Transcript Environmental Management and Pollution Control in Singapore

Environmental Management
in Singapore
General Information on Singapore
Population
- Resident - 3.2
million
- 76.8%
Chinese, 13.9%
Malay, 7.9%
Indian and 1.4%
Other races
Climate
- Tropical
-23oC - 33oC
-Annual rainfall of 2,345 mm
-Average daily relative
humidity of 84%
Land
-one main island and
63 smaller islands
-Main island is about
42 km from east to
west and 32 km
from North to
South and has a
coastline of 150 km
-Total land surface
area is 683 km2
Introduction
Singapore faces the following constraints:
• Small land area
• Densely-populated
• No natural resources
• No energy sources
• Little water resources
Broad Strategy
Need to strike a balance between
• Promote economic and industrial
growth
• Protection of the environment
 Anti-Pollution Unit – 1970
 Ministry of the Environment – 1972
 Programmes implemented to protect the
environment
Key Elements of Strategy
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Long term planning
Preventive control of environmental threats
Monitoring of environmental quality
Effective legislation & enforcement
Provision of environmental infrastructure
Use of environmental technology
Land Use Planning
Urban Redevelopment Authority
• National Authority for land use planning
• Prepares Concept Plan and Development
Guide Plans (DGPs)
• Land is zoned for specific uses such as
residential, commercial, industrial, etc
• Environmental controls are factored in
Concept Plan and DGPs
 Protection of water catchment
 Provision of environmental infrastructure
 Compatibility of land use
Preventive Controls
• Judicious siting of industries
• Development and building plan
control
• Inspection of completed premises
Siting of Industries
• Site industrial estates for clean and
light industries close to residential
areas
• Site general and special industries
farther away from residential areas
in Jurong and Tuas Industrial
estates, and on Jurong Island
Siting of Industries
Evaluates pollution impact of new industries
• do not pose unmanageable health and safety
hazards and pollution
• adopt clean technology to minimise the use of
hazardous chemicals and the generation of wastes
• can comply with prescribed standards for the
emission/discharge of pollutants
• wastes can be properly handled and disposed of
• compatible with surrounding land use
Building Plan Control
• Check building plans of new developments
• Check pollution control facilities of
industrial developments
• Check completed developments for
compliance with pollution control
requirements before occupation and use of
developments
Environmental Monitoring
• Monitor ambient air quality and quality of
inland and coastal waters
• Detect trends so that control programmes
can be formulated to prevent a problem
from arising
• Assess adequacy and effectiveness of control
programmes
• Keep abreast with monitoring technology
Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring &
Management System
• Air monitoring stations are equipped with
continuous automatic analysers for
 sulphur dioxide
 ozone
 carbon monoxide
 oxides of nitrogen
 particulate matter
ROADSIDE
SUB-URBAN
Telemetric Air
Quality Monitoring
& Management
System
MODEM
CENTRAL CONTROL
STATION
INDUSTRIAL
LEGEND
URBAN
Remote Station
Central Control
Station at
Environment Bldg
LOCATION OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
12
5
13
11
7
6
9
2
14
10
4
8
17
AMBIENT STATIONS
Urban
3
15
16
1
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tanjong Katong Girls Sch
Bishan ITE
Environment Bldg
Temasek Polytechnic
Woodlands Sec Sch
Woodbridge Hospital
Stagmont Camp
Industrial
ROADSIDE STATIONS
15 Southern EHDO
16 National Museum
17 Ngee Ann Polytechnic
SURVEY STATION
18 Jurong Island
8 Singapore Science Centre
9 Hong Kah Pri Sch
10 Nanyang Technological
University
Suburban
11
12
13
14
Siglap Sec Sch
Yishun ITE
Kranji Reservoir
Changi Airport
