GEC Ecomagination Challenge Submission

Packet-Switched Smart Grid

Ecomagination Challenge Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 1

Grid Futures : A Technical Vision

Existing National Grid Infrastructure Notes: Roots are physically connected underground in a “Ribbon Mesh”, but not the trunks! The “Virtual Ring Circuit ” on ground is shown dashed, forming a packet-switched route Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 2

Introduction: Global Futures

 Global Economic Expansion  Energy provision for each and all on demand  Effective Global Future Energy Provision requires effective Global leadership, operating within an  ethical social and environmental context  with the emphasis on providing opportunities for work and enterprise  balancing local and centralised energy generation Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 3

Energy Futures

 Wind  Ocean Current  Tidal Flow and Wave  Solar, Geothermal  Cleaner Nuclear  Cleaner Coal Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 4

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Digital Futures

 Networked Smart UPSs featuring  Packet-switched, cable-Integrated DC power distribution  Domestic switched mode un interruptible Power Supplies (smart UPSs)  Street hub switches  Networked device mapping Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 6

Environmental Futures

 Greener energy provision  Climate stabilisation  Low Environmental Impact Grid  Sustainable energy generation  Renewable resources Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 7

Human Futures

 Growing Global Demand for Energy  Climate Stabilisation  Segmentation of work  Workload gets divided up within communities  “Artificial Ethics”  Fairness and equality of access to scarce resources (work)  Microsoft with New Scientist “Visions of the Future”  Runner-up, Science Museum, London, May 2008 Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 8

Working Futures •Employment and Enterprise

•Creating local opportunities •Provision of work in the community •Communication •“Knowledge alone is Power” •‘Smart Power is Knowledge’ Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 9

Seeing the Grid in an Environmental Context

 Energy generation  within a distributed environment  within an embedded environment  Sustainable resource provision  the digital rainforest  Charge caching intermittent supply  using electric vehicle battery Ecomagination Challenge banks Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 1 10

Digital Rainforest Analogy Further Developed

Existing National Grid Infrastructure Peripheral Grid Extension Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 11

Digital Systems

 Open up new possibilities for smarter communication of power requirements  Parity of Charge Packets Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 12

•Systems Analysis

   Adapting the SHEL Model  Broadened human, social, environmental and engineering interactions (interfaces) Human Factors Analysis Object-Oriented Programming    Messaging Protocols Requirements Analysis Top-down / bottom-up design approach H Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 S Greenware E L 13

The Self-Sustaining Digital Rain Forest

 Analogue Amazon  Existing National Grid AC Infrastructure anologous to a river  Forest Water table retention by forest canopy is analogous to charge retention by local peripheral battery caches  Digital Canopy  Local distributed micro-generation and charge retention  Hybrid Branch Interfaces (refer to Figure)  Electric vehicle fuel stations  local substations  backed up with community micro-CHP generation Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 3 14

Today’s Situation

 Slow, mechanical circuit-switched network  less efficient; technology has moved on  Changing Supply and Demand Requirements  Environmental sourced supply intermittency  More home working and aging population  remote manufacturing locations  Energy Security  Shortages of oil and gas, dependency on foreign suppliers Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 4 15

How Did We Get Here?

 AC Vs. DC  Tesla Vs. Edison  AC is no longer better than DC!

 Modern switching technology developments  Keynesian Economics  A model Post Great Depression infrastructure government spending initiative Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 5 16

Available Options

 More Centralisation and Macro-Generation or more Distributed Micro-Generation?

 More Wind?

 More Coal?

 More Nuclear?

 More Wave Ocean and Tidal Flow?

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Recommendations

 Deploy  Ocean and Tidal Flow generation offshore peripherally  Local DC micro-generation  Local DC charge caching  Cleaner coal AC generation upgrade centrally  Low environmental impact DC Smart Grid Extension  Develop test models further to CFD simulation  Lobby for an acceptable  smart power grid standardization from the Application Layer down (pto) Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 7 18

Appendix

 Mesh Topology Figs. 1 a b c & d  Electric Fuel Station as Substation Node Fig.4

 The Open Systems Interface Transport Fig. 2 Control / Internet Protocol Model  Application Layer Development  Presentation Layer Development  Distributed (Cloud) Computing  Reading Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 19

Mesh Wiring Topology Street Level Repeater Hubs form a V.A.N.

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Mesh Topology Street Wiring Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 21

Fig. 4

Electric Fuel Station as Sub-station 40 43 33KVAC 11KV AC 33KVAC 42 400KV -> 132KVAC 45 Backbone DC Segments CHP Generator Intermittent 11KVDC / 3.3KVDC

Chopping Packet switched Sub Station Node 46 12VDC Charging 50 52 44 3.3KVDC

Packet Switched 3.3KVDC drive-through packet-switched forecourt 53 47 49 230VDC chopped packet switched 51 3KVDC ->230VDC Packet-switched local ring energy cache 41 Electric fuel station charging (intermittent) Ethernet or token ring 49 230VDC Packet-switched 48 53 3.3KVDC

Packet Switched Packet switching charge-caching power router step-up 3.3KVDC -> 11KVDC Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 22

Fig. 2

TCP/IP Stack TCP/IP Protocol Stack 16 Application (the Grid controllers displays with manual power control override commands) IIS & Winsock APIs, remote database stubs with pointers for charge accounting, client user HMIs[1] 15 Application Header User Data the actual chopped charge pulse transmitted User Data TCP Application ‘Message’ IP Ethernet Driver Ethernet Transmission Line (the physical network cable Comprising the power line) Ethernet Header 14 Bytes IP Header TCP Header The Power Packet containing the Chopped Charge (Application Data) TCP Segment (addressed charge packet) TCP Header The Power Packet containing the Chopped Charge (Application Data) IP Datagram (Packet) IP Header 20 Bytes TCP Header 20 Bytes The Power Packet containing the Chopped Charge (Application Data) Variable length Ethernet Frame 20 46 – 1,500 Bytes (variable) x 8 = 12,000 bits per Frame Ethernet Trailer 4 Bytes 21 direction of switched packet charge travel throu gh one network leg at 1-10 mbps.

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Application Layer Development

 Distributed (standardised) Component Object model for the non-standard top of the TCP/IP protocol stack  Design for semi-autonomous home browser console operation ‘bottom-up’  Allows remote database access (ordering of power supply)  Complex real-time visual data display and modelling  Back-end main-frame data and number crunching Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 24

Presentation Layer: Why XML?

 Extensible Markup Language XML allows  ongoing customisation, optimisation  revisions to embedded code fragments  additions of ‘known and unknown (un)knowns’  improvements as science explains ‘black box systems patches’ e.g. demand and supply routing patterns in better detail (learing predictive neural networks)  learned improvements to heuristic algorithms  pre-processed, economical data exchange Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 25

Cloud Computing

 Storm and crash-proof damage-hardened historical and learned data storage and backup  Avoiding data-processing bottlenecks Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 26

Reading

Please refer to Slide Notes enclosed Nick Robinson and Team, September 2010 27

Reading - continued

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