Transcript Drip Irrigation Systems and Applications

PEPSEE SYSTEMS: Grassroots'
Innovation Under Groundwater
Stress
Shilp Verma
Stanzin Tsephal
Tony Jose
Pepsee System of
Irrigation
Pepsee System of Irrigation
Pepsee system is a low cost
alternative of drip irrigation system (DIS). It
does not require micro tube or emitter to
place water directly to the root zone instead
the lateral, which is called pepsee a lightweight plastic pipes used for making ice
candy locally called “Pepsee”, is placed
directly to the root zone of the plants.
Pepsee and Micro-tube Irrigation
System Components
• Pepsee
–
–
–
–
–
–
PVC Pipe 2 inch
Valve (2 inch)
Filter (optional)
GTO
Jointer
Accessories (include
'L' bow, end cap etc)
Pepsee Straw
(Rs. 780/acre)
• Micro-tube
–
–
–
–
–
–
PVC Pipe 2 inch
Valve (2 inch)
Filter
GTO
Jointer
Accessories
(include 'L' bow,,
end cap etc)
Lateral (12 mm) and micro tube,
(Rs.3,800/acre)
Context
– Rapidly depleting of water table in last two
decades
– The recurrence of drought like situation
– During summer water is available for very less
time.
– Summer crop is very important for farmer
– Latent demand for water saving technologies
Drip
Rs.20,000/acre
Micro Tube
Pepsee
Rs.7,000/acre
4,000/acre
Only Rich farmer could afford
Still it was beyond the reach
of poor farmers
So, there was great need
for same technology at low cost
Objectives
• To study the Pepsee system, its history and spread
• To make a comparative Technical/Financial study of
Pepsee system with Micro-tube/drip and Flood system of
irrigation
• To study the condition and factor that lead to successful
adoption of pepsee system.
• To suggest the social marketing strategy for mass
promotion of pepsee system of irrigation.
Methodology
• Farmer Survey
• Focus Group Discussion
• Interviews with Retailers and Manufacturers
• Participatory Rural Appraisal
• Farm Management concepts were used to check the
financial viability of Micro-tube and Pepsee system of
irrigation
Sampling Plan
Each
region
was
divided
into three
•• Two
Districts
were
selected
purposively
on the bas
• District
was divided into four geographical region
segments
of spread of pepsee
•East,West,
South and North
–
Pepsee
adopters
•West Nimar (Madhya Pradesh)
– Micro-tube/Drip
adopters
•Jalgaon
(Maharashtra
)
– Non-adopters
Sampling Distribution
Segments
West Nimar Jalgaon
Total
Pepsee adopters
30
30
60
Micro-tube adopters
30
30
60
Non-adopters
30
30
60
Total
90
90
180
Spread of pepsee system
Adopters and non-adopters Profile
Figures are indicated in percentage
Pepsee adopter
Source of irrigation
Micro tube
adopter
Non adopter
W
J
W
J
W
J
Open well
90
67
60
30
10
15
Tube well
10
33.33
37
70
0
0
Rain fed
0
0
0
0
77
85
Canal
0
0
0
0
14
0
20
15
24.50
22.50
14.60
9.70
7.40
8.10
7.62
9.60
3.60
5.02
AVERAGE LAND
HOLDING
YEILD
100
80
60
Water
saving
Electricity
saving
Labour
saving
Better
utilisation
Better
quality
Higher
yield
Less
w eeds
Advantages
West Nimar
Jalgon
40
20
0
53 53
30
30
10
3
Algae
40
Fly aw ay
43
Control the
follow
50
High w ater
pressure
High labour
requirement
Fulfilment of
w ater
requirement
Low
pressure
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Limited life
period
Disadvantages
93
87
Maikaal
63
Jalgon
43
30
10
0
Reason for purchase of pepsee
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
98.33
76.67
36.50
13.33
6.67
Energy
saving
High Yield
Labour
Saving
Water
saving
Cheaper
than drip
Reasons for not purchasing
51.6 7%
4 8 .3 3 %
2 1.6 7%
13 .3 3 % 13 .3 3 %
Fly away
Not easily
available in
the market
Labour
consuming
Bothersome
Enough
water
No water
5.0 0 %
10 .0 0 %
Not much
information
15.0 0 %
Costly
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Impact of Pepsee systems
• Cropping pattern
– Enable them to take summer crop
– Chances for Rabi crops
West Nimar
Pepsee adopter
Jalgaon
Non-adopters
30
2
Pepsee adopter
28
• Crops
– Better quality
– Higher Yield
– Less prone to pest attack
Non-adopters
4
Impact of pepsee systems on
pumpage
• Pepsee used only before monsoon
Methods of
irrigation
Numbers of
irrigation
Hours of
irrigation/acre
Total
Pepsee
system
18
0.42Hrs
7.5Hrs
Flood system
3
5
15Hrs
• Total
notional savings of 7.5 Hrs/acre, before
monsoon (50%)
Impact of pepsee systems on area
under cultivation
Average incremental area under cultivation due to
adoption of pepsee is 2.2 acre