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Station
PSI (1991 - 2002)
90
80
83
82
77
75
70
68
70
61
70
65
64
% of days
60
49
50
49
46
39
40
48
36
35
32
30
25
30
30
23
17
20
10
5
3
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Good
18
Moderate
Unhealthy
2000
0
0
2001
2002
Water Quality Monitoring
• Water in reservoirs remains suitable for
treatment for potable use
• Inland water supports aquatic life
• Coastal waters remain suitable for
recreational use
Water Quality Monitoring
Programmes
• Inland water
– Catchment
– Non-catchment
– Reservoir
• Coastal water
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
Sg Sembawang
Kechil
State of Johor
Mandai
Kechil Pond
Sg Sembawang
Sg Simpang
Mak Wai (S)
Sg Hantu
Mandai
Sg Neo
Sg Simpang
Mak Wai (S)
Sg Tho Pek Kong
Sg Poyan
Sg Chua
Chu Kang
Sg Peng
Siang
Right 2
Pulau Tekong
Stream
Sg Seletar
Sg Peng Siang
Centre
Sg Puak Besar
Sg Seletar
Simpang
Sg Seletar
Kanan
Sg Seletar Simpang Kiri
Simpang
Kanan 2
Pang Siang
Pond
Sg Peng
Siang
Right 1
MacRitchie Stream
Sg Bajua
Sg Jurong 1
Yishun
Pond
Sg Bukit Mandai
Sg Pang Sua (W)
Sg Tengah
Sg Simpang
Kiri
Sg Chik Abu
Sg Kadut
Sg Kangkar
Sg Berih
Yishun
Pond
Sg Jurong 2
Tampines Ponds
Yan Kit Pond
Sg Tengeh (N)
Sg Bukit Timah
Bedok
Ponds
Sg Tengeh (S)
Sg Pandan
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
Sarim bun
Kranji
Murai
Pulau Telong
Lower
Seletar
Upper
Seletar
Poyan
Upper
Peirc e
Tengeh
Jurong
Lake
Lower
Peirc e
Mac Ritc hie
Pandan
Bedok
State of Johor
State of Johor
State of Johor
Sg Simpang
Kanan
State of Johor
Sg Buloh
Sg Melayu
Sg Kranji
Sg Punggol
Sg Serangoon
Kallang River
Sg Jurong (R)
Bukit Timah Canal
Pelton Canal
Sg Jurong
Sg Whampoa
Sg Bedok
Jurong Area
Canal
Sg Siglap
Stamford Canal
Singapore River
Geylang
River
Legislation & Policies
• Set up effective legislation to control
pollution
• Carry out regular review of policies and
standards with extensive consultations
with the public and industries
Enforcement
• Ensure air pollutant emission standards
and trade effluent standards comply
with legal standards
• Control the proper management and
disposal of hazardous substances and
toxic industrial wastes
• Conduct regular checks on industries
• Take legal action against recalcitrant
polluters
Environmental Infrastructure
• Comprehensive sewerage system
• Efficient solid waste system
Sewerage System
• Separate sewerage system for both domestic
and industrial wastewater and open drainage
for rain water
• 6 water reclamation plants
• 2,800 km sewers
• >100 pumping stations
• 97% population served and remaining 3% by
on-site sewage treatment plants
• Industrial wastewater pretreated to prescribed
standards prior to discharging into the
sewerage system
Sewerage System
HOUSEHOLDS
COMMERCIAL
PREMISES
INDUSTRIES
MANHOLE
PRETREATMENT
PLANT
WATER
RECLAMATION
PLANT
EFFLUENT
OUTFALL
PUMPING
STATION
SEA
SEWER
Solid Waste Management
• Daily refuse collection service
• Toxic industrial wastes segregated at source
and collected by licensed toxic industrial waste
collectors for treatment and disposal
• 90% of wastes generated is incinerated at 4
incineration plants
• Ash from the refuse incineration plants and
10% of wastes generated are disposed of at the
off-shore Semakau sanitary landfill
REFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Senoko IP
Tuas IP
Ulu Pandan
RIP
Tuas
South IP
Semakau
Landfill
Closed Lorong
Halus Dumping
Ground
Education
• Educational programmes to raise and
cultivate awareness and understanding
• Environmental education programmes in
primary, secondary and pre-university
curricula
• Educational campaigns
Environmental Technology
• Monitor latest developments in industrial
processes and pollution control technologies
• Adopt best practicable measures
• Use clean technology - minimise use of
hazardous chemicals and generation of wastes
• Use hazardous chemicals that will not pose
unmanageable health and safety hazards
• Promote research & development
Thank you