Transcript Document

Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent
Training Programme for Capacity Building in Cleaner Production Centers
Sustainable Consumption & Production: Making the Connection
Integrating
Sustainable Consumption & Production
 What is Sustainable Consumption & Production.
 Need for a practical approach.
Objectives
 improve participants understanding of how
sustainable consumption and production are
interrelated.
 demonstrate the tools and strategies that
are available to address this.
 support participants in identifying
opportunities for leveraging sustainable
consumption and production in their
activities.
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Outline
 Sustainable Consumption
 Cleaner Production
 Integrating Consumption and
Production
 Stakeholder engagement and
future directions
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What is Sustainable
Consumption?
“…the use of services and products which
respond to basic needs and bring a better
quality of life while minimizing the use of
natural resources and toxic materials as well
as the emissions of waste and pollutants over
the life cycle of the service or product so as to
not jeopardize the needs of future
generations.”
UN CSD, 1995
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Sustainable Consumption is ...
more than “consuming green”
 meeting basic needs
 about changing patterns,
not “doing without”
 responsible consumption
consuming differently, efficiently !!
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Consumption Optimisation

Different consumption
– what changes in choices and infrastructure will
satisfy consumer demand more sustainability?

Conscious consumption
– How can consumers increase their quality of life
by “choosing and using” more wisely?

Appropriate consumption
– Are consumption levels sustainable? Is
consumption the best way to achieve every type of
quality of life?
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Mixed messages from consumers…
I’d like to end poverty,
stop violence and racism,
and get rid of pollution.
Everyone should be equal.
I want to dress in the nicest clothes,
drive a great car, talk on the latest
mobile phone, and watch my brand new DVD
Driving Forces that Influence
Consumption
 Economic: economic growth, disposable income and
prices,
 Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier
lifetimes
 Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity,
individualism, working/leisure hours.
 Education, Media and Information: environmental
awareness.
 Existing technology and infrastructure, available products
and services.
 Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and
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social tools.
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Needs - opportunity – ability model
of consumer behaviour
GOAL
Sustainable
Development
striving to change the way
in which needs are met to
reduce environmental
impacts
Sustainable Consumption
Cleaner Production
Recycling
Treatment
Dilution
improving efficiencies of
current production
processes with an eye
to product changes
using byproducts on/off site
so that waste being disposed
of is minizised
money spent on environment is
an expense not an investment, no
economic return
Reactive
Proactive
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Consumption & Production:
Different Terms …Different Concepts?
Leapfrog change
Voluntary
simplicity
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What is Cleaner Production?
“ Cleaner Production is the continuous
application of an integrated environmental
strategy
to processes, products, and services
to increase overall efficiency,
and reduce risks to humans and the
environment.
Cleaner production can be applied
to the processes used in any industry,
to products themselves and
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to various services
in society”
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http://www.uneptie.org/pc/cp/understanding_cp/home.htm
What Cleaner Production means for…

Production processes: conserving raw materials,
water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous
raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity of all
emissions and wasters at source during the
production process.
 Products: reducing the environmental, health and
safety impacts of products through their entire life
cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout
manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal of
the product.
 Services: incorporating environmental concerns into
designing and delivering services.
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Cleaner Production in action
For companies, cleaner production is
implemented via:
 factory and site Cleaner Production audits
 improved maintenance and operational
practices
 equipment modification
 increased recycling
 change to cleaner technologies
 better product design
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Cleaner Production example:
Nicaraguan beverage company (PEPSICO) undertook a
Cleaner Production Assessment working closely
with the 260 employees and found that
product loss was almost 80% due to mechanical problems
- 20% of which were housekeeping measures.
Measures taken:
 Water conservation reduced water loss by 50%
 Energy efficiency solutions resulted in 12%
reduction in refrigeration, 40% reduction in air
conditioning, overal fuel costs reduced by 30%
 On going training of employees reduced bottle breaking by
30% savings of $26,000/year, and established an atmosphere
supportive for looking for continual improvements.
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There is no
Sustainable Consumption without
Sustainable Production
and vice versa
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Process-Focused
Consumption and Production
Consumption
Production
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A Systems Look at Sustainable
Consumption and Production
Consumption Production
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Consumption and production:
integrated issue
“Consumers are increasingly interested in the
world that lies behind the products. They want
to know how and where and by whom the
products have been produced.”
“This increasing awareness is a sign of hope.
Business and governments must build on
that.”
Klaus Toepfer, UNEP Executive Director
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Life Cycle Thinking
Return to the
environment
Consumption/
Use
Obsolescence Society’s Need
for Products and
Services
Re-Use
Manufacturing
Recycling
Exploration
Refining
Extraction
… implies that
everyone in the
whole chain of a
product’s life cycle,
from cradle to
grave, has a
responsibility and a
role to play, taking
into account all the
relevant external
effects.”
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Klaus Toepfer
Engineering view of processes
to meet human needs
1.
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Need for Integrated Approach

Increasing resource use efficiency
(technological innovation, better management,
alternative materials, etc.) to meet the basic
needs
 Reduce material and energy density of
consumption
 Promoting sustainable development
(economic, social and environmental)
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Manufacturing System
Schematic
Facility level Process Flow Map
Inputs
Outputs
Labor
Time
Energy
Capital
Materials
Product
Scrap
Heat
Packaging
Waste
Process
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Production Chain Schematic
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity I
• Cleaner processing
and energy technology
• Cleaner processing and
energy technology More
emphasis on material
with a favorable life
course
• Less material per unit
• Larger share of
materials from recycling
industry
• Better moduling of
components
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• Cleaner processing
and energy technology
Production Chain Schematic
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity II
• Cleaner and more
effective transport
• Possibly spread
Production
• Re-use of transport
packaging
• Rationalize link between goods or
• Services and consumer
(computer shopping)
• Better utilization of energy
• More re-use and recycling
• A large share of the total
consumption should refer to service
• More “sharing”
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• More systematic
Recycling
• New materials
• technology
Consumption and Production A Complex System
Production
Production
Consumption
Production
Consumption
Products
Production
Production
Consumption
Consumption
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Consumption
New approach for development
Example of mobility
Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and
comfortably
Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road,
material use in making automobiles, roads and
related facilities, energy consumption and pollution
emission, automobile wastes, etc.
New approaches: urban planing (location of residents,
commercial and leisure services), public transport,
cleaner fuels, design for efficiency and recycling,
telecommunication (working from home, teleconferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of leisure
activities
Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile
manufacturers, public transport services, leisure
service companies, IT industry, etc.
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Sustainable Consumption and
Production: a role for ALL
Sustainable consumption and production is
a common responsibility of
 Governments,
 Industry,
 Consumers and
 Mass media.
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Future directions...
Encompasses entire consumption and production
system with a life cycle perspective
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Includes stages upstream and downstream of
targeted area
Focuses on minimising impacts of entire
system
Includes interventions that influence
consumption patterns (e.g, PSS, product
information and product design)
Involves wide range of stakeholders
Covers both policy as well as technomanagerial aspects
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