Impact of pepsee systems on water level
Adoption of pepsee system do not save water
but it leads to efficient utilization of water
However if farmers start using pepsee after
rain, then there will be water saving
Cost of Micro-tube
Items
Unit
Rate/Unit Qty Require
Lateral 12mm
Mtr
1.70
1,750.00
Micro Tube 03mm
Mtr
0.30
2,750.00
Filter
No
1,200.00
1.00
Valve 2inch
No
200.00
2.00
GTO
No
1.50
50.00
Jointer
No
0.75
25.00
PVC Pipe 2inch
No
160.00
10.00
Accessories (include 'L' bow, salution,FTA,MTA,
No
end cap etc)
cost of installation
Man days
40.00
3.00
Value
2,975.00
825.00
1,200.00
400.00
75.00
18.75
1,600.00
350.00
120.00
7,563.75
Cost of Pepsee
Items
Unit
Rate/UnitQty Require
Value
Lateral (pepsee 16mm)
kg
65.00
Filter
No
1,200.00
Valve 2inch
No
200.00
GTO
12.00
780.00
1.00 1,200.00
2.00
400.00
No
1.50 100.00
150.00
Jointer
No
0.75
PVC Pipe 2inch
No
160.00
15.00
10.00 1,600.00
Accessories (include 'L' bow, thread, end cap
Noetc)
Cost of installation
Man days 40.00
11.25
150.00
4.00
160.00
Total
4,451.25
Total after deducting cost of filter
3,112.50
Financial Analysis
Financial Indicators of PIS and MIS
IRR (%)
NPV (RS.)
BCR
PBP
Cost
A,B,C
A,B,C
A,B,C
A,B,C
Pepsee
42,35,18
5760, 4390,1107
1.51, 1.41, 1.10 2.36-3
Microtube
40,39,28
9057, 8791,4982
1.82, 1.80, 1.43 2.16-3
•Both Micro-tube and Pepsee is financially feasible
•Micro tube is financially sounds better than pepsee
Financial analysis
• why the farmers still adopt pepsee
irrigation system when they have choice
of micro-tube which technically and
financially better than pepsee
• why micro-tube inspite of the technical
and financial feasibility, its large scale
and fast adoption is not so encouraging
in India
Most Prominent Reasons
Drip-irrigated area is not more than one
percent.
– High initial investment
– less access to basic finance
– Lack of information
Dhawan B D, Drip irrigation, Economic and Political weekly, October, 1999
Supply chain of pepsee
PLASTIC MANUFACTURER
PLASTIC WHOLESALER / RETAILER
AGRI IMPLEMENTWHOLESALER
AGRI IMPLEMENT RETAILER
FARMER
STRENGTH
•Low cost
•Low initial investment
•Risk spread over number of years
WEAKNESS
•Limited life period & delicate
•High labour requirement
•Skill requirement is less
•High replacement cost of pepsee
•Shifting to micro tube and drip is
•Cannot withstand high pressure of
technically feasible
flow of water
•Less transportation and storage
problem
•Unequal distribution of water
OPPORTUNITY
•Scope for improvement
•Latent demand for water saving
•Involvement of agencies for
THREAT
•Non standardization in product
•Non performance of early
adopters
replication / spreading
•Manufacturing process is
available everywhere
•Decreasing price of micro tube
and drip
•Changes in system of electricity
•Environmental problems with
billing
polythene
•Easy and soft availability of
finance
IDE’s PEPSEE- “EASY DRIP”
• Involved in pepsee for last one year –
trying to create a brand
• Mainly involved in creating linkages
• Making standardized product of 125
micron thickness – Black Pepsee (LLDPE)
• Coming up with combination of micro
tube with pepsee which is more effective
• Focus is on vegetables and spreading
into other parts in Maharashtra
Suggestions for IDE
• Price is the USP of pepsee and attempt to
increase the price will seriously affect the
adoption
• The standardization of product is very important
• IDE focus should be to create volume
• Preservation of technology with a focus on
product development
• A warranty of pepsee for one crop season during
the first year of introduction
• Field demonstration is a necessity for replicating
it new places
• Early adopters should be progressive farmer but
from targeted segment
• System should be supplied through agricultural
implements shop
How we are looking at Pepsee
Pepsee is catering to a segment which
cannot afford micro tube and drip
irrigation, and to the farmers who are
aware but not convinced about the
potential benefits of micro/drip
irrigation.
How we are looking at Pepsee
Pepsi system in itself is not a complete
substitute for drip / micro tube irrigation,
as when the economic condition of
farmers improves, he will shift to microtube, then to drip, so it could be used as
stepping stone and a tool to promote
more efficient drip irrigation technologies
at large scale in long-run
Thank You!