Transcript e-supply chain

Lecture 3
ref: Chapter 6
E-Supply Chains,
Collaborative
Commerce,
And Corporate Portals
1
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Inc.
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Learning Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define the e-supply chain and describe
its characteristics and components.
List solutions provided by e-commerce
(EC) for supply chain problems.
Describe RFID supply chain applications.
Define c-commerce and list the major
types.
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Learning Objectives
6.
7.
8.
9.
Describe collaborative planning and
collaboration, planning, forecasting, and
replenishing (CPFR)
Understand corporate portals and their
types and roles.
Describe e-collaboration tools such as
workflow software and groupware.
Describe Collaboration 2.0 technology
and tools.
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
 supply
chain (non electronic)
The flow of materials, information, money, and
services from raw material suppliers through
factories and warehouses to the end customers
 e-supply chain
A supply chain that is managed electronically,
usually with Web technologies
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E-Supply Chains
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
 SUPPLY
1.
CHAIN PARTS
Upstream supply chain
the activities of a company with their
supplier(assemblers, manufacturers, or service
providers).
the major activity is procurement.
 procurement
The process made up of a range of activities by which an
organization obtains or gains access to the resources
(materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to
undertake their core business activities
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
2.
Internal supply chain and value chain
all in house processes used in transforming the inputs
received from the suppliers into organization’s
outputs.
Value chain : transform goods and services obtained
from suppliers into goods and services of value to
customers. Combine customers (B2C) & suppliers(b2b)
3.
Downstream supply chain
all the activities involved in delivering the products to
the final customers ( distribution , warehousing,
transportation)
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
•
supply chain management (SCM)
A complex process that requires the coordination of
many activities so that the shipment of goods and
services from supplier right through to customer is done
efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned.
SCM aims to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
minimize inventory levels,
optimize production
increase throughput
decrease manufacturing time
optimize logistics and distribution
streamline order fulfillment
reduce the costs associated with these activities
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
•
e-supply chain management (e-SCM)
The collaborative use of technology to improve
the operations of supply chain activities as well as
the management of supply chains
–
information visibility
The process of sharing critical data required to
manage the flow of products, services, and
information in real time between suppliers and
customers
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6.1 E-Supply Chains

Activities e-SCM
•
Supply Chain Replenishment
Synchronizing supply and demand information across the
enterprise.
•
e-procurement
The use of Web-based technology to support the key
procurement processes, including requisitioning, sourcing,
contracting, ordering, and payment.
E-procurement supports the purchase of both direct and
indirect materials and employs several Web-based functions
such as online catalogs, contracts, purchase orders, and
shipping notices
Online purchase order, Advanced shipping notifications,
online catalogs



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6.1 E-Supply Chains
•
Supply Chain Monitoring and Control Using RFID
•
Inventory Management Using Wireless Devices
using bar-code technologies and wireless technologies
•
collaborative planning
A business practice that combines the business
knowledge and forecasts of multiple players along a
supply chain to improve the planning and fulfillment of
customer demand
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
•
Collaborative Design and Product Development
use of product design and development techniques
across multiple companies to improve product launch
success and reduce time-to-market.
•
E-Logistics
the use of web-based technologies to support the
material acquisition, warehousing , and transportation
processes.
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6.1 E-Supply Chains

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Infrastructure for e-SCM
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Extranets
Intranets
Corporate Portal
Workflow system and tools
Groupware and other collaborative tools
Identification and tracking tools
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6.1 E-Supply Chains
 success
–
–
–
–
–
–
factors of e-supply chain management
the ability to see collaboration as an asset
information visibility
speed
quality
customer service
tight integration
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6.2 Supply Chain problems and
solutions
 typical
–
–
–
problems along the supply chain
missed deliveries
improper inventories
quality problems
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6.2 Supply Chain problems and
solutions
 Main
reason for supply chain-related problems
 lack of communication and trust
•

