Revision Pack

BSB IGCSE Biology

SECTION 3: Plant Physiology

Term 2/5 approx 16 lessons

Instructions

• • You can use the following statements for your revision. They are taken directly from the specification.

They key terms are also listed. Your revision should enable you to recognise and use these key terms in the test.

Trigger Words

• • Trigger words at the start of the statements give you an idea of what it is that you might be asked to do in an exam question You can compare these to the exam glossary that makes up the last two slides of this pack Important trigger words for IGCSE

Easy Trigger Words Recognise Recall Describe Explain Understand Hard Evaluate

Movement of substances into and out of cells

2.12 recall simple definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport 2.13 understand that movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Movement of substances into and out of cells

Diffusion Osmosis Active transport

Movement of substances into and out of cells

2.16 describe simple experiments on diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. 2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient

2.14 understand the importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support

Movement of substances into and out of cells

Diffusion Osmosis Living system Non-living system Rate Surface area to volume ratio Temperature Concentration gradient

Turgid Support

Nutrition

2.17 describe the process of photosynthesis and understand its importance in conversion of light energy to chemical energy 2.18 recall the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis

Nutrition

Photosynthesis Light Chemical energy Word equation Balanced chemical symbol equation

Nutrition

2.22 describe simple controlled experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll

Nutrition

Simple controlled experiments Photosynthesis Evolution of oxygen Water plant Starch Light Carbon dioxide Chlorophyll

Nutrition

2.19 understand how carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

Nutrition

Carbon dioxide Concentration Light intensity Temperature Rate of photosynthesis

Gas exchange

2.39 understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to respiration and photosynthesis 2.41 explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange 2.20 explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

2.43 describe simple controlled experiments to investigate the effect of light on net gas exchange from a leaf, using hydrogen-carbonate indicator 2.40 understand that respiration continues during the day and night, but that the net exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen depends on the intensity of light

Gas exchange

Gas exchange Carbon dioxide Oxygen Respiration Photosynthesis Structure Leaf Adapted

Effect Light Net gas exchange Hydrogen-carbonate indicator Light intensity

Gas Exchange

2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange

Excretion

2.67 recall the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf

Gas Exchange

Stomata Gas exchange Carbon dioxide Oxygen Waste products Metabolism

Excretion

Transport

2.53 explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells 2.52 describe the role of the xylem in transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant

2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant

Water Absorbed Root hair cell Xylem Mineral salts Roots

Phloem Sucrose Amino acids Leaves

Transport

Transport

2.54 recall that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant 2.55 explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity 2.56 describe experiments that investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot

Transport

Transpiration Evaporation Water Rate Humidity Wind speed Temperature Light intensity Environmental factors

Nutrition

2.21 recall that plants require mineral ions for growth and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids

Mineral ions Growth Magnesium ions Chlorophyll Nitrate ions Amino acids

Nutrition

Coordination and response

2.79 understand that plants respond to stimuli 2.80 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems 2.81 describe positive phototropism of stems

Coordination and response

Plants Respond Stimuli Geotropic Roots Stems Positive phototropism

Reproduction

3.3 describe the structures of an insect pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination 3.4 understand that the growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation 3.8 understand that plants can reproduce asexually by natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings)

Reproduction

Insect-pollinated Wind-pollinated Flower Adapted Growth Pollen tube Fertilisation Fruit Asexual reproduction Runners Cuttings

Reproduction

3.6 recall the conditions needed for seed germination 3.7 understand how germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis

Seed Germination Food reserves Photosynthesis

Reproduction

Food production

Crop plants 5.1 describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of certain crops 5.2 understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses

Food production

Glasshouse Polythene tunnel Yield Carbon dioxide Temperature

Food production

5.3 understand the use of fertiliser to increase crop yield 5.4 understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides and biological control with crop plants

Food production

Fertiliser Crop yield Pest control Pesticide Biological control Crop plant