Transcript Cyber-Crime - Pearson Canada

Chapter 12
Future Directions and
Emerging Trends
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Foresight’s Crime Prevention
Panel
► Individuality
and independence
► Information
Communication Technology
► Globalization
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Globalization
► Society
is experiencing a period of
unprecedented global change.
► Globalization
has required law-enforcement
agencies around the world to communicate
with each other.
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Transnational Crime
Today’s organized crime groups are
involved in:
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arms dealing
environmental crime
insurance and financial fraud
trafficking and smuggling of humans
money laundering
bank fraud
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Emerging Crimes
► Trafficking
and smuggling of humans
► International
trafficking in human organs
► Cyber-crime
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Trafficking and Smuggling
Humans
Trafficking Humans
 Delivery of people; delivery paid for
 Trafficked persons repay debts to traffickers
 Not always transnational
Smuggling Humans
 Transportation of individuals to a country
 Relationship between smuggler and victim ends
once victim is delivered
 Always transnational
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International Traffic in Human
Organs
► The
Current Reality – Supply and Demand
► Organs
from Executed Prisoners
► Allegations
of Kidnap and Murder for Organs
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The Current Reality
Supply and Demand
Demand
► Travel
 Supply
to other countries.
► Don’t
ask questions about how organs
obtained.
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Organs From Executed
Prisoners
World Health Organization – against the sale
of organs.
China allows organs of executed prisoners
to be harvested and donated if:
 no one claims the body;
 the executed prisoner has volunteered; or
 the family consents.
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Allegations of Kidnap and
Murder for Organs
Children are kidnapped for adoption.
Children are kidnapped or sold for sex trade.
Children are abducted for their organs????
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Cyber-Crime
► Computers
as a Tool of Crime
 e.g. child pornography, criminal harassment,
fraud, theft of intellectual property etc.
► Computers
as an Object of Crime
 e.g. hacking or unauthorized use of computer
systems, defacing websites, the creation and
malicious dissemination of computer viruses.
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Comparative Criminology
The cross-national study of crime.
Crime rates are difficult to compare across
nations because of:
 differences in crime definitions;
 diverse crime reporting practices; and
 political, social, economic and other influences.
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