EC solutions to supply chain problems
Solutions come in the areas of visibility, order
taking, order fulfillment, electronic payment,
inventory planning and collaborative
commerce.
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
 radio
frequency identification (RFID)
Tags that can be attached to or embedded in
objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves
to communicate with a reader for the purpose of
uniquely identifying the object or transmitting
data and/or storing information about the object
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
 how
RFID can be used to improve supply chains?
RFID tags can be attached to products to more
carefully monitor their location for inventory
purposes.
 Working
of RFID in a supplier-retailer system
Suppliers attach RFID tags so retailers can track
shipment and receiving.
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
 The
•
•
•
differences between active and passive RFID
tags.
Active tags include an internal power supply
while passive tags do not.
Active tags can be read at distances of one
hundred feet or more while passive tag can be
read only at very short distances
Active tag is typically more expensive than
passive tag
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6.3 RFID as a Key Enabler in
Supply Chain Management
 LIMITATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
AND CONCERNS OF RFID
Cost too high
Interference and accuracy
Limited range in passive RFID
Environment restrictions on usage (ex. underwater)
Privacy
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6.5 Collaborative Planning,
CPFR, APS, and PLM
 collaborative
planning, forecasting, and
replenishment (CPFR)
Project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate
in their planning and demand forecasting to
optimize flow of materials along the supply chain
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6.5 Collaborative Planning,
CPFR, APS, and PLM
•
advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems
Programs that use algorithms to identify optimal
solutions to complex planning problems that are
bound by constraints
•
product lifecycle management (PLM)
Business strategy that enables manufacturers to
control and share product related data as part of
product design and development efforts
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6.7 Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
 corporate
(enterprise) portal
A gateway for entering a corporate Web site,
enabling communication, collaboration, and
access to company information
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6.7 Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
 TYPES
•
•
•
•
•
OF GENERIC CORPORATE PORTALS
Portals for Suppliers and Other Partners
Customer Portals
Employee Portals
Executive and Supervisor Portals
mobile portals

Portals accessible via mobile devices, especially cell
phones and PDAs
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Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
 The
Functionalities of Portals
•
information portals
Portals that store data and enable users to
navigate and query the data
•
collaborative portals
Portals that allow collaboration
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Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
 CORPORATE
PORTAL APPLICATIONS
•
Knowledge bases and learning tools, business
process support, customer-facing sales,
collaboration and project support, data access,
and security applications.
•
Developing Portals
what is the purpose and content of the portal
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Corporate (Enterprise) Portals
 the
•
•
•
•
benefits of corporate portals.
simple access/navigation
improved access to information
usability of common applications
the ability to use platform independent applications.
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
•
•
•
workflow
The movement of information as it flows through the sequence
of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures
workflow systems
Business process automation tools that place system controls in
the hands of user departments to automate information
processing tasks
workflow management
The automation of workflows, so that documents, information,
and tasks are passed from one participant to the next in the
steps of an organization’s business process
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
•
COLLABORATION AND GROUPWARE: SOME BASIC
CONCEPTS
–
–
groupware
Software products that support groups of people who
share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their
accomplishment
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Communication
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
–
virtual team
A group of employees using information and
communications technologies to collaborate from
different work bases

Mass Collaboration
a form of collective action that occurs when large
numbers of people work independently on a single
project, often modular in its nature
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools

ELECTRONIC MEETING SYSTEMS: FACE-TO-FACE SUPPORT AND
VIRTUAL MEETINGS
–
virtual meetings
Online meetings whose members are in different
locations, even in different countries
–
group decision support system (GDSS)
An interactive computer-based system that
facilitates the solution of semistructured and
unstructured problems by a group of decision
makers
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
 REAL-TIME
MEETINGS
COLLABORATION TOOLS FOR VIRTUAL
•
screen-sharing software
Software that enables group members, even in
different locations, to work on the same document,
which is shown on the PC screen of each participant
•
Sharing Documents and Workspaces
Ex. Google doc
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
 ELECTRONIC
TELECONFERENCING
•
teleconferencing
The use of electronic communication that allows
two or more people at different locations to have
a simultaneous conference
•
video teleconference
Virtual meeting in which participants in one
location can see participants at other locations on
a large screen or a desktop computer
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools

–
data conferencing
Virtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups
work on documents together and exchange computer files
during videoconferences
–
Web Conferencing
E.g. e-classrooms, web simenar
unified communication (UC)
Simplification of all forms of communication in the enterprise
Web Collaboration
– Web Suites
e.g. polycom.com
–
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
•
Collaboration 2.0
The technology and tools used for collaboration
in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are
in sync with social networking and usergenerated content
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools
•
The major technologies used in Collaboration 2.0:

collaborative workspace
An interconnected environment in which all the
participants in dispersed locations can access and
interact with each other just as inside a single entity
benefits:
•
•
•
fast and flexible access to information
cost saving on HW and SW
better information security
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools

instant messaging
Technologies that create the possibility of realtime
text-based communication between two or more
participants over the Internet/intranet

presence information
Status indicator that conveys ability and willingness
of a potential communication partner
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools

Mobile Collaboration in the Web 2.0 Environment
•
•
Mobile social networking service
Mobile handset (skype)
– mobile instant messaging
Messaging service that transposes the desktop
messaging experience to the usage scenario of being
on the move
– Mobile Unified Communication
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6.8 Collaboration-Enabling
Environments And Tools

voice-over-IP (VoIP)
Communication systems that transmit voice calls over
Internet Protocol–based networks

Blogs, Wikis, Virtual Worlds, Forums, and Other Tools
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