The signature constitutes the approval for return to service only for the
work performed.
In addition, major repairs and major alterations shall be entered on a form,
and the form disposed of, in the manner prescribed in appendix B, by the
person performing the work.
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§43.11 Records for inspections…
(a) The person approving or disapproving for return
to service after any inspection … shall make an
entry in the maintenance record of that
equipment containing the following information:
(1) The type of inspection and a brief description of
the extent of the inspection.
(2) The date of the inspection and aircraft total time
in service.
(3) The signature, the certificate number, and kind
of certificate held by the person approving or
disapproving for return to service …(continued)
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§43.11 Records for inspections…
(4) If the aircraft is found to be airworthy and approved for return to
service, the following or a similarly worded statement –
"I certify that this aircraft has been inspected in
accordance with (insert type) inspection and was
determined to be in airworthy condition."
(5) If the aircraft is not approved for return to service because of needed
maintenance, noncompliance with applicable specifications, airworthiness
directives, or other approved data, the following or a similarly worded
statement --
"I certify that this aircraft has been inspected in
accordance with (insert type) inspection and a list of
discrepancies and unairworthy items dated (date)
has been provided for the aircraft owner or
operator."
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§43.11(b) UN-RESOLVED
INSPECTION FINDINGS
If the aircraft is unairworthy … the responsible
maintenance person must give the owner or lessee a
signed and dated list discrepancies.
For items permitted to be inoperative under
§91.213(d)(2), the responsible maintenance person
shall place a suitable placard …, marking it
"Inoperative," and shall include the items in the
signed and dated list of discrepancies given to the
owner or lessee.
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§43.13 Performance Rules (general).
(a) Each person shall
• Use the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the Current
manufacturer's maintenance manual or
–Applicable Instructions for Continued Airworthiness, or
–Other acceptable methods, techniques, and practices
• Follow accepted industry practices for use of tools, equipment, and
test apparatus necessary to assure completion of the work.
• Use special equipment or test apparatus recommended by the
manufacturer or its equivalent acceptable to the Administrator.
(b) The Quality of workmanship and materials must ensure that the article is
at least equal to its original or properly altered condition.
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Part 91 and 43
Summary
Part 91 Operations
• Definitions
• Airworthy Aircraft
• Equipment Reqmts
• Maintenance
Requirements
• Maintenance Record
Requirements
Part 43 Maintenance
• Persons Authorized to
Perform & Approve
• Approval for Return to
Service
• Un-resolved Maint.
• Performance rules
42